Neural processes underlying conscious perception
... present the global neuronal workspace model of consciousness [12,15]. We review how this model integrates these empirical findings and may account for the unique properties of conscious perception. We conclude that many computations can only be achieved consciously, thus conferring to the postulated ...
... present the global neuronal workspace model of consciousness [12,15]. We review how this model integrates these empirical findings and may account for the unique properties of conscious perception. We conclude that many computations can only be achieved consciously, thus conferring to the postulated ...
The evolution of brains from early mammals to humans
... different functions, and therefore anatomically and physiologically distinct.26 These areas included the primary visual, somatosensory, and auditory areas, as these areas can be easily identified in contemporary species by their histological specialization for receiving dense, direct, sensory inputs ...
... different functions, and therefore anatomically and physiologically distinct.26 These areas included the primary visual, somatosensory, and auditory areas, as these areas can be easily identified in contemporary species by their histological specialization for receiving dense, direct, sensory inputs ...
The avian `prefrontal cortex` and cognition - Ruhr-Universität
... striatum suggests that there are constraints on how the basal ganglia can be organized, whereas the different organization of the pallium suggests that there are more variations on how this forebrain entity can be structured. This view has important implications for understanding brain mechanisms of ...
... striatum suggests that there are constraints on how the basal ganglia can be organized, whereas the different organization of the pallium suggests that there are more variations on how this forebrain entity can be structured. This view has important implications for understanding brain mechanisms of ...
A Moderate Approach to Embodied Cognitive Science
... distinct, highly resolved sensations, including different types of pain, tickle, temperature, itch, muscular and visceral sensations, sensual touch, and other feelings from (and about) the body. I propose to classify all mental representations using codes or formats of the sorts just cited as embodi ...
... distinct, highly resolved sensations, including different types of pain, tickle, temperature, itch, muscular and visceral sensations, sensual touch, and other feelings from (and about) the body. I propose to classify all mental representations using codes or formats of the sorts just cited as embodi ...
Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience
... character is any observable feature or attribute of an organism. A character could be a feature of the brain, such as the corpus callosum between the two cerebral hemispheres, or a feature of any other part of the body, or (as is often the case today) a molecule or a DNA sequence. By considering the ...
... character is any observable feature or attribute of an organism. A character could be a feature of the brain, such as the corpus callosum between the two cerebral hemispheres, or a feature of any other part of the body, or (as is often the case today) a molecule or a DNA sequence. By considering the ...
The mirror neuron system and the consequences of its
... - during imitation and observation of emotional faces the network of MNS, amygdala and insula was activated - as earlier mentioned the MNS codes abstract aspects of an action, like the intention of it - the more one can relate to the observed action, the more action can be recorded in the mirror neu ...
... - during imitation and observation of emotional faces the network of MNS, amygdala and insula was activated - as earlier mentioned the MNS codes abstract aspects of an action, like the intention of it - the more one can relate to the observed action, the more action can be recorded in the mirror neu ...
Big Myth or Major Miss? - Perceptual Science Laboratory
... claims of embodied cognition such as a) perception and action are intimately linked, and b) what appears to be high-‐level or abstract cognitive phenomena (e.g., language, goal understanding, mind reading) a ...
... claims of embodied cognition such as a) perception and action are intimately linked, and b) what appears to be high-‐level or abstract cognitive phenomena (e.g., language, goal understanding, mind reading) a ...
Crossmodal and action-specific: neuroimaging the human mirror
... mounting evidence that suggests the lateral occipitotemporal cortex plays a role in the HMNS, but they offer less support for the involvement of the premotor cortex. Neuroimaging, particularly through application of MVPA, has the potential to reveal the properties of the HMNS in further detail, whic ...
... mounting evidence that suggests the lateral occipitotemporal cortex plays a role in the HMNS, but they offer less support for the involvement of the premotor cortex. Neuroimaging, particularly through application of MVPA, has the potential to reveal the properties of the HMNS in further detail, whic ...
Subconscious Stimulus Recognition and Processing During
... In states with complete unconsciousness, such as general anesthesia or coma, the brain is no longer able to process and evaluate any information. Alkire and Miller (2005), in a review on general anesthesia and its neural correlates, identified the thalamus as a key target of anesthetic effects. A co ...
... In states with complete unconsciousness, such as general anesthesia or coma, the brain is no longer able to process and evaluate any information. Alkire and Miller (2005), in a review on general anesthesia and its neural correlates, identified the thalamus as a key target of anesthetic effects. A co ...
PDF
... object must be formed prior to categorization, at least in a tentative manner. Although this issue is debated in the philosophical literature, Prinz’s (2007, 2011a) stance is that high-level perceptual representations (such as concepts or categories, e.g., being a chair) are not part of the content ...
