Progress Report on the implementation of the National
... On the other hand, the process of state fingerprint registration according to the Law no. 1549-XV of 19 December 2002 regulates the acquisition of fingerprint information by authorities with prosecution competences in order to identify and confirm the identity of Moldovan citizens and stateless per ...
... On the other hand, the process of state fingerprint registration according to the Law no. 1549-XV of 19 December 2002 regulates the acquisition of fingerprint information by authorities with prosecution competences in order to identify and confirm the identity of Moldovan citizens and stateless per ...
Policing for Profit: The Drug War`s Hidden Economic Agenda
... 1995, "the ability of U.S. forces to seize or otherwise turn back drug shipments . .. dropped 53 percent.... [Annually, as] much as 84 metric tons of additional cocaine and marijuana could be arriving unimpeded ...through the Eastern transit zone alone." This report, prepared by the Republican major ...
... 1995, "the ability of U.S. forces to seize or otherwise turn back drug shipments . .. dropped 53 percent.... [Annually, as] much as 84 metric tons of additional cocaine and marijuana could be arriving unimpeded ...through the Eastern transit zone alone." This report, prepared by the Republican major ...
Imprisonment Inertia and Public Attitudes Toward "Truth in Sentencing"
... rates, policymakers in many states have been quite cautious in the design and administration of new programs intended to move prisoners out of confinement more quickly. 7 In order to better understand the sources of this caution, as well as the potential for developing more robust early-release init ...
... rates, policymakers in many states have been quite cautious in the design and administration of new programs intended to move prisoners out of confinement more quickly. 7 In order to better understand the sources of this caution, as well as the potential for developing more robust early-release init ...
The Rise of State and Local Power over Immigration
... JULIET P. STUMPF** Federal immigration law has evolved from a stepchild of foreign policy into a national legislative and regulatory scheme that intersects with the triumvirate of state power: criminal law, employment law, and welfare. Shifting the locus of immigration law out of the category of for ...
... JULIET P. STUMPF** Federal immigration law has evolved from a stepchild of foreign policy into a national legislative and regulatory scheme that intersects with the triumvirate of state power: criminal law, employment law, and welfare. Shifting the locus of immigration law out of the category of for ...
- NDLScholarship
... and class inequality. More fundamentally, predictive restraint contravenes the liberal ideal that the state may not preemptively restrain people who are responsible actors to stop them from committing future crimes. Rather than classify CCs as punishment, this Article contends that the better approa ...
... and class inequality. More fundamentally, predictive restraint contravenes the liberal ideal that the state may not preemptively restrain people who are responsible actors to stop them from committing future crimes. Rather than classify CCs as punishment, this Article contends that the better approa ...
- Berkeley Law Scholarship Repository
... types of offenders directly to transportation. In 1718, the Parliament obliged. The Transportation Act of 1718 allowed judges to sentence offenders directly to transportation and slightly expanded the scope of transportation from its previous informally defined limits. With this Act, the government ...
... types of offenders directly to transportation. In 1718, the Parliament obliged. The Transportation Act of 1718 allowed judges to sentence offenders directly to transportation and slightly expanded the scope of transportation from its previous informally defined limits. With this Act, the government ...
Personal Violence by Strangers: An Extension
... ship. 20 Consistent with these expectations, age, sex, and marital status are two of the most potent predictors of personal victimization, with males, younger persons, and single persons exhibiting disproportionately high levels of risk.21 Perhaps the most relevant tests of the LRA/opportunity model ...
... ship. 20 Consistent with these expectations, age, sex, and marital status are two of the most potent predictors of personal victimization, with males, younger persons, and single persons exhibiting disproportionately high levels of risk.21 Perhaps the most relevant tests of the LRA/opportunity model ...
Predicting Violence - American Bar Association
... judgments about who is likely to commit crimes while on pretrial release and whether we are detaining the right people. Relying on the largest dataset of pretrial defendants in the United States, this Article determines what factors, if any, are relevant to predicting “dangerousness” pretrial and wh ...
... judgments about who is likely to commit crimes while on pretrial release and whether we are detaining the right people. Relying on the largest dataset of pretrial defendants in the United States, this Article determines what factors, if any, are relevant to predicting “dangerousness” pretrial and wh ...
Criminal Discount Factors and Deterrence
... deterrent power of punishments received at different points in the future. For example, consider an offender who is choosing whether to use a modus operandi that might aggravate his/her crime (e.g., using a firearm, being violent, damaging property, etc.). As long as criminals discount the future, i ...
... deterrent power of punishments received at different points in the future. For example, consider an offender who is choosing whether to use a modus operandi that might aggravate his/her crime (e.g., using a firearm, being violent, damaging property, etc.). As long as criminals discount the future, i ...
