Viruses - holyoke
... Presence or absence of a membranous envelope surrounding the capsid **No envelope = naked virus ...
... Presence or absence of a membranous envelope surrounding the capsid **No envelope = naked virus ...
Searching of Main Cause Leading to Severe Influenza A Virus
... threatens humans to such a degree, this is so because we are still unable to predict the mutations, which lead to the possible human to human transmission, in the proteins from influenza A virus, of which the surface proteins, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, are particularly subject to the frequent ...
... threatens humans to such a degree, this is so because we are still unable to predict the mutations, which lead to the possible human to human transmission, in the proteins from influenza A virus, of which the surface proteins, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, are particularly subject to the frequent ...
The co-pathogenesis of influenza viruses with bacteria in the lung
... or adherence factors9,33. H. influenzae has become less prominent as a cause of secondary bacterial pneumonia following the introduction of the H. influenzae type B conjugate vaccine in 1985, although it remains important in regions of the world that have poor vaccine coverage34, and non-typeable st ...
... or adherence factors9,33. H. influenzae has become less prominent as a cause of secondary bacterial pneumonia following the introduction of the H. influenzae type B conjugate vaccine in 1985, although it remains important in regions of the world that have poor vaccine coverage34, and non-typeable st ...
Module 4: Negative strand RNA viruses
... It is also an acute disease of infants and children. The virus commonly causes a rash over the body with a high fever, occasionally conjunctivitis and pneumonia. In severe form of the disease virus may cause inflammation and pathological condition in the brain. Like Mumps virus only one serotype exi ...
... It is also an acute disease of infants and children. The virus commonly causes a rash over the body with a high fever, occasionally conjunctivitis and pneumonia. In severe form of the disease virus may cause inflammation and pathological condition in the brain. Like Mumps virus only one serotype exi ...
In vitro demonstration of neural transmission of avian influenza A virus
... Influenza A viruses belong to the family Orthomyxoviridae and contain eight single-stranded, negative-sense RNA segments that encode 10 polypeptides. Influenza A viruses are divided into subtypes on the basis of serological and genetic differences in their surface glycoproteins, haemagglutinin and n ...
... Influenza A viruses belong to the family Orthomyxoviridae and contain eight single-stranded, negative-sense RNA segments that encode 10 polypeptides. Influenza A viruses are divided into subtypes on the basis of serological and genetic differences in their surface glycoproteins, haemagglutinin and n ...
Natural co-infection caused by avian influenza H9 subtype and
... (HPAIV) may cause up to 100% mortality. At present, these viruses have been restricted to subtypes H5 and H7, although not all viruses of these subtypes cause HPAI. On the other hand, low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIV) cause mild to moderate infections in various domestic and wild bird s ...
... (HPAIV) may cause up to 100% mortality. At present, these viruses have been restricted to subtypes H5 and H7, although not all viruses of these subtypes cause HPAI. On the other hand, low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIV) cause mild to moderate infections in various domestic and wild bird s ...
What Is a Pandemic? - Oxford Academic
... (eg, in 2003–2004). Such events cannot, by this definition, be considered to be pandemic, even if they spread just as widely as pandemics associated with new HA subtypes and are just as fatal. When epizootic circulation of a highly pathogenic avian H5N1 virus led, in 2003, to occasional human “spill ...
... (eg, in 2003–2004). Such events cannot, by this definition, be considered to be pandemic, even if they spread just as widely as pandemics associated with new HA subtypes and are just as fatal. When epizootic circulation of a highly pathogenic avian H5N1 virus led, in 2003, to occasional human “spill ...
Sanofi Pasteur`s Fluzone High-Dose Vaccine Significantly More
... of 1995, as amended. Forward-looking statements are statements that are not historical facts. These statements include projections and estimates and their underlying assumptions, statements regarding plans, objectives, intentions and expectations with respect to future financial results, events, ope ...
... of 1995, as amended. Forward-looking statements are statements that are not historical facts. These statements include projections and estimates and their underlying assumptions, statements regarding plans, objectives, intentions and expectations with respect to future financial results, events, ope ...
Hello, This is a test document
... Swine flu Health authorities are concerned that there could be a world-wide swine flu pandemic. But what is swine flu and what can be done to help prevent it from spreading? EPISODE 10 5TH MAY 2009 ...
... Swine flu Health authorities are concerned that there could be a world-wide swine flu pandemic. But what is swine flu and what can be done to help prevent it from spreading? EPISODE 10 5TH MAY 2009 ...
