MICROBIO320 Short Answers – These should be typically 1
... All of the above. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT concerning antigen-specific receptors on B cells? (0.5 pt) A. They are clonally distributed transmembrane molecules. B. They have extensive cytoplasmic domains that interact with intracellular molecules. C. They consist of polypeptides ...
... All of the above. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT concerning antigen-specific receptors on B cells? (0.5 pt) A. They are clonally distributed transmembrane molecules. B. They have extensive cytoplasmic domains that interact with intracellular molecules. C. They consist of polypeptides ...
BIOL212Test3Guide30MAY2012
... Immune System Innate Immunity Recognition and response rely on traits common to groups of pathogens Invertebrates vs. vertebrates Barrier defenses Cellular Innate Defenses Toll-like Receptors Neutrophils Macrophages Eosinophils Dendritic cells Natural Killer Cells Antimicrobial Peptides & Proteins I ...
... Immune System Innate Immunity Recognition and response rely on traits common to groups of pathogens Invertebrates vs. vertebrates Barrier defenses Cellular Innate Defenses Toll-like Receptors Neutrophils Macrophages Eosinophils Dendritic cells Natural Killer Cells Antimicrobial Peptides & Proteins I ...
Blood System
... • Large coarse purple granules with histamine (inflammatory chemical that acts as vasodilator & attracts other WBCs to the inflamed site) • Mast cells = similar • Release heparin & histamine • Lifespan: 0.5 – 9 days ...
... • Large coarse purple granules with histamine (inflammatory chemical that acts as vasodilator & attracts other WBCs to the inflamed site) • Mast cells = similar • Release heparin & histamine • Lifespan: 0.5 – 9 days ...
specific defenses: the immune system
... VOCABULARY REVIEW Define the following terms. 1. plasma cell ...
... VOCABULARY REVIEW Define the following terms. 1. plasma cell ...
prrs_3_pathogenesis
... The target cells in which PRRSV replicates are subsets of macrophages that have specific glycoprotein receptors for the virus. These include pulmonary alveolar and interstitial macrophages and macrophages in lymphoid tissues. In order for replication to take place maturity and/or activation are requ ...
... The target cells in which PRRSV replicates are subsets of macrophages that have specific glycoprotein receptors for the virus. These include pulmonary alveolar and interstitial macrophages and macrophages in lymphoid tissues. In order for replication to take place maturity and/or activation are requ ...
Innate Immune Response
... Unit 3 Biology The innate immune response Guiding Questions 1. At what level do defence mechanisms operate? 2. Are non-specific defences found in all organisms? 3. Why are non-specific defences given this name? 4. What do we mean by innate responses? ...
... Unit 3 Biology The innate immune response Guiding Questions 1. At what level do defence mechanisms operate? 2. Are non-specific defences found in all organisms? 3. Why are non-specific defences given this name? 4. What do we mean by innate responses? ...
Lymphatic System - Sizemore's Site
... an environmental substance that can produce a hypersensitive reaction in the body but may not be intrinsically harmful. Common allergens include pollen, animal dander, house dust, feathers, and various foods. Studies indicate that one of six Americans is hypersensitive to one or more allergens. ...
... an environmental substance that can produce a hypersensitive reaction in the body but may not be intrinsically harmful. Common allergens include pollen, animal dander, house dust, feathers, and various foods. Studies indicate that one of six Americans is hypersensitive to one or more allergens. ...
Immune System
... resistance to disease Particular invader recognized, switches on immune response Specific Invader is remembered so that future invasions can be immediately fought ...
... resistance to disease Particular invader recognized, switches on immune response Specific Invader is remembered so that future invasions can be immediately fought ...
introduction to the immune system
... 1. directly attack invaders and lyse body cells infected by viruses or other intracellular parasites, cancer cells, foreign grafts 2. release chemicals that enhance the inflammatory response or help to activate lymphocytes or macrophages. Densest populations of lymphocytes: 1. bone marrow 2. thymus ...
... 1. directly attack invaders and lyse body cells infected by viruses or other intracellular parasites, cancer cells, foreign grafts 2. release chemicals that enhance the inflammatory response or help to activate lymphocytes or macrophages. Densest populations of lymphocytes: 1. bone marrow 2. thymus ...
Antigens and Antibodies, Cell Receptors
... produced by pathogenic microbes as a defense mechanism ...
... produced by pathogenic microbes as a defense mechanism ...
Διαφάνεια 1 - Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
... 2) Macrophage digests the virus and displays pieces of the virus called antigens on its surface ...
... 2) Macrophage digests the virus and displays pieces of the virus called antigens on its surface ...
Body Defenses Against Pathogens
... b. chemical - acidity inhibits bacterial growth B. Internal Cellular and Chemical Defenses 1. Simple Phagocytosis - mostly neutrophils and macrophytes; engulf and destroy circulating pathogens 2. Natural Killer Cells - promote cell lysis of virus infected cells or cancer cells 3. Inflammatory Respon ...
