Models of Attentional Learning - Indiana University Bloomington
... natural to suppose that the learned attention should perseverate into subsequent training even if the dimension values and/or the category assignments change. In particular, if the same dimension remains relevant after the change, then relearning should be easier than if a different dimension become ...
... natural to suppose that the learned attention should perseverate into subsequent training even if the dimension values and/or the category assignments change. In particular, if the same dimension remains relevant after the change, then relearning should be easier than if a different dimension become ...
Automatic and Voluntary Shifts of Attention in a Dynamic Neural... the Dimensional Change Card Sort Task
... More recently there has been a growing interest in using such tasks as an index of neural functioning. Specifically, these tasks have been linked to developmental changes in the prefrontal cortex as well as other brain regions (Crone et al., 2006) and have been used to explore cognitive deficits ...
... More recently there has been a growing interest in using such tasks as an index of neural functioning. Specifically, these tasks have been linked to developmental changes in the prefrontal cortex as well as other brain regions (Crone et al., 2006) and have been used to explore cognitive deficits ...
Finding a face in the crowd: parallel and serial neural mechanisms
... target features as proposed by parallel models of visual search (Cave and Wolfe, 1990; Desimone and Duncan, 1995). For example, when searching for a red cross among red circles, green crosses, and green circles, we should see evidence for enhancement of responses and/or synchrony when the RF stimulu ...
... target features as proposed by parallel models of visual search (Cave and Wolfe, 1990; Desimone and Duncan, 1995). For example, when searching for a red cross among red circles, green crosses, and green circles, we should see evidence for enhancement of responses and/or synchrony when the RF stimulu ...
The role of early visual cortex in visual integration: a neural model of
... mechanism that can be implemented by the early retinotopic visual areas. On the other hand, when both target and distractors are composed of similar elementary features, the amount of time required to distinguish between them increases linearly with the number of distractors. This is said to suggest ...
... mechanism that can be implemented by the early retinotopic visual areas. On the other hand, when both target and distractors are composed of similar elementary features, the amount of time required to distinguish between them increases linearly with the number of distractors. This is said to suggest ...
Frontal Eye Field Neurons Reflect Covert, Serial Shifts of Attention
... these serial covert shifts of attention are directed by the FEF. It also suggests that neuron population oscillations may regulate the timing of cognitive processing. ...
... these serial covert shifts of attention are directed by the FEF. It also suggests that neuron population oscillations may regulate the timing of cognitive processing. ...
Simulating the Fröhlich Effect of Motion Misperception as a Result... Attentional Modulation in the Visual System
... 1992; Müsseler, Stork, & Kerzel, 2002; Neumann & Müsseler, 1990). Neumann's Asynchronous Updating Model is based on only a few plain assumptions. It states that the stimulus onset triggers an attention shift towards its location. During the shift the stimulus moves, and because the stimulus can only ...
... 1992; Müsseler, Stork, & Kerzel, 2002; Neumann & Müsseler, 1990). Neumann's Asynchronous Updating Model is based on only a few plain assumptions. It states that the stimulus onset triggers an attention shift towards its location. During the shift the stimulus moves, and because the stimulus can only ...
Modulation of attentional inhibition by norepinephrine and cortisol
... One important way in which stress may affect attention is through inhibitory mechanisms. The negative priming ŽNP. paradigm is designed to assess the role of inhibition in selective attention ŽTipper, 1985.. NP is structurally similar to the phenomenon of latent inhibition ŽLubow, 1973. and involves ...
... One important way in which stress may affect attention is through inhibitory mechanisms. The negative priming ŽNP. paradigm is designed to assess the role of inhibition in selective attention ŽTipper, 1985.. NP is structurally similar to the phenomenon of latent inhibition ŽLubow, 1973. and involves ...
Attention induces synchronization-based response gain in steady
... coherence of neural population responses might provide a mechanism that is especially effective for increasing the salience of high-contrast stimuli. This would complement the attentional modulations of neuronal spike rates, which may be potentially limited by response saturation at high contrast. O ...
... coherence of neural population responses might provide a mechanism that is especially effective for increasing the salience of high-contrast stimuli. This would complement the attentional modulations of neuronal spike rates, which may be potentially limited by response saturation at high contrast. O ...