... object must be formed prior to categorization, at least in a tentative manner. Although this issue is debated in the philosophical literature, Prinz’s (2007, 2011a) stance is that high-level perceptual representations (such as concepts or categories, e.g., being a chair) are not part of the content ...
Attention - Biology Courses Server
... – Consciousness arises from physical processes – Based on structure and function of nervous system • Alternative: dualism – Mind and body are different things. – One cannot be fully explained by the other. ...
... – Consciousness arises from physical processes – Based on structure and function of nervous system • Alternative: dualism – Mind and body are different things. – One cannot be fully explained by the other. ...
Origins of Behavioral Neuroscience 1.1 Multiple Choice 1) The mind
... A) behaviors have to be explained in terms of molecular events. B) different physiological mechanisms may produce identical behaviors. C) different behaviors may occur for the same reasons. D) physiologists are only able to offer reductionist explanations. E) Science is difficult. Answer: B Rational ...
... A) behaviors have to be explained in terms of molecular events. B) different physiological mechanisms may produce identical behaviors. C) different behaviors may occur for the same reasons. D) physiologists are only able to offer reductionist explanations. E) Science is difficult. Answer: B Rational ...
CHAPTER 17 Introduction to Animals
... to water to reproduce. That’s because their eggs lacked a waterproof covering and would dry out on land. The first fully terrestrial vertebrates were amniotes. Amniotes are animals that produce eggs with internal membranes. The membranes let gases but not water pass through. Therefore, in an amnioti ...
... to water to reproduce. That’s because their eggs lacked a waterproof covering and would dry out on land. The first fully terrestrial vertebrates were amniotes. Amniotes are animals that produce eggs with internal membranes. The membranes let gases but not water pass through. Therefore, in an amnioti ...
Chapter 18 The Phyla - Not covered in class
... c. Two major adaptations were important to set stage for vertebrates to colonize the land 1. Air sacs - allowed some fish in shallow water to absorb oxygen from air for short periods 2. Lobed fins - allowed some degree of movement on land - all lobe fin fish are extinct except for one species ...
... c. Two major adaptations were important to set stage for vertebrates to colonize the land 1. Air sacs - allowed some fish in shallow water to absorb oxygen from air for short periods 2. Lobed fins - allowed some degree of movement on land - all lobe fin fish are extinct except for one species ...
Echokinetic yawning, theory of mind, and empathy
... to the different evolutionary paths of cognitive development in hominids. Human psychiatric pathology also dissects TOM in a similar way (11). Senju et al. showed video clips of people either yawning or simply opening and closing their mouths to 49 children who were 7 years or older, half of whom we ...
... to the different evolutionary paths of cognitive development in hominids. Human psychiatric pathology also dissects TOM in a similar way (11). Senju et al. showed video clips of people either yawning or simply opening and closing their mouths to 49 children who were 7 years or older, half of whom we ...
Two Kinds of Reverse Inference in Cognitive Neuroscience
... or locations of neural activation. Since different psychological theories often make incompatible assumptions about the processes underlying a specific cognitive task, reverse inference can, in principle, be used to discriminate between competing hypotheses. Scientists and philosophers often talk ab ...
... or locations of neural activation. Since different psychological theories often make incompatible assumptions about the processes underlying a specific cognitive task, reverse inference can, in principle, be used to discriminate between competing hypotheses. Scientists and philosophers often talk ab ...
What is the activation-synthesis hypothesis? What is an addiction
... exercise based on focusing attention on a single target of contemplation. ...
... exercise based on focusing attention on a single target of contemplation. ...
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
... Symptoms like headache, dizziness, irritability, fatigue or poor concentration soon after injury ...
... Symptoms like headache, dizziness, irritability, fatigue or poor concentration soon after injury ...
An unaware agenda: interictal consciousness
... Additional evidence comes from research into the P300 complex. The P3b event, which belongs to this complex, is an event-related potential proposed to index consciousness in different populations (Bekinschtein et al., 2009; Chennu and Bekinschtein, 2012). An EEG study revealed larger P300 mean laten ...
... Additional evidence comes from research into the P300 complex. The P3b event, which belongs to this complex, is an event-related potential proposed to index consciousness in different populations (Bekinschtein et al., 2009; Chennu and Bekinschtein, 2012). An EEG study revealed larger P300 mean laten ...
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... someone else do, we do as well — in our minds. At its most basic, this finding means we mentally rehearse or imitate every action we witness, whether it is a somersault or a subtle smile. It explains much about how we learn to smile, talk, walk, dance or play tennis. At a deeper level, it suggests a ...
... someone else do, we do as well — in our minds. At its most basic, this finding means we mentally rehearse or imitate every action we witness, whether it is a somersault or a subtle smile. It explains much about how we learn to smile, talk, walk, dance or play tennis. At a deeper level, it suggests a ...