... b. chemical - acidity inhibits bacterial growth B. Internal Cellular and Chemical Defenses 1. Simple Phagocytosis - mostly neutrophils and macrophytes; engulf and destroy circulating pathogens 2. Natural Killer Cells - promote cell lysis of virus infected cells or cancer cells 3. Inflammatory Respon ...
Host Defenses I: Nonspecific Defenses
... Describe the role of normal microbiota in innate resistance. Classify phagocytic cells, and describe the roles of granulocytes and monocytes. Define and explain phagocyte and phagocytosis. Explain the different stages of inflammation. Describe the cause and effects of fever. Describe the activativat ...
... Describe the role of normal microbiota in innate resistance. Classify phagocytic cells, and describe the roles of granulocytes and monocytes. Define and explain phagocyte and phagocytosis. Explain the different stages of inflammation. Describe the cause and effects of fever. Describe the activativat ...
The Immune System
... Although pus is often seen simply as a sign of a infection, it also an indicator of immune defenses in action! Explain. ...
... Although pus is often seen simply as a sign of a infection, it also an indicator of immune defenses in action! Explain. ...
Questions: How does the body: fight a viral infection? a
... Class I MHC molecules (in order to avoid a different kind of lymphocyte, a cytotoxic T-cells). For the same reason, some cancers also have low levels of Class I MHC. Interferon stimulates killing by natural killer cells and stimulates Class I MHC production by uninfected cells, thereby protecting th ...
... Class I MHC molecules (in order to avoid a different kind of lymphocyte, a cytotoxic T-cells). For the same reason, some cancers also have low levels of Class I MHC. Interferon stimulates killing by natural killer cells and stimulates Class I MHC production by uninfected cells, thereby protecting th ...
Immune System Outline 3 - Madison County Schools
... 2. Hodgkin’s Lymphoma - This is a cancer of the lymphocyte white blood cells.(Lymph nodes destroyed.) 3. Stress – This weakens the immune system. 4. HIV/AIDS - This is caused by a retrovirus. a. Host cell is the T-helper lymphocyte. (It keys in on the CD 4 membrane marker protein.) II. Plant defense ...
... 2. Hodgkin’s Lymphoma - This is a cancer of the lymphocyte white blood cells.(Lymph nodes destroyed.) 3. Stress – This weakens the immune system. 4. HIV/AIDS - This is caused by a retrovirus. a. Host cell is the T-helper lymphocyte. (It keys in on the CD 4 membrane marker protein.) II. Plant defense ...
Matching - use the key below to answer questions 1
... 2. What is the difference between a B & a T cell. B cells mark foreign cells, T cells destroy them. 3. Describe the different types of B and T cells. Memory cells: provides future immunity after first exposure Plasma cells: increases antibodies released into the blood Cytotoxic T cells: kill foreign ...
... 2. What is the difference between a B & a T cell. B cells mark foreign cells, T cells destroy them. 3. Describe the different types of B and T cells. Memory cells: provides future immunity after first exposure Plasma cells: increases antibodies released into the blood Cytotoxic T cells: kill foreign ...
Phagocyte
Phagocytes are cells that protect the body by ingesting (phagocytosing) harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells. Their name comes from the Greek phagein, ""to eat"" or ""devour"", and ""-cyte"", the suffix in biology denoting ""cell"", from the Greek kutos, ""hollow vessel"". They are essential for fighting infections and for subsequent immunity. Phagocytes are important throughout the animal kingdom and are highly developed within vertebrates. One litre of human blood contains about six billion phagocytes. They were first discovered in 1882 by Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov while he was studying starfish larvae. Mechnikov was awarded the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery. Phagocytes occur in many species; some amoebae behave like macrophage phagocytes, which suggests that phagocytes appeared early in the evolution of life.Phagocytes of humans and other animals are called ""professional"" or ""non-professional"" depending on how effective they are at phagocytosis. The professional phagocytes include many types of white blood cells (such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, mast cells, and dendritic cells). The main difference between professional and non-professional phagocytes is that the professional phagocytes have molecules called receptors on their surfaces that can detect harmful objects, such as bacteria, that are not normally found in the body. Phagocytes are crucial in fighting infections, as well as in maintaining healthy tissues by removing dead and dying cells that have reached the end of their lifespan.During an infection, chemical signals attract phagocytes to places where the pathogen has invaded the body. These chemicals may come from bacteria or from other phagocytes already present. The phagocytes move by a method called chemotaxis. When phagocytes come into contact with bacteria, the receptors on the phagocyte's surface will bind to them. This binding will lead to the engulfing of the bacteria by the phagocyte. Some phagocytes kill the ingested pathogen with oxidants and nitric oxide. After phagocytosis, macrophages and dendritic cells can also participate in antigen presentation, a process in which a phagocyte moves parts of the ingested material back to its surface. This material is then displayed to other cells of the immune system. Some phagocytes then travel to the body's lymph nodes and display the material to white blood cells called lymphocytes. This process is important in building immunity, and many pathogens have evolved methods to evade attacks by phagocytes.