purine
... • Rate of AMP production increases with increasing concentrations of GTP; rate of GMP production increases with increasing concentrations of ATP ...
... • Rate of AMP production increases with increasing concentrations of GTP; rate of GMP production increases with increasing concentrations of ATP ...
Evolutionary dynamics of RNA-like replicator systems
... Interestingly, a similar situation exists in RNA and DNA. RNA and DNA are chemically very similar to each other, the only difference being the presence or absence of one oxygen atom per nucleotide. Although RNA molecules are the only templates from which proteins are translated in the cell, DNA can ...
... Interestingly, a similar situation exists in RNA and DNA. RNA and DNA are chemically very similar to each other, the only difference being the presence or absence of one oxygen atom per nucleotide. Although RNA molecules are the only templates from which proteins are translated in the cell, DNA can ...
Jigsaw handout - the Biology Scholars Program Wiki
... Summary of background information given in a reading and reinforced in a short lecture: The lac operon contains genes required for the uptake and utilization of the sugar, lactose. When lactose is not present, the proteins encoded by the genes are not needed and the operon is not transcribed. When ...
... Summary of background information given in a reading and reinforced in a short lecture: The lac operon contains genes required for the uptake and utilization of the sugar, lactose. When lactose is not present, the proteins encoded by the genes are not needed and the operon is not transcribed. When ...
RNA-based regulation of genes of tryptophan synthesis
... Regulatory subtleties abound, however, therefore each event—at each stage—is not absolute. Other regulatory processes influence trp mRNA synthesis and survival, trp coding region translation, trp enzyme function and turnover, and trp enzyme activity (Landick and Yanofsky 1987; Yanofsky and Crawford ...
... Regulatory subtleties abound, however, therefore each event—at each stage—is not absolute. Other regulatory processes influence trp mRNA synthesis and survival, trp coding region translation, trp enzyme function and turnover, and trp enzyme activity (Landick and Yanofsky 1987; Yanofsky and Crawford ...
The complete nucleotide sequence of the RNA coding for the
... Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease of clovenhooved animals and is of paramount economic importance. The virus (genus: aphthovirus; family: Picornaviridae) has a single stranded positive sense RNA genome of approximately 8,500 nucleotides. The genome is 3' polyadenylate ...
... Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease of clovenhooved animals and is of paramount economic importance. The virus (genus: aphthovirus; family: Picornaviridae) has a single stranded positive sense RNA genome of approximately 8,500 nucleotides. The genome is 3' polyadenylate ...
Novel mutants of 23S RNA: characterization of
... puromycin (2,3), protection of rRNA against chemical modification by various ribosome ligands (4-6), inhibition of substrate binding by complementary oligodeoxynucleotides (7) and analysis of antibiotic resistant mutations in rRNA (for review 8). Based on these data, the central ring of domain V in ...
... puromycin (2,3), protection of rRNA against chemical modification by various ribosome ligands (4-6), inhibition of substrate binding by complementary oligodeoxynucleotides (7) and analysis of antibiotic resistant mutations in rRNA (for review 8). Based on these data, the central ring of domain V in ...
Sequence analysis of the Marburg virus nucleoprotein gene
... Fig. 2. Specificity of cDNA clones, MBG mRNAs and sequencing of the 5' end of the MBG NP mRNA. (a) Northern blot hybridization of 32P-labelled probes (nick translation) generated from eDNA clones MV-88 and MV-17 (see Fig. 1) to lanes of RNA resolved by electrophoresisin an acid-urea-agarose (1-5~) g ...
... Fig. 2. Specificity of cDNA clones, MBG mRNAs and sequencing of the 5' end of the MBG NP mRNA. (a) Northern blot hybridization of 32P-labelled probes (nick translation) generated from eDNA clones MV-88 and MV-17 (see Fig. 1) to lanes of RNA resolved by electrophoresisin an acid-urea-agarose (1-5~) g ...
The Structures of DNA and RNA
... of DNA are linked together by covalent bonds and how the resulting molecules are arranged in three-dimensional space. Not surprisingly, there initially were fears that DNA might have very complicated and perhaps bizarre structures that differed radically from one gene to another. Great relief, if no ...
... of DNA are linked together by covalent bonds and how the resulting molecules are arranged in three-dimensional space. Not surprisingly, there initially were fears that DNA might have very complicated and perhaps bizarre structures that differed radically from one gene to another. Great relief, if no ...
Kallikrein-like prorenin-converting enzymes in inbred
... Tissue preparation. Part of the surgically removed submandibular gland was frozen in liquid nitrogen for further use, whereas the rest of it was fixed in chilled phosphate buffered saline (PBS) containing 3% paraformaldehyde and 0.02% diethylpyrocarbonate for 2–3 h. Preparation of tissue extract. One ...
