1 - David Papineau
... In this section I want to qualify my thesis that philosophy, like science, is concerned with the construction of synthetic theories that gain their ultimate support from empirical evidence. I recognize that there are elements in philosophy that do not fit this characterization. In particular, I have ...
... In this section I want to qualify my thesis that philosophy, like science, is concerned with the construction of synthetic theories that gain their ultimate support from empirical evidence. I recognize that there are elements in philosophy that do not fit this characterization. In particular, I have ...
The Self
... order to see the bare reality itself.” This clearly is neither Sellars’ nor Quine’s conception of philosophy, and you can see why. They understand philosophy to be governed by the same rules as science. There is no method available to do the reality stripping Duhem attributes to philosophical aims. ...
... order to see the bare reality itself.” This clearly is neither Sellars’ nor Quine’s conception of philosophy, and you can see why. They understand philosophy to be governed by the same rules as science. There is no method available to do the reality stripping Duhem attributes to philosophical aims. ...
Why naturalize consciousness?
... In what follows, central aspects of the philosophical debate over naturalizing consciousness are critically examined. The conclusion reached is that the debate is illfounded and neither anti-physicalist arguments nor naturalizing projects can have the consequences for the scientific investigation of ...
... In what follows, central aspects of the philosophical debate over naturalizing consciousness are critically examined. The conclusion reached is that the debate is illfounded and neither anti-physicalist arguments nor naturalizing projects can have the consequences for the scientific investigation of ...
this PDF file
... (1997), Hollis (1994) tried out summarising the main features of positivism as follows: Positivism believes in the unity of the scientific methods, and natural sciences are generally taken to be the model for all the sciences. Alongside, positivists naturalism entails reductionism, a correspondence ...
... (1997), Hollis (1994) tried out summarising the main features of positivism as follows: Positivism believes in the unity of the scientific methods, and natural sciences are generally taken to be the model for all the sciences. Alongside, positivists naturalism entails reductionism, a correspondence ...
Elective modernism - Cardiff University
... paper has been leading up to and, without it, the entire argument would be pointless; on the other hand the values are almost entirely familiar if not prosaic. Why is it hard to move on from Wave Two? It is hard to move on from Wave Two because its core arguments are coherent and correct.5 Each step ...
... paper has been leading up to and, without it, the entire argument would be pointless; on the other hand the values are almost entirely familiar if not prosaic. Why is it hard to move on from Wave Two? It is hard to move on from Wave Two because its core arguments are coherent and correct.5 Each step ...
Flyer for Byrd (PDF)
... DR. JOHN BYRD received his Ph.D. from the University of Tennessee, Knoxville in 1994 and is a Diplomate of the American Board of Forensic Anthropology. He joined the Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command’s Central Identification Laboratory in August 1998 as a Forensic Anthropologist. Dr. Byrd became a La ...
... DR. JOHN BYRD received his Ph.D. from the University of Tennessee, Knoxville in 1994 and is a Diplomate of the American Board of Forensic Anthropology. He joined the Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command’s Central Identification Laboratory in August 1998 as a Forensic Anthropologist. Dr. Byrd became a La ...
Don Ihde vs Bruno Latour
... Austin and Wittgenstein’s philosophy of language with the additional outsider influence from Foucault’s work, specially his theory of power as bio-power. Let us see how Ihde understand Postpositivism: By the late fifties the strong version of positivism was already under attack by Karl Popper and Im ...
... Austin and Wittgenstein’s philosophy of language with the additional outsider influence from Foucault’s work, specially his theory of power as bio-power. Let us see how Ihde understand Postpositivism: By the late fifties the strong version of positivism was already under attack by Karl Popper and Im ...
9. Indispensability arguments in the philosophy of mathematics
... agree with Colyvan that the question how much mathematics is indispensable in physics is an interesting and difficult one. Re (3) [My alleged “confirmational holism”]: I have never claimed that mathematics is “confirmed” by its applications in physics (although I argued in “What is Mathematical Trut ...
... agree with Colyvan that the question how much mathematics is indispensable in physics is an interesting and difficult one. Re (3) [My alleged “confirmational holism”]: I have never claimed that mathematics is “confirmed” by its applications in physics (although I argued in “What is Mathematical Trut ...
Realism, Antirealism and Naturalism AND Evolution
... Realism in modern philosophy is a doctrine according to which ordinary objects perceived by senses, such as tables and chairs, have an existence independent of their being perceived. It is contrary to the idealism of philosophers such as George Berkeley or Immanuel Kant. In its extreme form, also ca ...
... Realism in modern philosophy is a doctrine according to which ordinary objects perceived by senses, such as tables and chairs, have an existence independent of their being perceived. It is contrary to the idealism of philosophers such as George Berkeley or Immanuel Kant. In its extreme form, also ca ...
Imre Lakatos`s Philosophy of Mathematics
... phenomena in the history of mathematics, is empty.”12 The second part of the above statement can be easily explained by what we have already seen: every philosophy that does not consider the history of its own subject fails to grasp anything, since it will not understand the basic working mechanism ...
