Educational outcomes after serving with
... analyses are based on a comprehensive longitudinal dataset (n=1013) constructed from multiple official administrative registers and including a high number of covariates. The EM-program increases the completion rates of upper secondary education by 18 percentage points among program participants thr ...
... analyses are based on a comprehensive longitudinal dataset (n=1013) constructed from multiple official administrative registers and including a high number of covariates. The EM-program increases the completion rates of upper secondary education by 18 percentage points among program participants thr ...
Do Criminal Offenders Have a Constitutional Right to Rehabilitation
... threshold weight against collective goals in general." This transforms such a right into a "political trump," creating an area of exception against state punitive policies. It therefore replaces purely vindictive justice with a constructive approach of social reintegration. The denial of rehabilitat ...
... threshold weight against collective goals in general." This transforms such a right into a "political trump," creating an area of exception against state punitive policies. It therefore replaces purely vindictive justice with a constructive approach of social reintegration. The denial of rehabilitat ...
Juvenile Justice and Racial Disproportionality
... matters,11 but it may be extended up to an offender’s 21st birthday.12 By law, children under the age of eight years are incapable of committing a crime and in no case may be charged in juvenile court.13 A child at least eight years old and under twelve years of age is presumed to be incapable of co ...
... matters,11 but it may be extended up to an offender’s 21st birthday.12 By law, children under the age of eight years are incapable of committing a crime and in no case may be charged in juvenile court.13 A child at least eight years old and under twelve years of age is presumed to be incapable of co ...
Ambiguities in European legal instruments on non
... interveners replaced with a formal secular institution, the probation service, created in 1907 (Nellis, 2007: 28-31). The activities comprising English ‘probation’ are diverse, having been accumulated piecemeal over the service’s existence (see McGarva, 2008: 269-278 for a comprehensive overview of ...
... interveners replaced with a formal secular institution, the probation service, created in 1907 (Nellis, 2007: 28-31). The activities comprising English ‘probation’ are diverse, having been accumulated piecemeal over the service’s existence (see McGarva, 2008: 269-278 for a comprehensive overview of ...
`Restorative Justice as a Unifying Force for Child Justice
... Tanenhaus ((2004) 49-54) explains that the issue of private hearings was controversial. The original supporters of the Illinois Juvenile Court Act 1899 had wanted the courts to be closed to the public in order to protect the privacy of the children and families. This was criticised on the basis that ...
... Tanenhaus ((2004) 49-54) explains that the issue of private hearings was controversial. The original supporters of the Illinois Juvenile Court Act 1899 had wanted the courts to be closed to the public in order to protect the privacy of the children and families. This was criticised on the basis that ...
Policing Identity - Scholarship Repository
... Identity has long played a critical role in policing. Learning “who” an individual is not only affords police knowledge of possible criminal history, but also of “what” an individual might have done. To date, however, these matters have eluded sustained scholarly attention, a deficit that has assume ...
... Identity has long played a critical role in policing. Learning “who” an individual is not only affords police knowledge of possible criminal history, but also of “what” an individual might have done. To date, however, these matters have eluded sustained scholarly attention, a deficit that has assume ...
note the impact of mandatory minimum
... be justified for the offence.” 41 In addition, there was an increasing awareness amongst scholars that community sentences (such as probation orders, community supervision, and community service orders) were more appropriate than imprisonment for dealing with factors associated with persistence in r ...
... be justified for the offence.” 41 In addition, there was an increasing awareness amongst scholars that community sentences (such as probation orders, community supervision, and community service orders) were more appropriate than imprisonment for dealing with factors associated with persistence in r ...
The Globalization of Juvenile Justice
... of the judiciary in the U.S. to address the unfolding dimensions of recent U.S. Supreme Court decisions, which invoke a constitutional norm concerning life sentences for juvenile offenders that is compatible with that found in the Convention on the Rights of Children. A concept of the globalization ...
... of the judiciary in the U.S. to address the unfolding dimensions of recent U.S. Supreme Court decisions, which invoke a constitutional norm concerning life sentences for juvenile offenders that is compatible with that found in the Convention on the Rights of Children. A concept of the globalization ...
Adolescent Criminal Responsibility, Proportionality, and Sentencing
... culpability of young non-homicide offenders. Part III considers Miller/Jackson's application of the Court's death penalty jurisprudence to repudiate mandatory LWOP sentences for juveniles who murder, to require individualized assessments, and to weigh youthfulness heavily. Part IV proposes a Youth D ...