... Tissue preparation. Part of the surgically removed submandibular gland was frozen in liquid nitrogen for further use, whereas the rest of it was fixed in chilled phosphate buffered saline (PBS) containing 3% paraformaldehyde and 0.02% diethylpyrocarbonate for 2–3 h. Preparation of tissue extract. One ...
Full wwPDB X-ray Structure Validation Report i
... fraction of residues that contain outliers for >=3, 2, 1 and 0 types of geometric quality criteria. A grey segment represents the fraction of residues that are not modelled. The numeric value for each fraction is indicated below the corresponding segment, with a dot representing fractions <=5% The u ...
... fraction of residues that contain outliers for >=3, 2, 1 and 0 types of geometric quality criteria. A grey segment represents the fraction of residues that are not modelled. The numeric value for each fraction is indicated below the corresponding segment, with a dot representing fractions <=5% The u ...
CHAPTER 15
... C11. Answer: An anticodon that was 3–UUG–5 would recognize the two codons. To recognize 5–AAA–3, it would have to be modified to 3–UUI–5. C12. Answer: All tRNA molecules have some basic features in common. They all have a cloverleaf structure with three stem-loop structures. The second stem-lo ...
... C11. Answer: An anticodon that was 3–UUG–5 would recognize the two codons. To recognize 5–AAA–3, it would have to be modified to 3–UUI–5. C12. Answer: All tRNA molecules have some basic features in common. They all have a cloverleaf structure with three stem-loop structures. The second stem-lo ...
attachment of amino acids to tRNA
... molecules in cell (~40). Each tRNA molecule is attached to a specific amino acids (20) and each recognizes a particular codon, or codons (61), in the mRNA. All tRNAs end with the sequence 5’CCA-3’ at the 3’ end, where the aminoacyl tRNA synthetase adds the amino acid. ...
... molecules in cell (~40). Each tRNA molecule is attached to a specific amino acids (20) and each recognizes a particular codon, or codons (61), in the mRNA. All tRNAs end with the sequence 5’CCA-3’ at the 3’ end, where the aminoacyl tRNA synthetase adds the amino acid. ...
Applications of Bioinformatics and Genomics/Proteomics
... Office hours: Every Wednesday and Friday from 9 AM to 10 AM in the office of Dr. Fedorov (Room 308 at Health Science building, HSC; tel: 419-383-5270). Also, students may contact remotely via Skype (Afedorov_lab) every Wednesday and Friday from 9 am to 10 am. Homework time policy: Each homework assi ...
... Office hours: Every Wednesday and Friday from 9 AM to 10 AM in the office of Dr. Fedorov (Room 308 at Health Science building, HSC; tel: 419-383-5270). Also, students may contact remotely via Skype (Afedorov_lab) every Wednesday and Friday from 9 am to 10 am. Homework time policy: Each homework assi ...
Cell and Molecular Biology
... • What are the “parts” of the ribosome? What function does each part perform? • What are the A, P, and E sites of a ribosome? What binds at each of these sites? • Does anything beside the ribosome participate in elongation of the amino acid chain? If so, what is it and what does it do? • What signal ...
... • What are the “parts” of the ribosome? What function does each part perform? • What are the A, P, and E sites of a ribosome? What binds at each of these sites? • Does anything beside the ribosome participate in elongation of the amino acid chain? If so, what is it and what does it do? • What signal ...
Identification and Analysis of Arabidopsis Expressed Sequence
... ncRNAs have indicated that they can act as gene regulators, as part of biotic and abiotic stress signals, or as part of RNA-protein complexes with various enzymatic and structural activities. A number of ncRNAs are processed in an mRNA-like manner; consequently, they undergo splicing and have poly(A ...
... ncRNAs have indicated that they can act as gene regulators, as part of biotic and abiotic stress signals, or as part of RNA-protein complexes with various enzymatic and structural activities. A number of ncRNAs are processed in an mRNA-like manner; consequently, they undergo splicing and have poly(A ...
Rolling circle transcription on smallest size double stranded DNA
... The tensegrity triangle is a rigid DNA motif made up from three interlocked DNA helixes whose high stiffness is derived from a combination of internal tension and stretching stresses. The three corners of the triangle are made up of four branch junctions, two branches forming the edges while the oth ...
... The tensegrity triangle is a rigid DNA motif made up from three interlocked DNA helixes whose high stiffness is derived from a combination of internal tension and stretching stresses. The three corners of the triangle are made up of four branch junctions, two branches forming the edges while the oth ...