Differential effects of 10-Hz and 40
... found that the distribution of gamma power following an attention-directing cue was maximal over parieto-occipital sites. The range of frequencies included within the gamma band is quite large, however, and Vidal, Chaumon, O’Regan, and TallonBaudry (2006) found evidence that visual grouping and sele ...
... found that the distribution of gamma power following an attention-directing cue was maximal over parieto-occipital sites. The range of frequencies included within the gamma band is quite large, however, and Vidal, Chaumon, O’Regan, and TallonBaudry (2006) found evidence that visual grouping and sele ...
Superior Colliculus and Visual Spatial Attention
... 2004, Fecteau et al. 2004). These results support the view that activity in the SC reflects both the stimulus-driven and top-down factors that regulate spatial attention and saccade selection (Fecteau & Munoz 2006). Although SC activity may have been restricted to spatial attention associated with ey ...
... 2004, Fecteau et al. 2004). These results support the view that activity in the SC reflects both the stimulus-driven and top-down factors that regulate spatial attention and saccade selection (Fecteau & Munoz 2006). Although SC activity may have been restricted to spatial attention associated with ey ...
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... issues that arise from such a network. To verify the mechanisms that are required for both design and understanding, in the results presented, we limit the complexity of “where” and “what” outputs, The following technical characteristics required by developmental learning make such work challenging: ...
... issues that arise from such a network. To verify the mechanisms that are required for both design and understanding, in the results presented, we limit the complexity of “where” and “what” outputs, The following technical characteristics required by developmental learning make such work challenging: ...
reviews - Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences
... perspective is a recent study by Lee et al.33 that measured PSYCHOPHYSICAL THRESHOLDS for three simple pattern-discrimination tasks (contrast, orientation and spatial-frequency discriminations) and two spatialmasking tasks (32 thresholds in total). A dual-task paradigm was used to measure thresholds ...
... perspective is a recent study by Lee et al.33 that measured PSYCHOPHYSICAL THRESHOLDS for three simple pattern-discrimination tasks (contrast, orientation and spatial-frequency discriminations) and two spatialmasking tasks (32 thresholds in total). A dual-task paradigm was used to measure thresholds ...
Interactions between attention, context and learning in primary
... Fig. 1. Facilitation in detection and responses to a target line by a collinear flanking line. (A) Subjects were asked to report the presence of a line presented in the near periphery (at 4° eccentricity) at a range of luminances, when presented in isolation and in conjunction with a flanking line. ...
... Fig. 1. Facilitation in detection and responses to a target line by a collinear flanking line. (A) Subjects were asked to report the presence of a line presented in the near periphery (at 4° eccentricity) at a range of luminances, when presented in isolation and in conjunction with a flanking line. ...
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... position-based and object-based) and recognition. Rather than the simulations of fMRI data, the engineering performance of recognition rate and attended spatial locations are presented in the experiment. However, the bottom-up featurebased attention was missing in the network, and limited complexity ...
... position-based and object-based) and recognition. Rather than the simulations of fMRI data, the engineering performance of recognition rate and attended spatial locations are presented in the experiment. However, the bottom-up featurebased attention was missing in the network, and limited complexity ...
A multi-level account of selective attention
... Neural information processing systems must overcome a series of bottlenecks that interrupt the sequence of events between sensory input and motor output. First, the sensory neurons that encode external stimuli are noisy. As a result, an identical stimulus will evoke a slightly different response pat ...
... Neural information processing systems must overcome a series of bottlenecks that interrupt the sequence of events between sensory input and motor output. First, the sensory neurons that encode external stimuli are noisy. As a result, an identical stimulus will evoke a slightly different response pat ...
An Extended Model for Stimulus Onset Asynchrony (SOA) in Stroop
... Experiments on Stimulus Onset Asynchrony (SOA) investigated the time course of the Stoop effect [9] [11]. For example, Glaser and Glaser [11] presented words and colors with a set of target-first and distractor-first SOAs (Fig. 1b and c). In their configuration, the words were presented in white on ...
... Experiments on Stimulus Onset Asynchrony (SOA) investigated the time course of the Stoop effect [9] [11]. For example, Glaser and Glaser [11] presented words and colors with a set of target-first and distractor-first SOAs (Fig. 1b and c). In their configuration, the words were presented in white on ...