... phenomena in the history of mathematics, is empty.”12 The second part of the above statement can be easily explained by what we have already seen: every philosophy that does not consider the history of its own subject fails to grasp anything, since it will not understand the basic working mechanism ...
Richard Bernstein, “Beyond Objectivism and Relativism: An Overview.”
... rationality, objectivity, realism, and norms but by the different fundamental attitudes of philosophers toward opposing positions. Consider, for example, Karl Popper's horror at what he takes to be the rampant growth of subjectivism and relativism today. According to Popper, this is not simply an in ...
... rationality, objectivity, realism, and norms but by the different fundamental attitudes of philosophers toward opposing positions. Consider, for example, Karl Popper's horror at what he takes to be the rampant growth of subjectivism and relativism today. According to Popper, this is not simply an in ...
Book Review - Journal of French and Francophone Philosophy
... beginning, their theoretical position breaks with the problematic of language, discourse, and text. Each of these thinkers favors the sensible, phenomenal, bodily, and real over linguistic activity. Marion, in accordance with fundamental ideas of phenomenological philosophy, privileges what is given ...
... beginning, their theoretical position breaks with the problematic of language, discourse, and text. Each of these thinkers favors the sensible, phenomenal, bodily, and real over linguistic activity. Marion, in accordance with fundamental ideas of phenomenological philosophy, privileges what is given ...
Kinds of Things—Towards a Bestiary of the
... position of neutrality and conclude (tentatively) that holes are virtually indispensable in the ontology of the manifest image, but probably not portable, without strikingly counterintuitive revision, to the austere scientific image. But not so fast: holes may play a potent role in organizing the pat ...
... position of neutrality and conclude (tentatively) that holes are virtually indispensable in the ontology of the manifest image, but probably not portable, without strikingly counterintuitive revision, to the austere scientific image. But not so fast: holes may play a potent role in organizing the pat ...
Review of Philosophers of Nothingness: An Essay on the Kyoto School
... that he suggests that Kyoto School philosophy constitutes a chapter in the history of Western philosophy. In this respect he states that the Kyoto School is as influential as that of the neo-Kantians, who are credited with breaking with German Idealism and emphasizing the importance of empirical rat ...
... that he suggests that Kyoto School philosophy constitutes a chapter in the history of Western philosophy. In this respect he states that the Kyoto School is as influential as that of the neo-Kantians, who are credited with breaking with German Idealism and emphasizing the importance of empirical rat ...
An Argument for Reversing the Bases of Science
... can be clearly seen even in the basic levels of SE. Thus, Husserl’s argument may be relevant to basic mechanics teaching, but what about chemistry or biology? Especially in the latter, “geometrisation” hardly occurs at all. The basic levels of biology teaching consists mainly in classifying animals ...
... can be clearly seen even in the basic levels of SE. Thus, Husserl’s argument may be relevant to basic mechanics teaching, but what about chemistry or biology? Especially in the latter, “geometrisation” hardly occurs at all. The basic levels of biology teaching consists mainly in classifying animals ...
Psychology moves towards Whitehead.
... mechanistic and the necessary towards the organic and the contingent. The dynamic systems approach, which is also known as the theory of embodied cognition, is another critical response to the claim that nervous system activity can be expressed in a universal computational formalism. The objection i ...
... mechanistic and the necessary towards the organic and the contingent. The dynamic systems approach, which is also known as the theory of embodied cognition, is another critical response to the claim that nervous system activity can be expressed in a universal computational formalism. The objection i ...
Examining the Language of Science in the Prose of William Harvey
... can also help scientists like Harvey formulate hypotheses during the initial stage of the scientific method. As Harvey had demonstrated in his own writing in the excerpt that was previously cited, he had hypothesised that the blood moved through the body in a circular motion even before he had actu ...
... can also help scientists like Harvey formulate hypotheses during the initial stage of the scientific method. As Harvey had demonstrated in his own writing in the excerpt that was previously cited, he had hypothesised that the blood moved through the body in a circular motion even before he had actu ...
FORMAL METHODS AND SCIENCE IN PHILOSOPHY
... Matter is one of the crucial, classical categories that have been used in various philosophical attempts at rational explanation of the world. Despite its long history (or, possibly, because of this rich tradition) an answer to the seemingly simple question “what is matter?” remains far from being c ...
... Matter is one of the crucial, classical categories that have been used in various philosophical attempts at rational explanation of the world. Despite its long history (or, possibly, because of this rich tradition) an answer to the seemingly simple question “what is matter?” remains far from being c ...
LECTURE 2: APOLOGETICS AND PHILOSOPHY
... application of reason to the most general and fundamental questions of human concern, in order to give them the best justified possible answers. The questions that have occupied philosophy across its history can be located in three categories. First, there are questions about the nature of reality—o ...
... application of reason to the most general and fundamental questions of human concern, in order to give them the best justified possible answers. The questions that have occupied philosophy across its history can be located in three categories. First, there are questions about the nature of reality—o ...