The economic and social factors underpinning Indigenous contact
... the ‘employed’ group have a similar distribution to the ‘not in the labour force’ (NILF) group. Both have approximately a one in three likelihood of having been charged and a one in 17 chance of previous imprisonment. The ‘unemployed’ group are more likely to be charged (almost 3 in 5) and considera ...
... the ‘employed’ group have a similar distribution to the ‘not in the labour force’ (NILF) group. Both have approximately a one in three likelihood of having been charged and a one in 17 chance of previous imprisonment. The ‘unemployed’ group are more likely to be charged (almost 3 in 5) and considera ...
Every Door Closed
... enter mainstream society. No matter how positive such a step might be — not only for the parent and her children, but also for society at large — the ex-offender seeking to enroll in college may find yet another door closed to her, the door to federal ...
... enter mainstream society. No matter how positive such a step might be — not only for the parent and her children, but also for society at large — the ex-offender seeking to enroll in college may find yet another door closed to her, the door to federal ...
Hate Crimes and the Need for Stronger Federal Legislation
... Steven Bennett Weisburd & Brian Levin, “On the Basis of Sex”: Recognizing Gender-Based Bias Crimes, 5 STAN. L. &. POL’Y REV. 21, 26 (1994) (citing as reasons for failing to report as including shame, fear, distrust, embarrassment, belief that authorities are unsympathetic, and fear of “secondary tra ...
... Steven Bennett Weisburd & Brian Levin, “On the Basis of Sex”: Recognizing Gender-Based Bias Crimes, 5 STAN. L. &. POL’Y REV. 21, 26 (1994) (citing as reasons for failing to report as including shame, fear, distrust, embarrassment, belief that authorities are unsympathetic, and fear of “secondary tra ...
Regional Programme for the Arab States
... strengthen universal peace in larger freedom.” In particular, the 2030 Agenda affirms explicitly that “there can be no sustainable development without peace and no peace without sustainable development”. The Agenda draws together the strands of peace, rule of law, human rights, development and equal ...
... strengthen universal peace in larger freedom.” In particular, the 2030 Agenda affirms explicitly that “there can be no sustainable development without peace and no peace without sustainable development”. The Agenda draws together the strands of peace, rule of law, human rights, development and equal ...
positioning hybrid tribunals in international criminal justice
... These tribunals are referred to as “hybrid” or “internationalized” because both the institutional apparatus and the applicable law consist of a blend of the international and the domestic, resulting in a mixed form of justice.15 Such tribunals employ the efforts of both the international community a ...
... These tribunals are referred to as “hybrid” or “internationalized” because both the institutional apparatus and the applicable law consist of a blend of the international and the domestic, resulting in a mixed form of justice.15 Such tribunals employ the efforts of both the international community a ...
Report of - Ombudsman
... Sir Geoffrey makes the point that bad law often results from bad policy, but also bad law frequently taints good policy because of poor legal and regulatory design. I make the point that policy or law is only as good as its implementation. If that policy or law is not able to be properly and effecti ...
... Sir Geoffrey makes the point that bad law often results from bad policy, but also bad law frequently taints good policy because of poor legal and regulatory design. I make the point that policy or law is only as good as its implementation. If that policy or law is not able to be properly and effecti ...
The Formula of the Universal Law
... could be shown that the notion of freedom requires an agent to accept the ML, then the KPL would be rendered inadequate in a clear way. Kant’s conception of freedom says that a positively free will cannot be determined by the agent’s desires, but rather must be determined by a law.17 The argument fo ...
... could be shown that the notion of freedom requires an agent to accept the ML, then the KPL would be rendered inadequate in a clear way. Kant’s conception of freedom says that a positively free will cannot be determined by the agent’s desires, but rather must be determined by a law.17 The argument fo ...
Chapter 8
... You may have a strong opinion about each of these examples, but your individual response is not what marks an action ...
... You may have a strong opinion about each of these examples, but your individual response is not what marks an action ...
The Debt Penalty
... their financial obligations. Imposing financial obligations and monetary penalties on offenders – a group that is overwhelmingly indigent – is not tenable. States often expend more resources attempting to recoup outstanding debt from offenders than they are able to collect from those who pay. This r ...
... their financial obligations. Imposing financial obligations and monetary penalties on offenders – a group that is overwhelmingly indigent – is not tenable. States often expend more resources attempting to recoup outstanding debt from offenders than they are able to collect from those who pay. This r ...
Punishment: Consequentialism
... Punishment as a state institution creates further problems – not just for liberals and libertarians, but political theorists of all persuasions – and irrespective of whether retributive, or some other justification of punishment, is sought. Like any system of power and authority (which forms of pri ...
