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... Usually there’s a free amino end and a free carboxyl end: H3N+-CHR-CO-(peptide)n-NH-COO Cyclic peptides do occur Cyclization doesn’t happen at the ribosome: it involves a separate, ...
... Usually there’s a free amino end and a free carboxyl end: H3N+-CHR-CO-(peptide)n-NH-COO Cyclic peptides do occur Cyclization doesn’t happen at the ribosome: it involves a separate, ...
Plasma free amino acid profiles of canine mammary gland tumors
... both the NM and M animals, plasma EAA concentrations were lower than those of the control group, and the EAA levels of the M group were lower than those of the NM group. The levels of plasma NEAAs were significantly decreased in the NM and M groups compared to those of the control dogs. NEAA levels ...
... both the NM and M animals, plasma EAA concentrations were lower than those of the control group, and the EAA levels of the M group were lower than those of the NM group. The levels of plasma NEAAs were significantly decreased in the NM and M groups compared to those of the control dogs. NEAA levels ...
Introduction to Carbohydrates
... The digestion of proteins begins in the stomach, which secretes gastric juice—a unique solution containing hydrochloric acid and the proenzyme, pepsinogen. Hydrochloric acid: Stomach acid is too dilute (pH 2–3) to hydrolyze proteins. The acid functions instead to kill some bacteria and to denatu ...
... The digestion of proteins begins in the stomach, which secretes gastric juice—a unique solution containing hydrochloric acid and the proenzyme, pepsinogen. Hydrochloric acid: Stomach acid is too dilute (pH 2–3) to hydrolyze proteins. The acid functions instead to kill some bacteria and to denatu ...
Validation of an HPLC method for the determination of
... second procedure, with a shorter hydrolysis time and hydrolysate evaporation under a stream of nitrogen, amino acid quantification was very good (Fig. 2). This is also supported by the chromatogram obtained for the standard amino acid mixture (Fig. 3). The shorter period of hydrolysis and better qua ...
... second procedure, with a shorter hydrolysis time and hydrolysate evaporation under a stream of nitrogen, amino acid quantification was very good (Fig. 2). This is also supported by the chromatogram obtained for the standard amino acid mixture (Fig. 3). The shorter period of hydrolysis and better qua ...
Absorption of Amino Acids from an Amino Acid
... of casein made up of approximately 66% small peptides of 2-3 amino acid residues and 34% free amino acids (Crampton et al., 1971), or (2) an equivalent amino acid mixture simulating the composition of casein (Ling, Kon & Porter, 1961). Both solutions containing a-aminonitrogen (40 mmol/ I) were made ...
... of casein made up of approximately 66% small peptides of 2-3 amino acid residues and 34% free amino acids (Crampton et al., 1971), or (2) an equivalent amino acid mixture simulating the composition of casein (Ling, Kon & Porter, 1961). Both solutions containing a-aminonitrogen (40 mmol/ I) were made ...
Determination of Amino Acids in Wort and Beer by Reverse
... temperature (approximately 21° C). The schedule used for eluants is shown in Table I. Quantitation. Detector conditions were: photomultiplier switch, X 10; exit to recorder, 10 mV; range, X 2. A 16-fold attenuation was utilized for wort in the integrator, and fourfold attenuation for beer. The peak ...
... temperature (approximately 21° C). The schedule used for eluants is shown in Table I. Quantitation. Detector conditions were: photomultiplier switch, X 10; exit to recorder, 10 mV; range, X 2. A 16-fold attenuation was utilized for wort in the integrator, and fourfold attenuation for beer. The peak ...
Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
... In nature, when two enantiomers exist, usually only one is synthesized and used by cells. In the case of the amino acids, only the L configuration exists in nature and is used by cells. Some bacteria and fungi synthesize and use D configuration amino acids. The molecules synthesized with these D-for ...
... In nature, when two enantiomers exist, usually only one is synthesized and used by cells. In the case of the amino acids, only the L configuration exists in nature and is used by cells. Some bacteria and fungi synthesize and use D configuration amino acids. The molecules synthesized with these D-for ...
NITROGEN METABOLISM: An Overview
... What major stages are involved in conversion of Nitrogen in Amino Acids to Urea in Ureotelic organisms? ...