Class #1
... Monism is the view that all of reality is one kind of thing. If, for example, you believe that all of reality is matter, or that God is the only reality, then you are a monist. The first philosophers (Pre-Socratics) like Thales (c. 600 BCE) Pythagoras (c. 550 BCE) and Heraclitus (c. 500 BCE), were m ...
... Monism is the view that all of reality is one kind of thing. If, for example, you believe that all of reality is matter, or that God is the only reality, then you are a monist. The first philosophers (Pre-Socratics) like Thales (c. 600 BCE) Pythagoras (c. 550 BCE) and Heraclitus (c. 500 BCE), were m ...
the critique of positivism
... “... it is thought that if it were to be the case that political decisions would be made on the basis of technical application of social scientific knowledge, then the character of political argument would drastically alter. The point here is that, at least in the ideal, the disagreements that aris ...
... “... it is thought that if it were to be the case that political decisions would be made on the basis of technical application of social scientific knowledge, then the character of political argument would drastically alter. The point here is that, at least in the ideal, the disagreements that aris ...
Unity and Revolutions: A Paradigm for Paradigms
... persists through revolutions. As I have remarked elsewhere “Far from obliterating the idea that there is a persisting theoretical idea in physics, revolutions do just the opposite in that they all themselves actually exemplify the persisting idea of underlying unity!”.6 But is there really a persist ...
... persists through revolutions. As I have remarked elsewhere “Far from obliterating the idea that there is a persisting theoretical idea in physics, revolutions do just the opposite in that they all themselves actually exemplify the persisting idea of underlying unity!”.6 But is there really a persist ...
Dansk resumé - Aarhus Universitet
... the demand is silent in the sense that there are no direct recommendations of behaviour. The meeting with the other takes place in natural trust that is revealed in for example communication, where all communication is seen as opening up to the other: We are the destiny of each other but often enou ...
... the demand is silent in the sense that there are no direct recommendations of behaviour. The meeting with the other takes place in natural trust that is revealed in for example communication, where all communication is seen as opening up to the other: We are the destiny of each other but often enou ...
Philosophy of Science Underlying Engaged
... philosophy and practice of science by undertaking a brief historical review of four philosophies of science--positivism, relativism, pragmatism, and realism. It provides a discussion of how key ideas from each philosophy inform engaged scholarship, and how the practice of engaged scholarship might i ...
... philosophy and practice of science by undertaking a brief historical review of four philosophies of science--positivism, relativism, pragmatism, and realism. It provides a discussion of how key ideas from each philosophy inform engaged scholarship, and how the practice of engaged scholarship might i ...
Philosophy of science
Philosophy of science is a branch of philosophy concerned with the foundations, methods, and implications of science. The central questions of this study concern what qualifies as science, the reliability of scientific theories, and the ultimate purpose of science. This discipline overlaps with metaphysics, ontology, and epistemology, for example, when it explores the relationship between science and truth.There is no consensus among philosophers about many of the central problems concerned with the philosophy of science, including whether science can reveal the truth about unobservable things and whether scientific reasoning can be justified at all. In addition to these general questions about science as a whole, philosophers of science consider problems that apply to particular sciences (such as biology or physics). Some philosophers of science also use contemporary results in science to reach conclusions about philosophy itself.While relevant philosophical thought dates back at least to the time of Aristotle, philosophy of science emerged as a distinct discipline only in the middle of the 20th century in the wake of the logical positivism movement, which aimed to formulate criteria for ensuring all philosophical statements' meaningfulness and objectively assessing them. Thomas Kuhn's book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962) brought into the mainstream the word ""paradigm"", meaning the set of concepts that define a scientific discipline in a particular period. In his book, Kuhn challenged the established view of ""scientific progress as a gradual, cumulative acquisition of knowledge based on rationally chosen experimental frameworks"".In the 21st century, someTemplate:Which? thinkers seek to ground science in axiomatic assumptions, such as the uniformity of nature. Many philosophers of science, however, take a coherentist approach to science, in which a theory is validated if it makes sense of observations as part of a coherent whole. Still others, and Paul Feyerabend (1924-1994) in particular, argue that there is no such thing as the ""scientific method"", so all approaches to science should be allowed, including explicitly supernatural ones. (Feyerabend remains in the minority among philosophers of science.) Another approach to thinking about science involves studying how knowledge is created from a sociological perspective, an approach represented by scholars like David Bloor and Barry Barnes. Finally, a tradition in Continental philosophy approaches science from the perspective of a rigorous analysis of human experience.Philosophies of the particular sciences range from questions about the nature of time raised by Einstein's general relativity, to the implications of economics for public policy. A central theme is whether one scientific discipline can be reduced to the terms of another. That is, can chemistry be reduced to physics, or can sociology be reduced to individual psychology? The general questions of philosophy of science also arise with greater specificity in some particular sciences. For instance, the question of the validity of scientific reasoning is seen in a different guise in the foundations of statistics. The question of what counts as science and what should be excluded arises as a life-or-death matter in the philosophy of medicine. Additionally, the philosophies of biology, of psychology, and of the social sciences explore whether the scientific studies of human nature can achieve objectivity or are inevitably shaped by values and by social relations.