... Punishment as a state institution creates further problems – not just for liberals and libertarians, but political theorists of all persuasions – and irrespective of whether retributive, or some other justification of punishment, is sought. Like any system of power and authority (which forms of pri ...
rethinking parental incarceration - University of Colorado Law Review
... by bringing out the connection between the debate over parental incarceration and another ongoing debate within criminal law: the discussion about when we can attribute criminal responsibility to adults. Criminal law holds adults responsible for their actions by treating them as if they are autonomo ...
... by bringing out the connection between the debate over parental incarceration and another ongoing debate within criminal law: the discussion about when we can attribute criminal responsibility to adults. Criminal law holds adults responsible for their actions by treating them as if they are autonomo ...
Brown v. Plata: Renewing the Call to End Mandatory Minimum
... Court ultimately determined that conditions at California’s overpopulated prisons had become so horrendous that the only appropriate remedial measure was to require the State to drastically reduce its number of prisoners.2 California is not the only state suffering from an enormously overpopulated p ...
... Court ultimately determined that conditions at California’s overpopulated prisons had become so horrendous that the only appropriate remedial measure was to require the State to drastically reduce its number of prisoners.2 California is not the only state suffering from an enormously overpopulated p ...
Stalking and Domestic Violence
... workplace or living environs. • Most of this stalker’s initial contacts with a target are via correspondence. • Enhanced risk factors include: excessive number of letters or contact by electronic mail and may state intention or evidence of travel directed to encounter the target. • ( could last for ...
... workplace or living environs. • Most of this stalker’s initial contacts with a target are via correspondence. • Enhanced risk factors include: excessive number of letters or contact by electronic mail and may state intention or evidence of travel directed to encounter the target. • ( could last for ...
Recidivism: Costs and Solutions
... Citizens of the United States of America enjoy an immense amount of freedom. The freedom to conduct commerce, the freedom to travel, the freedom to choose a profession, the freedom to live in the place of their choosing, the freedom to maintain privacy, the freedom to speak their mind, the freedom t ...
... Citizens of the United States of America enjoy an immense amount of freedom. The freedom to conduct commerce, the freedom to travel, the freedom to choose a profession, the freedom to live in the place of their choosing, the freedom to maintain privacy, the freedom to speak their mind, the freedom t ...
Crime, Politics and Late-modernity: an exploration of community
... Yet I had from the very outset a fairly clear idea about what I thought research was for and what I thought I wanted my thesis to be about. As an undergraduate I’d read Gramsci’s (1971) Selections from the Prison Notebooks and his ideas about hegemony had profoundly influenced me. Whilst by no means ...
... Yet I had from the very outset a fairly clear idea about what I thought research was for and what I thought I wanted my thesis to be about. As an undergraduate I’d read Gramsci’s (1971) Selections from the Prison Notebooks and his ideas about hegemony had profoundly influenced me. Whilst by no means ...
Ten arguments against youth curfews
... In 1990 in Port Augusta, South Australia, a local referendum was held which recorded a vote in favour of a 10 pm curfew for children under the age of 16. At the time it was claimed that the proposal had racial overtones and, in particular, that it would predominantly affect the town's Aboriginal chi ...
... In 1990 in Port Augusta, South Australia, a local referendum was held which recorded a vote in favour of a 10 pm curfew for children under the age of 16. At the time it was claimed that the proposal had racial overtones and, in particular, that it would predominantly affect the town's Aboriginal chi ...
Crime
In ordinary language, the term crime denotes an unlawful act punishable by a state. The term ""crime"" does not, in modern criminal law, have any simple and universally accepted definition, though statutory definitions have been provided for certain purposes. The most popular view is that crime is a category created by law; in other words, something is a crime if declared as such by the relevant and applicable law. One proposed definition is that a crime or offence (or criminal offence) is an act harmful not only to some individual or individuals but also to a community, society or the state (""a public wrong""). Such acts are forbidden and punishable by law.The notion that acts such as murder, rape and theft are to be prohibited exists worldwide. What precisely is a criminal offence is defined by criminal law of each country. While many have a catalogue of crimes called the criminal code, in some common law countries no such comprehensive statute exists.The state (government) has the power to severely restrict one's liberty for committing a crime. In modern societies, there are procedures to which investigations and trials must adhere. If found guilty, an offender may be sentenced to a form of reparation such as a community sentence, or, depending on the nature of their offence, to undergo imprisonment, life imprisonment or, in some jurisdictions, execution.Usually, to be classified as a crime, the ""act of doing something criminal"" (actus reus) must – with certain exceptions – be accompanied by the ""intention to do something criminal"" (mens rea).While every crime violates the law, not every violation of the law counts as a crime. Breaches of private law (torts and breaches of contract) are not automatically punished by the state, but can be enforced through civil procedure.