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... physics does not. However, it is no easy matter to limn the predictive power of a theory. If we are to accept the explanations of evolutionary psychology as superior alternatives to nonevolutionary psychology, we must be clear about what sorts of phenomena non-evolutionary psychology is capable of p ...
... physics does not. However, it is no easy matter to limn the predictive power of a theory. If we are to accept the explanations of evolutionary psychology as superior alternatives to nonevolutionary psychology, we must be clear about what sorts of phenomena non-evolutionary psychology is capable of p ...
Creating the Human Past - Paleoanthropology Society
... creating knowledge in archaeology is a completely different enterprise than any other discipline. To the reader, this comes across as contradictory: Does philosophy of science have universal governing tenants that apply to all sciences or is every discipline epistemologically complex, and archaeolog ...
... creating knowledge in archaeology is a completely different enterprise than any other discipline. To the reader, this comes across as contradictory: Does philosophy of science have universal governing tenants that apply to all sciences or is every discipline epistemologically complex, and archaeolog ...
Reference and Analysis in the Study of Time - Philsci
... explained away if the macroscopic description of the situation is replaced by a molecular description: heat phenomena (the unidirectionality of the increase of entropy) can be reduced to and redescribed as the collisions of large numbers of particles, governed by the laws of Newtonian mechanics. Th ...
... explained away if the macroscopic description of the situation is replaced by a molecular description: heat phenomena (the unidirectionality of the increase of entropy) can be reduced to and redescribed as the collisions of large numbers of particles, governed by the laws of Newtonian mechanics. Th ...
aristotle`s division of theoretical sciences1
... Even if, later, Aristotle points out the certain and indubitable point of arrival that “there must, then, be three theoretical philosophies, mathematics, natural science, and theology” (1026a18-19), there is no contradiction with the division of theoretical sciences he offers in Phys. Β 7, 198a30-32 ...
... Even if, later, Aristotle points out the certain and indubitable point of arrival that “there must, then, be three theoretical philosophies, mathematics, natural science, and theology” (1026a18-19), there is no contradiction with the division of theoretical sciences he offers in Phys. Β 7, 198a30-32 ...
madison_scholar08 - James Madison University
... [SANDWALK] To better manage this malady, the family moved sixteen miles from the bustling London to the quiet village of Downe. A regular routine helped keep the ravages of the disease at bay. Three times a day Darwin walked the sand walk at Down House, lost in thought. He was often accompanied by A ...
... [SANDWALK] To better manage this malady, the family moved sixteen miles from the bustling London to the quiet village of Downe. A regular routine helped keep the ravages of the disease at bay. Three times a day Darwin walked the sand walk at Down House, lost in thought. He was often accompanied by A ...
Cosmological Certainty - Philsci
... sufficiently tested, have admittedly the character of dogmas. . . But this kind of dogmatism is innocuous since, should the need arise, these statements can easily be tested further.” And he goes on to say “Experiences can motivate a decision, and hence an acceptance or rejection of a basic stateme ...
... sufficiently tested, have admittedly the character of dogmas. . . But this kind of dogmatism is innocuous since, should the need arise, these statements can easily be tested further.” And he goes on to say “Experiences can motivate a decision, and hence an acceptance or rejection of a basic stateme ...
Cosmological Certainty
... sufficiently tested, have admittedly the character of dogmas. . . But this kind of dogmatism is innocuous since, should the need arise, these statements can easily be tested further.” And he goes on to say “Experiences can motivate a decision, and hence an acceptance or rejection of a basic statemen ...
... sufficiently tested, have admittedly the character of dogmas. . . But this kind of dogmatism is innocuous since, should the need arise, these statements can easily be tested further.” And he goes on to say “Experiences can motivate a decision, and hence an acceptance or rejection of a basic statemen ...
mixing metaphors: science and religion or
... sciences and dealt with things “which are inseparable from matter but not immovable”. 8 The study of natural philosophy included the study of “the first causes of nature, change and motion in general, the motions of celestial bodies, the motions and transformations of the elements, generation and co ...
... sciences and dealt with things “which are inseparable from matter but not immovable”. 8 The study of natural philosophy included the study of “the first causes of nature, change and motion in general, the motions of celestial bodies, the motions and transformations of the elements, generation and co ...
An introduction to philosophy
... • What are these forms? How many of them are there? • How do material objects participate in the forms? • How can there be a form of whiteness without something that is white? Or a form of equality without things that are equal? • Is the form of the good good itself? If so, don’t we need another ...
... • What are these forms? How many of them are there? • How do material objects participate in the forms? • How can there be a form of whiteness without something that is white? Or a form of equality without things that are equal? • Is the form of the good good itself? If so, don’t we need another ...
Conscious Experience
... Today, the problem of consciousness - perhaps together with the question of the origin of the universe - inarks the very limit of human striving for understanding. It appears to many to be the last great puzzle and the greatest theoretical challenge of our time. A solution of this puzzle through emp ...
... Today, the problem of consciousness - perhaps together with the question of the origin of the universe - inarks the very limit of human striving for understanding. It appears to many to be the last great puzzle and the greatest theoretical challenge of our time. A solution of this puzzle through emp ...
