Auditory Pathways and Processes
... signals (including dichotic listening), and (g) auditory performance with degraded acoustic signals (e.g., speech in noise). An auditory processing disorder (APD) is present when an individual has significant difficulty in one or more of these processing mechanisms as demonstrated by abnormal perfor ...
... signals (including dichotic listening), and (g) auditory performance with degraded acoustic signals (e.g., speech in noise). An auditory processing disorder (APD) is present when an individual has significant difficulty in one or more of these processing mechanisms as demonstrated by abnormal perfor ...
Hands Up: Attentional Prioritization of Space Near the Hand
... not respond to a visual stimulus in the same retinotopic position but will respond to a visual stimulus presented near the hand’s new location. Thus, these neurons are said to represent the position of stimuli relative to the hand. In other words, they represent an object’s position in hand-centered ...
... not respond to a visual stimulus in the same retinotopic position but will respond to a visual stimulus presented near the hand’s new location. Thus, these neurons are said to represent the position of stimuli relative to the hand. In other words, they represent an object’s position in hand-centered ...
Abstract of “Primate frontal eye fields mediate spatial attention in
... in performance accuracy and decreases in reaction time for detection and discrimination of stimuli presented at the attended location (Pashler 1998). This thesis will concentrate on exploring the neural basis of spatial attention in the primate frontal eye fields. ...
... in performance accuracy and decreases in reaction time for detection and discrimination of stimuli presented at the attended location (Pashler 1998). This thesis will concentrate on exploring the neural basis of spatial attention in the primate frontal eye fields. ...
Information processing in the cortex: The relevance of coherent oscillations for neuronal communication
... for excitatory neurons and I for inhibitory ones). Several different (and sometimes reduced) cases of this type of network have been studied. Eeckman & Freeman (1990) developed a model for induced rhythms in olfactory structures, in which synchronous oscillation was generated by a feedback loop betw ...
... for excitatory neurons and I for inhibitory ones). Several different (and sometimes reduced) cases of this type of network have been studied. Eeckman & Freeman (1990) developed a model for induced rhythms in olfactory structures, in which synchronous oscillation was generated by a feedback loop betw ...
The Effects of Short-term and Long-term Learning on the Responses
... Abstract ■ The lateral intraparietal area (LIP) is thought to play an ...
... Abstract ■ The lateral intraparietal area (LIP) is thought to play an ...
Within-hemifield perceptual averaging of facial expressions
... about 14 spikes/sec (an average of 20 spikes/sec and 8 spikes/sec) when both patterns are simultaneously presented within its receptive field. We investigated whether this neural averaging prevalent in high-level ventral visual processing results in perceptual averaging of complex visual features. W ...
... about 14 spikes/sec (an average of 20 spikes/sec and 8 spikes/sec) when both patterns are simultaneously presented within its receptive field. We investigated whether this neural averaging prevalent in high-level ventral visual processing results in perceptual averaging of complex visual features. W ...
Chapter 3 Overlapping circuits for relative value and selective
... not yet been investigated. Here we wished to gain insight into the effects of reward expectancy on neuronal activity in area V1 of macaque monkeys. Moreover, we aimed to investigate the relation between reward expectancy and attention (Maunsell, 2004). The effects of attention are as widespread acro ...
... not yet been investigated. Here we wished to gain insight into the effects of reward expectancy on neuronal activity in area V1 of macaque monkeys. Moreover, we aimed to investigate the relation between reward expectancy and attention (Maunsell, 2004). The effects of attention are as widespread acro ...
Selective attention through selective neuronal synchronization
... cortex have receptive fields that span much of a visual field and respond selectively to complex objects composed of simpler visual features. Part of this selectivity arises from their broad and convergent anatomical input from neurons in earlier processing stages having smaller receptive fields and ...
... cortex have receptive fields that span much of a visual field and respond selectively to complex objects composed of simpler visual features. Part of this selectivity arises from their broad and convergent anatomical input from neurons in earlier processing stages having smaller receptive fields and ...
PDF
... of these correlations. If an amygdala neuron merely represents motivational significance then correlations between amygdala activity and reaction times would have the same sign regardless of the location of the saccade target. Increased activity, for example, would predict shorter reaction times for ...
... of these correlations. If an amygdala neuron merely represents motivational significance then correlations between amygdala activity and reaction times would have the same sign regardless of the location of the saccade target. Increased activity, for example, would predict shorter reaction times for ...