... What major stages are involved in conversion of Nitrogen in Amino Acids to Urea in Ureotelic organisms? ...
SHORT COMMUNICATION DETERMINATION OF AMINO ACIDS
... Cys (0.2 mg/g), His (0.2 mg/g). The analyzed RJ samples were not rich in FAAs. The FAA content ranged from 5.5 to 6.2 mg/g of RJ. The relative standard deviation (RSD %) of the amino acids was acceptable for the FAAs and ranged from 1 to 3%. As has been reported by Liming et al. [15], the average co ...
... Cys (0.2 mg/g), His (0.2 mg/g). The analyzed RJ samples were not rich in FAAs. The FAA content ranged from 5.5 to 6.2 mg/g of RJ. The relative standard deviation (RSD %) of the amino acids was acceptable for the FAAs and ranged from 1 to 3%. As has been reported by Liming et al. [15], the average co ...
9-Amino Acids and Proteins
... which means that the amino group is attached to the alpha carbon (the carbon next to the carboxyl group). There are 20 amino acids that differ from each other only in the identity of the side chain attached to the alpha-carbon. The amino acid side chains can be classified based on whether they are n ...
... which means that the amino group is attached to the alpha carbon (the carbon next to the carboxyl group). There are 20 amino acids that differ from each other only in the identity of the side chain attached to the alpha-carbon. The amino acid side chains can be classified based on whether they are n ...
Expt 9-Amino Acids and Proteins
... which means that the amino group is attached to the alpha carbon (the carbon next to the carboxyl group). There are 20 amino acids that differ from each other only in the identity of the side chain attached to the alpha-carbon. The amino acid side chains can be classified based on whether they are n ...
... which means that the amino group is attached to the alpha carbon (the carbon next to the carboxyl group). There are 20 amino acids that differ from each other only in the identity of the side chain attached to the alpha-carbon. The amino acid side chains can be classified based on whether they are n ...
Amino acid composition of the aerial part of G. pratense L., G
... july-august of 2011. The aerial part of G. pratense and G. palustre was harvested in Pudost’ of Gatchinskiy district. The raw material of G. sylvaticum was collected beside Lembolovo of Vsevolozhskiy district. The aerial parts of G. pratense, G. sylvaticum, G. palustre included dried leaves, collect ...
... july-august of 2011. The aerial part of G. pratense and G. palustre was harvested in Pudost’ of Gatchinskiy district. The raw material of G. sylvaticum was collected beside Lembolovo of Vsevolozhskiy district. The aerial parts of G. pratense, G. sylvaticum, G. palustre included dried leaves, collect ...
Amino acid profile of organically grown alternative agricultural
... important role in human nutrition. The amino acid content, their proportions and digestibility by humans define protein’s biological value (Joint FAO/WHO/UNU, 1981). Proteins consist of 20 amino acids, but the most important are essential amino acids which the human body needs to gain from food. Acc ...
... important role in human nutrition. The amino acid content, their proportions and digestibility by humans define protein’s biological value (Joint FAO/WHO/UNU, 1981). Proteins consist of 20 amino acids, but the most important are essential amino acids which the human body needs to gain from food. Acc ...
Publication: Amino acid profile of organically grown alternative
... important role in human nutrition. The amino acid content, their proportions and digestibility by humans define protein’s biological value (Joint FAO/WHO/UNU, 1981). Proteins consist of 20 amino acids, but the most important are essential amino acids which the human body needs to gain from food. Acc ...
... important role in human nutrition. The amino acid content, their proportions and digestibility by humans define protein’s biological value (Joint FAO/WHO/UNU, 1981). Proteins consist of 20 amino acids, but the most important are essential amino acids which the human body needs to gain from food. Acc ...
документ
... The results on adaptation testified, that the generation time for adapted bacteria was approximately the same as in the control (1) despite the two-fold increase of the lag-phase (Table, Expt. 10’). The yield of microbial biomass and level of phenylalanine production for adapted bacteria on maximal ...
... The results on adaptation testified, that the generation time for adapted bacteria was approximately the same as in the control (1) despite the two-fold increase of the lag-phase (Table, Expt. 10’). The yield of microbial biomass and level of phenylalanine production for adapted bacteria on maximal ...