Wrinkles, Wormholes, and Hamlet
... to eradicate (leading to “Cartesian Theatre,” the “software/hardware” understanding of mind and brain, etc.).8 In his introduction to The Foundations of Cognitive Science (2001), João Branquinho points out that, as explored in the chapters of the book, “cognitive science” includes more than the info ...
... to eradicate (leading to “Cartesian Theatre,” the “software/hardware” understanding of mind and brain, etc.).8 In his introduction to The Foundations of Cognitive Science (2001), João Branquinho points out that, as explored in the chapters of the book, “cognitive science” includes more than the info ...
Latest Findings in the Mechanisms of Cortical `Arousal`: `Enabling
... to be states of consciousness in the phenomenal sense of having conscious experiences; but to bestow that title to only waking states in the medical sense of being conscious of ones surroundings. While REM and waking states share some commonalities in terms of "phenomenal" experiences – "The dream s ...
... to be states of consciousness in the phenomenal sense of having conscious experiences; but to bestow that title to only waking states in the medical sense of being conscious of ones surroundings. While REM and waking states share some commonalities in terms of "phenomenal" experiences – "The dream s ...
Latest Findings in the Mechanisms of Cortical `Arousal`: `Enabling
... to be states of consciousness in the phenomenal sense of having conscious experiences; but to bestow that title to only waking states in the medical sense of being conscious of ones surroundings. While REM and waking states share some commonalities in terms of "phenomenal" experiences – "The dream s ...
... to be states of consciousness in the phenomenal sense of having conscious experiences; but to bestow that title to only waking states in the medical sense of being conscious of ones surroundings. While REM and waking states share some commonalities in terms of "phenomenal" experiences – "The dream s ...
The Premotor Cortex and Mirror Neurons
... by further neurophysiological investigations. In one of these4 it has been demonstrated that mirror neurons discharge also when the hand-target interaction is hidden behind a screen, thus showing that the motor representation of the observed motor act is retrieved even in absence of its full visual ...
... by further neurophysiological investigations. In one of these4 it has been demonstrated that mirror neurons discharge also when the hand-target interaction is hidden behind a screen, thus showing that the motor representation of the observed motor act is retrieved even in absence of its full visual ...
The Neurobehavioral Nature of Fishes and the
... function, including sensory perception and psychological experience, are based on specific, identifiable properties of nervous system structure. This principle is most obvious for sensory and motor function. Sensory regions of the cerebral cortex show pronounced species differences in macroscopic an ...
... function, including sensory perception and psychological experience, are based on specific, identifiable properties of nervous system structure. This principle is most obvious for sensory and motor function. Sensory regions of the cerebral cortex show pronounced species differences in macroscopic an ...
Animal consciousness
Animal consciousness, or animal awareness, is the quality or state of self-awareness within an animal, or, of being aware of an external object or something within itself. In humans, consciousness has been defined as: sentience, awareness, subjectivity, qualia, the ability to experience or to feel, wakefulness, having a sense of selfhood, and the executive control system of the mind. Despite the difficulty in definition, many philosophers believe there is a broadly shared underlying intuition about what consciousness is.The topic of animal consciousness is beset with a number of difficulties. It poses the problem of other minds in an especially severe form because animals, lacking the ability to express human language, cannot tell us about their experiences. Also, it is difficult to reason objectively about the question, because a denial that an animal is conscious is often taken to imply that it does not feel, its life has no value, and that harming it is not morally wrong. The 17th-century French philosopher René Descartes, for example, has sometimes been blamed for mistreatment of animals because he argued that only humans are conscious.Philosophers who consider subjective experience the essence of consciousness also generally believe, as a correlate, that the existence and nature of animal consciousness can never rigorously be known. The American philosopher Thomas Nagel spelled out this point of view in an influential essay titled What Is it Like to Be a Bat?. He said that an organism is conscious ""if and only if there is something that it is like to be that organism — something it is like for the organism""; and he argued that no matter how much we know about an animal's brain and behavior, we can never really put ourselves into the mind of the animal and experience its world in the way it does itself. Other thinkers, such as the cognitive scientist Douglas Hofstadter, dismiss this argument as incoherent. Several psychologists and ethologists have argued for the existence of animal consciousness by describing a range of behaviors that appear to show animals holding beliefs about things they cannot directly perceive — Donald Griffin's 2001 book Animal Minds reviews a substantial portion of the evidence.Animal consciousness has been actively researched for over 100 years. In 1927 the American functional psychologist Harvey Carr argued that any valid measure or understanding of awareness in animals depends on ""an accurate and complete knowledge of its essential conditions in man"". A more recent review concluded in 1985 that ""the best approach is to use experiment (especially psychophysics) and observation to trace the dawning and ontogeny of self-consciousness, perception, communication, intention, beliefs, and reflection in normal human fetuses, infants, and children.""