... culpability of young non-homicide offenders. Part III considers Miller/Jackson's application of the Court's death penalty jurisprudence to repudiate mandatory LWOP sentences for juveniles who murder, to require individualized assessments, and to weigh youthfulness heavily. Part IV proposes a Youth D ...
Canada`s Juvenile Justice System: Promoting
... demands were being made, there was an increasing awareness among governments of the high costs associated with the use of expensive custody facilities. In spite of the large increase in the numbers of youth in custody following the enactment of the YOA, more than three-quarters of youth receiving cu ...
... demands were being made, there was an increasing awareness among governments of the high costs associated with the use of expensive custody facilities. In spite of the large increase in the numbers of youth in custody following the enactment of the YOA, more than three-quarters of youth receiving cu ...
Restitution, Rehabilitation, Prevention, and
... This Note argues for a consistent rehabilitative approach to deal with first- time, non-violent youthful offenders, and also advocates considering the needs of the victims of juvenile crime. Victims of juvenile crime are largely forgotten in adjudicative processes, [FN20] especially in juvenile cour ...
... This Note argues for a consistent rehabilitative approach to deal with first- time, non-violent youthful offenders, and also advocates considering the needs of the victims of juvenile crime. Victims of juvenile crime are largely forgotten in adjudicative processes, [FN20] especially in juvenile cour ...
Dialogue on Strategies to Save States Money
... The state’s pretrial diversion officers are trained to be neutral in all decisions regarding treatment. The state’s program has 256 employees and provides investigation and supervision services in all 120 counties in the state. Diversion provides selected individuals with non-punitive case processin ...
... The state’s pretrial diversion officers are trained to be neutral in all decisions regarding treatment. The state’s program has 256 employees and provides investigation and supervision services in all 120 counties in the state. Diversion provides selected individuals with non-punitive case processin ...
the promises and perils of evidence-based corrections
... techniques, loosely classified as “evidence-based practices,” that courts, community supervision agencies, and correctional institutions are rapidly adopting in their efforts to deliver more targeted (and less expensive) services to individuals under state control. These practices include the use of ...
... techniques, loosely classified as “evidence-based practices,” that courts, community supervision agencies, and correctional institutions are rapidly adopting in their efforts to deliver more targeted (and less expensive) services to individuals under state control. These practices include the use of ...
The Debt Penalty
... fines, fees, and restitution requirements as a punitive measure intended to deter offenders from future crime. In addition to their punitive value, financial obligations are intended to generate revenue for criminal justice systems. Few would argue against funding at least a part of the criminal jus ...
... fines, fees, and restitution requirements as a punitive measure intended to deter offenders from future crime. In addition to their punitive value, financial obligations are intended to generate revenue for criminal justice systems. Few would argue against funding at least a part of the criminal jus ...
California State Supplement - McGraw Hill Higher Education
... About the same figure is used for the amount of time they actually spend “fighting crime.” The rest of their time is spent dealing with what are today referred to as “social order” or “quality of life” issues and neighborhood problems, not necessarily criminal behavior. The truth is that no one real ...
... About the same figure is used for the amount of time they actually spend “fighting crime.” The rest of their time is spent dealing with what are today referred to as “social order” or “quality of life” issues and neighborhood problems, not necessarily criminal behavior. The truth is that no one real ...
Swift and Certain
... impact of time considerations on the effectiveness of the criminal justice system. Justice delayed is justice denied. Swift justice can prevent the need for harsher punishments later on. The timeliness with which the justice system intervenes may be more important than the particular form of punishm ...
... impact of time considerations on the effectiveness of the criminal justice system. Justice delayed is justice denied. Swift justice can prevent the need for harsher punishments later on. The timeliness with which the justice system intervenes may be more important than the particular form of punishm ...
Reaction Essay: Crime (Control) is a Choice: Divergent Perspectives
... strategies (Farabee, 2005).He argues that we have attempted(and largely failed) to “treat” offenders in both institutional and community settings for a range of problems (drug abuse, alcohol abuse ,mental health, educational/employment deficits, etc.) based on the misplaced notion that if we can suc ...
... strategies (Farabee, 2005).He argues that we have attempted(and largely failed) to “treat” offenders in both institutional and community settings for a range of problems (drug abuse, alcohol abuse ,mental health, educational/employment deficits, etc.) based on the misplaced notion that if we can suc ...
Appendix A Juvenile Justice National Minimum Data Set Project
... Children’s Court. Adult orders However, juveniles aged from 16 upwards may also be sentenced to the full range of penalties available to adults. In fact the only supervised penalties are community-based orders and intensive supervision orders. Despite being sentenced to an adult order, the juvenile ...