Amino Acids - Rose
... 3. Amino acids are the primary building blocks for proteins. Definition: an amino acid is an organic compound containing an amino group and an acidic group (usually, but not always, a carboxylic acid). This description fits a very large number of compounds, most of which are non-physiological. In ad ...
... 3. Amino acids are the primary building blocks for proteins. Definition: an amino acid is an organic compound containing an amino group and an acidic group (usually, but not always, a carboxylic acid). This description fits a very large number of compounds, most of which are non-physiological. In ad ...
Chapter 2: Aqueous Soln` H
... occurs when O2 is taken up from the alveoli of the lungs and the CO2 is expelled. All of the processes of the transport of CO2 and O2 are not shown such as the formation and ionization of carbonic acid in the plasma. The latter is a major mechanism for the transport of CO2 to the lungs, i.e. in the ...
... occurs when O2 is taken up from the alveoli of the lungs and the CO2 is expelled. All of the processes of the transport of CO2 and O2 are not shown such as the formation and ionization of carbonic acid in the plasma. The latter is a major mechanism for the transport of CO2 to the lungs, i.e. in the ...
Amino acid
Amino acids (/əˈmiːnoʊ, ˈæmənoʊ, əˈmaɪnoʊ/) are biologically important organic compounds containing amine (-NH2) and carboxylic acid (-COOH) functional groups, usually along with a side-chain specific to each amino acid. The key elements of an amino acid are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, though other elements are found in the side-chains of certain amino acids. About 500 amino acids are known and can be classified in many ways. They can be classified according to the core structural functional groups' locations as alpha- (α-), beta- (β-), gamma- (γ-) or delta- (δ-) amino acids; other categories relate to polarity, pH level, and side-chain group type (aliphatic, acyclic, aromatic, containing hydroxyl or sulfur, etc.). In the form of proteins, amino acids comprise the second-largest component (water is the largest) of human muscles, cells and other tissues. Outside proteins, amino acids perform critical roles in processes such as neurotransmitter transport and biosynthesis.In biochemistry, amino acids having both the amine and the carboxylic acid groups attached to the first (alpha-) carbon atom have particular importance. They are known as 2-, alpha-, or α-amino acids (generic formula H2NCHRCOOH in most cases, where R is an organic substituent known as a ""side-chain""); often the term ""amino acid"" is used to refer specifically to these. They include the 22 proteinogenic (""protein-building"") amino acids, which combine into peptide chains (""polypeptides"") to form the building-blocks of a vast array of proteins. These are all L-stereoisomers (""left-handed"" isomers), although a few D-amino acids (""right-handed"") occur in bacterial envelopes and some antibiotics. Twenty of the proteinogenic amino acids are encoded directly by triplet codons in the genetic code and are known as ""standard"" amino acids. The other three (""non-standard"" or ""non-canonical"") are selenocysteine (present in many noneukaryotes as well as most eukaryotes, but not coded directly by DNA), pyrrolysine (found only in some archea and one bacterium) and N-formylmethionine (which is often the initial amino acid of proteins in bacteria, mitochondria, and chloroplasts). Pyrrolysine and selenocysteine are encoded via variant codons; for example, selenocysteine is encoded by stop codon and SECIS element. Codon–tRNA combinations not found in nature can also be used to ""expand"" the genetic code and create novel proteins known as alloproteins incorporating non-proteinogenic amino acids.Many important proteinogenic and non-proteinogenic amino acids also play critical non-protein roles within the body. For example, in the human brain, glutamate (standard glutamic acid) and gamma-amino-butyric acid (""GABA"", non-standard gamma-amino acid) are, respectively, the main excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters; hydroxyproline (a major component of the connective tissue collagen) is synthesised from proline; the standard amino acid glycine is used to synthesise porphyrins used in red blood cells; and the non-standard carnitine is used in lipid transport.Nine proteinogenic amino acids are called ""essential"" for humans because they cannot be created from other compounds by the human body and, so, must be taken in as food. Others may be conditionally essential for certain ages or medical conditions. Essential amino acids may also differ between species.Because of their biological significance, amino acids are important in nutrition and are commonly used in nutritional supplements, fertilizers, and food technology. Industrial uses include the production of drugs, biodegradable plastics, and chiral catalysts.