Luc Bovens, `Interview.` In: Epistemology: 5 Questions. Edited by
... 2. What do you see as being your main contributions to epistemology? In my early work I was most interested in the intersection of moral psychology and epistemology. I thought it was curious that there was the following asymmetry between preferences and beliefs. We have no objection if a person trie ...
... 2. What do you see as being your main contributions to epistemology? In my early work I was most interested in the intersection of moral psychology and epistemology. I thought it was curious that there was the following asymmetry between preferences and beliefs. We have no objection if a person trie ...
The Death of Philosophy: Reference and Self
... into a science in good standing, like, say, neuroscience. Professor Thomas-Fogiel has written a book about this group and their arguments, a book which discusses at some length philosophy’s penchant for suicide. She has an interesting insight about this phenomenon. She argues that all claims about t ...
... into a science in good standing, like, say, neuroscience. Professor Thomas-Fogiel has written a book about this group and their arguments, a book which discusses at some length philosophy’s penchant for suicide. She has an interesting insight about this phenomenon. She argues that all claims about t ...
Stove`s Discovery of the Worst Argument in the World
... a linguistic version: we cannot speak about things except through the forms of language, therefore we cannot speak about things as they are in themselves. The apparent preceding reasoning from Saussure’s view of linguistic structure is no more than a softeningup operation: while you’re cowering in y ...
... a linguistic version: we cannot speak about things except through the forms of language, therefore we cannot speak about things as they are in themselves. The apparent preceding reasoning from Saussure’s view of linguistic structure is no more than a softeningup operation: while you’re cowering in y ...
an overview of thomas kuhns views on paradigm shift and
... Be that as it may Kuhn did not take into account the fact that though sociology does not have a single paradigm that will shift, but the social aspects of life keeps changing. For instance religion at its early state was more a less a family thing, largely traditional, it developed to a point that C ...
... Be that as it may Kuhn did not take into account the fact that though sociology does not have a single paradigm that will shift, but the social aspects of life keeps changing. For instance religion at its early state was more a less a family thing, largely traditional, it developed to a point that C ...
Intro to Philosophy
... into your living room, looking around, and, on the basis of our perceptions, discovering whether there is an elephant there or not. And the result of our investigation -- i.e., our answer to the question as to whether or not there is an elephant in your living room -- would itself be rationally defe ...
... into your living room, looking around, and, on the basis of our perceptions, discovering whether there is an elephant there or not. And the result of our investigation -- i.e., our answer to the question as to whether or not there is an elephant in your living room -- would itself be rationally defe ...
information technology problems in the context of logic of science
... part that contacts with the connection of the nonconnectable, with borders non-compliance, with unjustified conclusions from conflicting backgrounds, including economic ones: "Scientific technocratism causes deformation in all spheres of social movement: ...
... part that contacts with the connection of the nonconnectable, with borders non-compliance, with unjustified conclusions from conflicting backgrounds, including economic ones: "Scientific technocratism causes deformation in all spheres of social movement: ...
Unity and Revolutions: A Paradigm for Paradigms - Philsci
... grossly ad hoc, disunified character. Nevertheless, T* satisfies all the requirements one could stipulate for being an empirically more successful theory than T. It is even the case that T* will predict new phenomena not established at the time of the formulation of the theory: this will be done by ...
... grossly ad hoc, disunified character. Nevertheless, T* satisfies all the requirements one could stipulate for being an empirically more successful theory than T. It is even the case that T* will predict new phenomena not established at the time of the formulation of the theory: this will be done by ...
Why a philosophy of social science File
... importance of the choices of research questions and of methods of tackling them. And in this book we shall examine almost all of these questions at length. First, there is the question of whether human action can be explained in the way that natural science explains phenomena in its domain. Alternat ...
... importance of the choices of research questions and of methods of tackling them. And in this book we shall examine almost all of these questions at length. First, there is the question of whether human action can be explained in the way that natural science explains phenomena in its domain. Alternat ...
lecture1-Science-Knowledge
... What is computation? How does nature compute? Learning from Nature * “It always bothers me that, according to the laws as we understand them today, it takes a computing machine an infinite number of logical operations to figure out what goes on in no matter how tiny a region of space, and no matter ...
... What is computation? How does nature compute? Learning from Nature * “It always bothers me that, according to the laws as we understand them today, it takes a computing machine an infinite number of logical operations to figure out what goes on in no matter how tiny a region of space, and no matter ...
The Plight of Aesthetics in Iran
... Here in this paper I would like to ask two questions. First, I would like to find out if, as Rorty believes, there was not such a conflict between religion and science in Iran, then what kind of possible conflict did we have instead? Secondly, how has this conflict affected aesthetics and related s ...
... Here in this paper I would like to ask two questions. First, I would like to find out if, as Rorty believes, there was not such a conflict between religion and science in Iran, then what kind of possible conflict did we have instead? Secondly, how has this conflict affected aesthetics and related s ...
Is Science Killing the Soul?
... of anti-scientific attitude. In the sense of Soul Two, science doesn't kill the soul, it gives the soul constant and exhilarating re-birth. Now, there are, of course many unsolved problems, and scientists are the first to admit this. There are aspects of human subjective consciousness that are deepl ...