Ionizing air affects influenza virus infectivity and prevents airborne-transmission
... efficiency, with smaller amounts of virus distribution in air, could be due to less aggregation of virus-virus or virus-cell debris particles more long lasting airborne, and thus leads to stronger electrostatic attraction by the collector. Furthermore, it is likely that much particles end up at the ...
... efficiency, with smaller amounts of virus distribution in air, could be due to less aggregation of virus-virus or virus-cell debris particles more long lasting airborne, and thus leads to stronger electrostatic attraction by the collector. Furthermore, it is likely that much particles end up at the ...
Enterovirus D68 (EV 68)
... In general, infants, children, and teenagers are most likely to get infected with enteroviruses. That's because they do not yet have immunity (protection) from previous exposures to these viruses. This appears to be true for EV 68. Among the EV 68 cases in identified during August and September ...
... In general, infants, children, and teenagers are most likely to get infected with enteroviruses. That's because they do not yet have immunity (protection) from previous exposures to these viruses. This appears to be true for EV 68. Among the EV 68 cases in identified during August and September ...
Lots of us are sick, and it`s probably going to get worse
... The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention shows flu cases rising slowly in November and much more sharply in December. It found high rates of flu-like illnesses only in Arizona, Georgia, and Puerto Rico. The agency said that it was too early to tell how well this year's vaccine was workin ...
... The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention shows flu cases rising slowly in November and much more sharply in December. It found high rates of flu-like illnesses only in Arizona, Georgia, and Puerto Rico. The agency said that it was too early to tell how well this year's vaccine was workin ...
H1N1 Just In Time Paramedic Vaccine Training 09-13-2009
... in conjunction with good infection control including good hand hygiene, vaccines are an excellent defense against infectious diseases In general the benefits of a vaccine far exceed the risks posed by the disease Differences in the way individual immune systems react to a vaccine account for rar ...
... in conjunction with good infection control including good hand hygiene, vaccines are an excellent defense against infectious diseases In general the benefits of a vaccine far exceed the risks posed by the disease Differences in the way individual immune systems react to a vaccine account for rar ...
Cleaning and Disinfection Protocol for Enveloped Viruses
... (fat-‐like substance that is water insoluble). The envelope is needed to aid in attachment of the virus to the host cell. Loss of the envelope results in loss of infectivity. The mode of ...
... (fat-‐like substance that is water insoluble). The envelope is needed to aid in attachment of the virus to the host cell. Loss of the envelope results in loss of infectivity. The mode of ...
with a person who is a suspected, probable, or confirmed H5N1 case
... • Confirm or exclude H5N1 virus infection • Reduce morbidity and mortality through rapid identification, isolation, treatment, clinical management of cases and follow-up of contacts • Reduce further spread of H5N1 virus infection through identification of exposure sources and implementation of contr ...
... • Confirm or exclude H5N1 virus infection • Reduce morbidity and mortality through rapid identification, isolation, treatment, clinical management of cases and follow-up of contacts • Reduce further spread of H5N1 virus infection through identification of exposure sources and implementation of contr ...
The evolutionary dynamics of influenza A virus adaptation to
... bearing a heterogeneous genome that comprised gene segments originating from avian-, swine- and human-influenza A viruses [6,10]. For several reasons, swine influenza A viruses are important to human health. First, direct transmissions between pigs and humans are frequently observed [2,11,12]. Secon ...
... bearing a heterogeneous genome that comprised gene segments originating from avian-, swine- and human-influenza A viruses [6,10]. For several reasons, swine influenza A viruses are important to human health. First, direct transmissions between pigs and humans are frequently observed [2,11,12]. Secon ...
Full Text - Journal of Comprehensive Pediatrics
... Simmerman showed the sensitivity and specificity of QuickVue test (to detect influenza virus) as 77% and 96%, respectively (8). There are few virological surveillance systems for respiratory viral infections among children in developing countries. The objectives of this study were to determine the e ...
... Simmerman showed the sensitivity and specificity of QuickVue test (to detect influenza virus) as 77% and 96%, respectively (8). There are few virological surveillance systems for respiratory viral infections among children in developing countries. The objectives of this study were to determine the e ...
Survey of Ohio EMS Agency Pandemic Preparedness
... 2009, did your agency have a continuity of operations plan in place to ensure that your jurisdiction had 24/7 EMS coverage in case a large number of your personnel become ill? ...
... 2009, did your agency have a continuity of operations plan in place to ensure that your jurisdiction had 24/7 EMS coverage in case a large number of your personnel become ill? ...