NTPase/helicase of Flaviviridae: inhibitors and inhibition of the
... RNA nucleoside triphosphatases (NTPase)/helicases represent a large family of proteins that are ubiquitously distributed over a wide range of organisms. The enzymes play essential role in cell development and differentiation, and some of them are involved in transcription and replication of viral si ...
... RNA nucleoside triphosphatases (NTPase)/helicases represent a large family of proteins that are ubiquitously distributed over a wide range of organisms. The enzymes play essential role in cell development and differentiation, and some of them are involved in transcription and replication of viral si ...
Predicting tRNA and tmRNA genes Aragorn - SEA
... Predicting tRNA and tmRNA genes Revised December 1, 2016 ...
... Predicting tRNA and tmRNA genes Revised December 1, 2016 ...
Predicting_tRNA_and_tmRNA_genes_12-2-16
... Predicting tRNA and tmRNA genes Revised December 1, 2016 ...
... Predicting tRNA and tmRNA genes Revised December 1, 2016 ...
Uric acid
... catabolism of purine and pyrimidine. 3. Outline the sequence of reactions in de novo and salvage and the conversion of IMP to AMP or GMP, and UMP to CTP or TMP. 4. Understand the mechanism of anticancer drugs and allopurinol in treating gout. ...
... catabolism of purine and pyrimidine. 3. Outline the sequence of reactions in de novo and salvage and the conversion of IMP to AMP or GMP, and UMP to CTP or TMP. 4. Understand the mechanism of anticancer drugs and allopurinol in treating gout. ...
Ribosomal RNA Secondary Structure
... ubiquitous presence and relative conservation of many rDNA nucleotide sequences throughout life (reviewed in Hillis and Dixon 199 1). However, the functional importance of rRNA also places constraints on phylogenetic analyses. rRNA forms a distinct secondary structure as part of the formation and fu ...
... ubiquitous presence and relative conservation of many rDNA nucleotide sequences throughout life (reviewed in Hillis and Dixon 199 1). However, the functional importance of rRNA also places constraints on phylogenetic analyses. rRNA forms a distinct secondary structure as part of the formation and fu ...
Chapter 12 Translation and the Genetic Code
... Hydrogen bondsbetween a hydrogen atom in a polar covalent bond & a second electronegative atom Ionic bondselectrostatic interaction two oppositely charged ions van der Waals interactionsinteractions between dipoles (requires close proximity and specific orientation) ...
... Hydrogen bondsbetween a hydrogen atom in a polar covalent bond & a second electronegative atom Ionic bondselectrostatic interaction two oppositely charged ions van der Waals interactionsinteractions between dipoles (requires close proximity and specific orientation) ...
The Protein Cevalently Linked to the 5'... of Poliovirus RNA by Victor Robert Ambros
... D. Kinetics of removal of VPg from poliovirus RNA in Hela cell extracts........................................ 84 E. Release of VPg from polio RNA in other cell extracts..... 88 F. Glycerol gradient sedimentation of Hela unlinking activity.................................................. 91 G. Mag ...
... D. Kinetics of removal of VPg from poliovirus RNA in Hela cell extracts........................................ 84 E. Release of VPg from polio RNA in other cell extracts..... 88 F. Glycerol gradient sedimentation of Hela unlinking activity.................................................. 91 G. Mag ...
Higher order structural effects stabilizing the
... molecules (12). These results are consistent with experiments indicating a reduced stability of the W:W trans geometry for the G:C pair. For example, it has been shown that the introduction of G:C W:W trans base pairs in all A-T parallel strand DNA duplexes, characterized by W:W trans base pairs (31 ...
... molecules (12). These results are consistent with experiments indicating a reduced stability of the W:W trans geometry for the G:C pair. For example, it has been shown that the introduction of G:C W:W trans base pairs in all A-T parallel strand DNA duplexes, characterized by W:W trans base pairs (31 ...
RNA
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule implicated in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes. RNA and DNA are nucleic acids, and, along with proteins and carbohydrates, constitute the three major macromolecules essential for all known forms of life. Like DNA, RNA is assembled as a chain of nucleotides, but unlike DNA it is more often found in nature as a single-strand folded onto itself, rather than a paired double-strand. Cellular organisms use messenger RNA (mRNA) to convey genetic information (using the letters G, U, A, and C to denote the nitrogenous bases guanine, uracil, adenine, and cytosine) that directs synthesis of specific proteins. Many viruses encode their genetic information using an RNA genome.Some RNA molecules play an active role within cells by catalyzing biological reactions, controlling gene expression, or sensing and communicating responses to cellular signals. One of these active processes is protein synthesis, a universal function whereby mRNA molecules direct the assembly of proteins on ribosomes. This process uses transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules to deliver amino acids to the ribosome, where ribosomal RNA (rRNA) links amino acids together to form proteins.