... Children’s Court. Adult orders However, juveniles aged from 16 upwards may also be sentenced to the full range of penalties available to adults. In fact the only supervised penalties are community-based orders and intensive supervision orders. Despite being sentenced to an adult order, the juvenile ...
Breaking the Cycle - Prison Reform Trust
... offenders, allowing the courts to consider matching different community penalties to particular offences and circumstances, rather than yielding to the temptation to consider that, because one experience of a community order has ended in failure, a custodial sentence is inevitable. As the Magistrate ...
... offenders, allowing the courts to consider matching different community penalties to particular offences and circumstances, rather than yielding to the temptation to consider that, because one experience of a community order has ended in failure, a custodial sentence is inevitable. As the Magistrate ...
Recidivism: Costs and Solutions
... Citizens of the United States of America enjoy an immense amount of freedom. The freedom to conduct commerce, the freedom to travel, the freedom to choose a profession, the freedom to live in the place of their choosing, the freedom to maintain privacy, the freedom to speak their mind, the freedom t ...
... Citizens of the United States of America enjoy an immense amount of freedom. The freedom to conduct commerce, the freedom to travel, the freedom to choose a profession, the freedom to live in the place of their choosing, the freedom to maintain privacy, the freedom to speak their mind, the freedom t ...
Report of - Ombudsman
... bad law frequently taints good policy because of poor legal and regulatory design. I make the point that policy or law is only as good as its implementation. If that policy or law is not able to be properly and effectively operationalised, the outcomes may be perverse or at best less than optimum. S ...
... bad law frequently taints good policy because of poor legal and regulatory design. I make the point that policy or law is only as good as its implementation. If that policy or law is not able to be properly and effectively operationalised, the outcomes may be perverse or at best less than optimum. S ...
Department of Juvenile Justice
... justice system wherever appropriate, and its commitment to detention as an intervention of last resort. (b) Are there any other models or approaches taken by other jurisdictions that this review should specifically consider? The existing legislative framework clearly defines that children are differ ...
... justice system wherever appropriate, and its commitment to detention as an intervention of last resort. (b) Are there any other models or approaches taken by other jurisdictions that this review should specifically consider? The existing legislative framework clearly defines that children are differ ...
Gender Differences in Criminal Sentencing: Do Effects Vary Across
... effects of extra-legal variables will be greater for less serious crimes (see also Smith and Damphousse, 1998). Because they are so few in number, research testing whether gender effects vary according to crime is examined in detail. Our review located two studies that disaggregated offense type and ...
... effects of extra-legal variables will be greater for less serious crimes (see also Smith and Damphousse, 1998). Because they are so few in number, research testing whether gender effects vary according to crime is examined in detail. Our review located two studies that disaggregated offense type and ...
A comparison of punishment exchange rates between offenders
... Two approaches can be employed when ranking the severity of sanctions and establishing bexchange ratesQ between custodial and non-custodial sentences (Byrne, 1990). One approach is based on public perceptions of the criminal justice system. According to Morris and Tonry (1990), use of this approach ...
... Two approaches can be employed when ranking the severity of sanctions and establishing bexchange ratesQ between custodial and non-custodial sentences (Byrne, 1990). One approach is based on public perceptions of the criminal justice system. According to Morris and Tonry (1990), use of this approach ...
Criminal justice system of the Netherlands
The criminal justice system of the Netherlands is the system of practices and institutions of the Netherlands directed at upholding social control, deterring and mitigating crime, and sanctioning those who violate laws with criminal penalties and rehabilitation efforts. The Netherlands criminal code is based on the Napoleonic Code, imposed during the time of the French Empire. The Dutch largely kept the Napoleonic Code after their independence, but tempered it with a significantly more rehabilitative penological focus.Law enforcement in the Netherlands is provided by the national police force. The police make use of over 50,000 individuals, employed in a number of regional and specialist departments. The States-General crafts rules to manage the police, while the Minister of safety and justice is responsible for the central administration of the police. The national police commissioner is vested with the day-to-day management of the police force.The judiciary comprises 19 district courts, five courts of appeal, two administrative courts (Centrale Raad van Beroep and the College van beroep voor het bedrijfsleven) and a Supreme Court that has 41 judges. All judicial appointments are made by the Government. Judges are nominally appointed for life, but in practice retire at age 70. The Council of State is a constitutionally established advisory body to the government, which consists of members of the royal family and Crown-appointed members generally having political, commercial, diplomatic, or military experience. The Hoge Raad der Nederlanden is the highest court of the Netherlands, Curacao, Sint Maarten and Aruba. The Court sits in The Hague, Netherlands and presides over civil, criminal and tax-related cases.