... of anti-scientific attitude. In the sense of Soul Two, science doesn't kill the soul, it gives the soul constant and exhilarating re-birth. Now, there are, of course many unsolved problems, and scientists are the first to admit this. There are aspects of human subjective consciousness that are deepl ...
Why is there Philosophy of Mathematics at all?
... One of the major themes of the book is proof. How did it arise in mathematics, how has it changed through history, and where is it headed? A novel viewpoint is Hacking’s classification of mathematical proof as either Leibnizian or Cartesian. The first denotes a proof which consists of a finite seque ...
... One of the major themes of the book is proof. How did it arise in mathematics, how has it changed through history, and where is it headed? A novel viewpoint is Hacking’s classification of mathematical proof as either Leibnizian or Cartesian. The first denotes a proof which consists of a finite seque ...
Asouzu`s Critique of Philosophy of Essence and Its Implication for
... Hans Hahn, Otto Neurath, Philipp Frank, Bella Von, and Kurt Goedel. In their discussion on how scientific theories and laws are formulated, they adopted the Verifiability Principle, according to which a proposition is meaningful, if it can be verified directly or is capable of being verified in futu ...
... Hans Hahn, Otto Neurath, Philipp Frank, Bella Von, and Kurt Goedel. In their discussion on how scientific theories and laws are formulated, they adopted the Verifiability Principle, according to which a proposition is meaningful, if it can be verified directly or is capable of being verified in futu ...
Dewey Experience and Philosophic Method
... broken into external conditions and internal structures through reflection. History, similarly, is both the deeds and the record and interpretation of those deeds. Only empirical method can do justice to the integrity of “experience.” It must get together again what has been torn apart. Why is the w ...
... broken into external conditions and internal structures through reflection. History, similarly, is both the deeds and the record and interpretation of those deeds. Only empirical method can do justice to the integrity of “experience.” It must get together again what has been torn apart. Why is the w ...
The experimenters` regress: from skepticism to - Archipel
... the skeptical problem arises only in connection with the non-evident things hidden from us. Some things are obvious, and are easily accepted as evident even by the skeptics. Non-evident things are either absolutely non-evident (like infinity), naturally non-evident (known only by signs or intermedia ...
... the skeptical problem arises only in connection with the non-evident things hidden from us. Some things are obvious, and are easily accepted as evident even by the skeptics. Non-evident things are either absolutely non-evident (like infinity), naturally non-evident (known only by signs or intermedia ...
Philosophy of science
Philosophy of science is a branch of philosophy concerned with the foundations, methods, and implications of science. The central questions of this study concern what qualifies as science, the reliability of scientific theories, and the ultimate purpose of science. This discipline overlaps with metaphysics, ontology, and epistemology, for example, when it explores the relationship between science and truth.There is no consensus among philosophers about many of the central problems concerned with the philosophy of science, including whether science can reveal the truth about unobservable things and whether scientific reasoning can be justified at all. In addition to these general questions about science as a whole, philosophers of science consider problems that apply to particular sciences (such as biology or physics). Some philosophers of science also use contemporary results in science to reach conclusions about philosophy itself.While relevant philosophical thought dates back at least to the time of Aristotle, philosophy of science emerged as a distinct discipline only in the middle of the 20th century in the wake of the logical positivism movement, which aimed to formulate criteria for ensuring all philosophical statements' meaningfulness and objectively assessing them. Thomas Kuhn's book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962) brought into the mainstream the word ""paradigm"", meaning the set of concepts that define a scientific discipline in a particular period. In his book, Kuhn challenged the established view of ""scientific progress as a gradual, cumulative acquisition of knowledge based on rationally chosen experimental frameworks"".In the 21st century, someTemplate:Which? thinkers seek to ground science in axiomatic assumptions, such as the uniformity of nature. Many philosophers of science, however, take a coherentist approach to science, in which a theory is validated if it makes sense of observations as part of a coherent whole. Still others, and Paul Feyerabend (1924-1994) in particular, argue that there is no such thing as the ""scientific method"", so all approaches to science should be allowed, including explicitly supernatural ones. (Feyerabend remains in the minority among philosophers of science.) Another approach to thinking about science involves studying how knowledge is created from a sociological perspective, an approach represented by scholars like David Bloor and Barry Barnes. Finally, a tradition in Continental philosophy approaches science from the perspective of a rigorous analysis of human experience.Philosophies of the particular sciences range from questions about the nature of time raised by Einstein's general relativity, to the implications of economics for public policy. A central theme is whether one scientific discipline can be reduced to the terms of another. That is, can chemistry be reduced to physics, or can sociology be reduced to individual psychology? The general questions of philosophy of science also arise with greater specificity in some particular sciences. For instance, the question of the validity of scientific reasoning is seen in a different guise in the foundations of statistics. The question of what counts as science and what should be excluded arises as a life-or-death matter in the philosophy of medicine. Additionally, the philosophies of biology, of psychology, and of the social sciences explore whether the scientific studies of human nature can achieve objectivity or are inevitably shaped by values and by social relations.