Vaccination: A Cornerstone of Public Health
... dysfunction, spinal cord injuries, seizures or other neuromuscular disorders) which compromise respiratory function; • Children, adolescents (aged 6 months--18 years) on long-term aspirin therapy and, therefore at risk for Reye syndrome after influenza; • Women who will be pregnant during the influe ...
... dysfunction, spinal cord injuries, seizures or other neuromuscular disorders) which compromise respiratory function; • Children, adolescents (aged 6 months--18 years) on long-term aspirin therapy and, therefore at risk for Reye syndrome after influenza; • Women who will be pregnant during the influe ...
a cohort study investigating autoantibody levels
... immune system attacks its own organs, tissues, or cells due to an increase of autoantibody production or disruption in autoimmunity. Individuals afflicted with autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus have a variety of symptoms ranging from moderate to debilitating in sever ...
... immune system attacks its own organs, tissues, or cells due to an increase of autoantibody production or disruption in autoimmunity. Individuals afflicted with autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus have a variety of symptoms ranging from moderate to debilitating in sever ...
Disease-Causing Viruses and Microorganisms
... living because they cannot survive alone • They can reproduce only inside of other living things. A single infected cell may replicate thousands of viruses. The new viruses go on to infect other cells. ...
... living because they cannot survive alone • They can reproduce only inside of other living things. A single infected cell may replicate thousands of viruses. The new viruses go on to infect other cells. ...
Emerging infections – implications for dental care
... Implications for the dental team With appropriate knowledge it is possible to reduce the risk of transmission of emerging infections in dental settings. The key principles in managing someone who may have been in contact with an emerging infection are: establishing whether contact with someone affec ...
... Implications for the dental team With appropriate knowledge it is possible to reduce the risk of transmission of emerging infections in dental settings. The key principles in managing someone who may have been in contact with an emerging infection are: establishing whether contact with someone affec ...
A40-Disease Causing Organisms
... living because they cannot survive alone • They can reproduce only inside of other living things. A single infected cell may replicate thousands of viruses. The new viruses go on to infect other cells. ...
... living because they cannot survive alone • They can reproduce only inside of other living things. A single infected cell may replicate thousands of viruses. The new viruses go on to infect other cells. ...
Influenza
Influenza, commonly known as ""the flu"", is an infectious disease caused by the influenza virus. Symptoms can be mild to severe. The most common symptoms include: a high fever, runny nose, sore throat, muscle pains, headache, coughing, and feeling tired. These symptoms typically begin two days after exposure to the virus and most last less than a week. The cough, however, may last for more than two weeks. In children there may be nausea and vomiting but these are not common in adults. Nausea and vomiting occur more commonly in the unrelated infection gastroenteritis, which is sometimes inaccurately referred to as ""stomach flu"" or ""24-hour flu"". Complications of influenza may include viral pneumonia, secondary bacterial pneumonia, sinus infections, and worsening of previous health problems such as asthma or heart failure.Three types of influenza affect people. Usually, the virus is spread through the air from coughs or sneezes. This is believed to occur mostly over relatively short distances. It can also be spread by touching surfaces contaminated by the virus and then touching the mouth or eyes. A person may be infectious to others both before and during the time they are sick. The infection may be confirmed by testing the throat, sputum, or nose for the virus. A number of rapid tests are available; however, people may still have the infection if the results are negative. A type of polymerase chain reaction that detects the virus's RNA is more accurate.Frequent hand washing reduces the risk of infection because the virus is inactivated by soap. Wearing a surgical mask is also useful. Yearly vaccinations against influenza are recommended by the World Health Organization for those at high risk. The vaccine is usually effective against three or four types of influenza. It is usually well tolerated. A vaccine made for one year may not be useful in the following year, since the virus evolves rapidly. Antiviral drugs such as the neuraminidase inhibitors oseltamivir among others have been used to treat influenza. Their benefits in those who are otherwise healthy do not appear to be greater than their risks. No benefit has been found in those with other health problems.Influenza spreads around the world in a yearly outbreak, resulting in about three to five million cases of severe illness and about 250,000 to 500,000 deaths. In the Northern and Southern parts of the world outbreaks occur mainly in winter while in areas around the equator outbreaks may occur at any time of the year. Death occurs mostly in the young, the old and those with other health problems. Larger outbreaks known as pandemics are less frequent. In the 20th century three influenza pandemics occurred: Spanish influenza in 1918, Asian influenza in 1958, and Hong Kong influenza in 1968, each resulting in more than a million deaths. The World Health Organization declared an outbreak of a new type of influenza A/H1N1 to be a pandemic in June 2009. Influenza may also affect other animals, including pigs, horses and birds.