Chapter 29 - krigolson teaching
... with the decreased response of neurons in area V1 (see Chapter 25). Large eye movements direct the fovea from one object to another. These movements or saccades bring the high resolution of the fovea to bear on different regions of the visual field, exploiting the high density of photoreceptors in t ...
... with the decreased response of neurons in area V1 (see Chapter 25). Large eye movements direct the fovea from one object to another. These movements or saccades bring the high resolution of the fovea to bear on different regions of the visual field, exploiting the high density of photoreceptors in t ...
Visual Cortex and Control Processes Stimuli in Opposite Visual
... hemifields did not influence each other within occipital visual cortex in that study, interacting only at the higher level of parietal cortex where some suppression of the response to one hemifield by addition of a concurrent stimulus in the other hemifield was found. Schwartz et al. (2005) therefor ...
... hemifields did not influence each other within occipital visual cortex in that study, interacting only at the higher level of parietal cortex where some suppression of the response to one hemifield by addition of a concurrent stimulus in the other hemifield was found. Schwartz et al. (2005) therefor ...
A Neurodynamical cortical model of visual attention and
... with different features. This process would operate for all stimulus features: colour, shape, location, etc. This process of feature selection suggests that subjects utilize top–down information (from the feature-based or object memory template) independently of stimulus location in space. The attent ...
... with different features. This process would operate for all stimulus features: colour, shape, location, etc. This process of feature selection suggests that subjects utilize top–down information (from the feature-based or object memory template) independently of stimulus location in space. The attent ...
Modulation of Inhibition of Return by the Dopamine D2 Receptor
... dopamine (DA) in both involuntary attention and IOR. DA is involved in a variety of cognitive functions, and 3 lines of evidence suggest that it also modulates IOR. First, patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), a disease characterized by reduced dopaminergic transmission in the striatum, have reduc ...
... dopamine (DA) in both involuntary attention and IOR. DA is involved in a variety of cognitive functions, and 3 lines of evidence suggest that it also modulates IOR. First, patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), a disease characterized by reduced dopaminergic transmission in the striatum, have reduc ...
The time course of selective visual attention: theory and experiments
... visual field extracting single primitive features without integrating them. The second attentive stage corresponds to the specialized integration of information from a limited part of the field at any one time, i.e. serially. The psychophysical evidence for this theory originates mainly from visual se ...
... visual field extracting single primitive features without integrating them. The second attentive stage corresponds to the specialized integration of information from a limited part of the field at any one time, i.e. serially. The psychophysical evidence for this theory originates mainly from visual se ...
Effect of Spatial Attention on the Responses of Area MT Neurons
... behavioral contexts. In contrast to bottom-up processes, which are involuntary, top-down processes involve a voluntary selection mechanism that can be flexibly directed to different stimuli in the same visual scene depending on current behavioral demands. A key question raised by psychophysical stud ...
... behavioral contexts. In contrast to bottom-up processes, which are involuntary, top-down processes involve a voluntary selection mechanism that can be flexibly directed to different stimuli in the same visual scene depending on current behavioral demands. A key question raised by psychophysical stud ...
do simultaneously presented visual and auditory
... How do the quality and quantity of recalled memory and comprehension differ when auditory and visual stimuli convey the same or different types of information? Does auditory or visual stimuli tend to attract more of our attention while, for example, watching TV, or attending a meeting or class? Coul ...
... How do the quality and quantity of recalled memory and comprehension differ when auditory and visual stimuli convey the same or different types of information? Does auditory or visual stimuli tend to attract more of our attention while, for example, watching TV, or attending a meeting or class? Coul ...
A Neural Theory of Visual Attention
... an object is represented increases with the behavioral importance of the object (parallel processing with differential allocation of resources). More specifically, the probability that a cortical neuron represents a particular object within its classical receptive field (RF) equals the attentional w ...
... an object is represented increases with the behavioral importance of the object (parallel processing with differential allocation of resources). More specifically, the probability that a cortical neuron represents a particular object within its classical receptive field (RF) equals the attentional w ...
The parietal cortex and episodic memory: an
... Because patients with parietal lobe damage do not show retrograde or anterograde amnesia, few investigators have assessed memory in these patients. Thus, subtle episodic-memory deficits may have been overlooked. A recent study of the effects of parietal lobe damage on autobiographical memory and epi ...