An oscillation-based model for the neuronal basis
... range. We have also investigated to what extent temporal tagging can be achieved by synchronizing the firing rate of a group of neurons without any need to invoke oscillations (Niebur & Koch, 1993). These models lead to experimentally testable predictions. We have also to assure that our model is co ...
... range. We have also investigated to what extent temporal tagging can be achieved by synchronizing the firing rate of a group of neurons without any need to invoke oscillations (Niebur & Koch, 1993). These models lead to experimentally testable predictions. We have also to assure that our model is co ...
Slide 1 - Elsevier Store
... physical conspicuity of objects in the receptive field. An LIP neuron responds strongly when a visual stimulus is flashed in its receptive field (left). The same neuron does not respond if the physically identical stimulus is stable in the world and enters the receptive field by virtue of the monkey ...
... physical conspicuity of objects in the receptive field. An LIP neuron responds strongly when a visual stimulus is flashed in its receptive field (left). The same neuron does not respond if the physically identical stimulus is stable in the world and enters the receptive field by virtue of the monkey ...
Attention as a decision in information space
... results in devastating behavioral and psychiatric disorders. Thus, understanding the neuronal mechanisms of decision formation is a central goal of cognitive neuroscience. In recent years, significant progress in the study of decision formation was made possible by the development of behavioral task ...
... results in devastating behavioral and psychiatric disorders. Thus, understanding the neuronal mechanisms of decision formation is a central goal of cognitive neuroscience. In recent years, significant progress in the study of decision formation was made possible by the development of behavioral task ...
A coincidence detector neural network model of selective attention
... characteristics. In one of Lavie’s studies participants were asked to determine whether a presented stimulus was the letter x or the letter z. In one condition, termed the highload, the letter was flanked by 5 other letters. In another condition, termed the low-load condition, the target was present ...
... characteristics. In one of Lavie’s studies participants were asked to determine whether a presented stimulus was the letter x or the letter z. In one condition, termed the highload, the letter was flanked by 5 other letters. In another condition, termed the low-load condition, the target was present ...
FIGURE LEGENDS FIGURE 46.1 Lateral viewof a human brain
... its response. In the right panel the monkey executes the instructed saccade. The neural response remains high until after the eye movement. FIGURE 46.7 A salience representation can be viewed as an intermediate representation that interacts with multiple behavioral systems (visual, motor, cognitive ...
... its response. In the right panel the monkey executes the instructed saccade. The neural response remains high until after the eye movement. FIGURE 46.7 A salience representation can be viewed as an intermediate representation that interacts with multiple behavioral systems (visual, motor, cognitive ...
Neural correlates of attention in primate visual cortex
... endowed the nervous system with mechanisms to control the flow of information, only a small fraction of our processing capabilities could be devoted to crucial aspects of the incoming sensory signals. The development of a fovea, combined with the ability to make fast and accurate eye movements are a ...
... endowed the nervous system with mechanisms to control the flow of information, only a small fraction of our processing capabilities could be devoted to crucial aspects of the incoming sensory signals. The development of a fovea, combined with the ability to make fast and accurate eye movements are a ...
Attention
Attention is the behavioral and cognitive process of selectively concentrating on a discrete aspect of information, whether deemed subjective or objective, while ignoring other perceivable information. Attention has also been referred to as the allocation of limited processing resources.Attention remains a major area of investigation within education, psychology, neuroscience, cognitive neuroscience, and neuropsychology. Areas of active investigation involve determining the source of the sensory cues and signals that generate attention, the effects of these sensory cues and signals on the tuning properties of sensory neurons, and the relationship between attention and other behavioral and cognitive processes like working memory and vigilance. A relatively new body of research, which expands upon earlier research within neuropsychology, is investigating the diagnostic symptoms associated with traumatic brain injuries and their effects on attention. Attention also varies across cultures.The relationships between attention and consciousness are complex enough that they have warranted perennial philosophical exploration. Such exploration is both ancient and continually relevant, as it can have effects in fields ranging from mental health and the study of disorders of consciousness to artificial intelligence and its domains of research and development.