... Because patients with parietal lobe damage do not show retrograde or anterograde amnesia, few investigators have assessed memory in these patients. Thus, subtle episodic-memory deficits may have been overlooked. A recent study of the effects of parietal lobe damage on autobiographical memory and epi ...
The Emergence of Selective Attention through - laral
... The obtained results demonstrate for the first time, to our knowledge, that selective attention can emerge in a neural network model as a result of the regularities present in the training data. It does not necessarily depend on the mutual inhibitory connections between representation of alternative ...
... The obtained results demonstrate for the first time, to our knowledge, that selective attention can emerge in a neural network model as a result of the regularities present in the training data. It does not necessarily depend on the mutual inhibitory connections between representation of alternative ...
Delirium
... • If you got one, look at it (brain size, vasculopathy, hippocampal atrophy, ventricolomegaly) • If you are completely unsure, then EEG is helpful but rarely needed ...
... • If you got one, look at it (brain size, vasculopathy, hippocampal atrophy, ventricolomegaly) • If you are completely unsure, then EEG is helpful but rarely needed ...
Executive function and PTSD: Disengaging from trauma Robin L. Aupperle
... Samuelson et al., 2006; Leskin and White, 2007). Research has also failed to identify impairments in visual attention and working memory associated with PTSD (Samuelson et al., 2006; Jenkins et al., 2000). Therefore, it seems there is evidence, albeit inconsistent, that mild deficits in simple audito ...
... Samuelson et al., 2006; Leskin and White, 2007). Research has also failed to identify impairments in visual attention and working memory associated with PTSD (Samuelson et al., 2006; Jenkins et al., 2000). Therefore, it seems there is evidence, albeit inconsistent, that mild deficits in simple audito ...
View PDF - Laboratory of Brain, Hearing and Behavior
... of the difference in the relative strengths of competing stimuli (discrimination difficulty) [27!!]. Green data: neurons with switch-like responses. Black data: neurons with gradual responses. Peak discriminability, in each case, was based on a d’ analysis, comparing pooled responses from a conditio ...
... of the difference in the relative strengths of competing stimuli (discrimination difficulty) [27!!]. Green data: neurons with switch-like responses. Black data: neurons with gradual responses. Peak discriminability, in each case, was based on a d’ analysis, comparing pooled responses from a conditio ...
Toward a Unified Theory of Visual Area V4
... There have long been suggestions that V4 contains functional compartments. The original evidence for this idea comes from anatomical studies in which retrograde tracer injections in V4 labeled either predominantly thin stripes (associated with color) or pale stripes (associated with form) in area V2 ...
... There have long been suggestions that V4 contains functional compartments. The original evidence for this idea comes from anatomical studies in which retrograde tracer injections in V4 labeled either predominantly thin stripes (associated with color) or pale stripes (associated with form) in area V2 ...
Neuroimaging of cognitive functions in human parietal cortex Jody C
... Even a cursory review of the parietal neuroimaging literature to date suggests that perhaps the appropriate question to ask is not ‘what activates parietal cortex?’, but rather ‘what does not activate parietal cortex?’. For example, in the case of visual attention, it is enlightening to find not onl ...
... Even a cursory review of the parietal neuroimaging literature to date suggests that perhaps the appropriate question to ask is not ‘what activates parietal cortex?’, but rather ‘what does not activate parietal cortex?’. For example, in the case of visual attention, it is enlightening to find not onl ...
Attention
Attention is the behavioral and cognitive process of selectively concentrating on a discrete aspect of information, whether deemed subjective or objective, while ignoring other perceivable information. Attention has also been referred to as the allocation of limited processing resources.Attention remains a major area of investigation within education, psychology, neuroscience, cognitive neuroscience, and neuropsychology. Areas of active investigation involve determining the source of the sensory cues and signals that generate attention, the effects of these sensory cues and signals on the tuning properties of sensory neurons, and the relationship between attention and other behavioral and cognitive processes like working memory and vigilance. A relatively new body of research, which expands upon earlier research within neuropsychology, is investigating the diagnostic symptoms associated with traumatic brain injuries and their effects on attention. Attention also varies across cultures.The relationships between attention and consciousness are complex enough that they have warranted perennial philosophical exploration. Such exploration is both ancient and continually relevant, as it can have effects in fields ranging from mental health and the study of disorders of consciousness to artificial intelligence and its domains of research and development.