The College of Health and Human Development
... described as the result of insular dwarfism that caused allopatric speciation in isolation over the course of hundreds of thousands of years. However, as will be developed in detail later, from shortly after the announcement of the new species proposal, an alternative hypothesis was offered: that th ...
... described as the result of insular dwarfism that caused allopatric speciation in isolation over the course of hundreds of thousands of years. However, as will be developed in detail later, from shortly after the announcement of the new species proposal, an alternative hypothesis was offered: that th ...
Identity-by-descent filtering of exome sequence data for disease
... cited above, it is not always applicable. Many of the thousands of Mendelian disorders listed in OMIM, whose genetic basis is unknown, are often only clinically well characterized in members of a single family. Obviously, a filtering approach that focuses on genes that are affected by variants in wh ...
... cited above, it is not always applicable. Many of the thousands of Mendelian disorders listed in OMIM, whose genetic basis is unknown, are often only clinically well characterized in members of a single family. Obviously, a filtering approach that focuses on genes that are affected by variants in wh ...
Processing the RefSeq and CCDS Annotation Datasets Using the SAS System: Creation of Gene Reference
... The MACRO statement that indicates the start of the macro code and names the macro uses keyword parameters to give the user flexibility (Lines 1-3). When the user calls the macro, he or she must provide values for the parameters, GENE and NM. Whereas GENE can be any SAS name the user desires, NM is ...
... The MACRO statement that indicates the start of the macro code and names the macro uses keyword parameters to give the user flexibility (Lines 1-3). When the user calls the macro, he or she must provide values for the parameters, GENE and NM. Whereas GENE can be any SAS name the user desires, NM is ...
drosophila melanogaster.
... rather quickly by artificial selection. It was also noted that genetic random drift plays an important role when the number of individuals selected is small. In the present paper the results of simulated natural selection will be presented. I n a mathematical study of the effect of selection of doub ...
... rather quickly by artificial selection. It was also noted that genetic random drift plays an important role when the number of individuals selected is small. In the present paper the results of simulated natural selection will be presented. I n a mathematical study of the effect of selection of doub ...
NEOPOLYPLOIDY IN FLOWERING PLANTS
... a combination of morphological, phenological and life-history characteristics. Further progress toward understanding polyploid evolution will require studies in natural populations that can evaluate the demographic and larger ecological significance of the cytogenetic and phenotypic character of neo ...
... a combination of morphological, phenological and life-history characteristics. Further progress toward understanding polyploid evolution will require studies in natural populations that can evaluate the demographic and larger ecological significance of the cytogenetic and phenotypic character of neo ...
D:\My Documents\WordPerfect\WordPerfect 8.0\2001Report
... (intron) sequences. Each individual gene differs not only with respect to its DNA sequence but also with respect to its structure. A few human genes, e.g. histone genes, interferon genes, and mitochondrial genes, are devoid of introns, whereas some possess a considerable number of introns, with thei ...
... (intron) sequences. Each individual gene differs not only with respect to its DNA sequence but also with respect to its structure. A few human genes, e.g. histone genes, interferon genes, and mitochondrial genes, are devoid of introns, whereas some possess a considerable number of introns, with thei ...
Benzimidazole resistance survey for Haemonchus - diss.fu
... codon F200Y (TTC to TAC) of isotype-1 b-tubulin of Haemonchus contortus, leading to the expression of tyrosine instead of phenylalanine (Kwa et al., 1994, 1995). Furthermore, two additional codons, codon F167Y (TTC to TAC) (Prichard, 2001) and codon E198A (GAA to GCA) (Ghisi et al., 2007) have also ...
... codon F200Y (TTC to TAC) of isotype-1 b-tubulin of Haemonchus contortus, leading to the expression of tyrosine instead of phenylalanine (Kwa et al., 1994, 1995). Furthermore, two additional codons, codon F167Y (TTC to TAC) (Prichard, 2001) and codon E198A (GAA to GCA) (Ghisi et al., 2007) have also ...
Pourcel et al., Microbiology 2005
... same at all three sites, except for the very first repeat, which lacks a few base-pairs. (b) On one side of the CRISPR structure, a conserved region of less than 200 bp called the leader sequence is observed. The leader sequences from the three sites are aligned; asterisks indicate identity in all t ...
... same at all three sites, except for the very first repeat, which lacks a few base-pairs. (b) On one side of the CRISPR structure, a conserved region of less than 200 bp called the leader sequence is observed. The leader sequences from the three sites are aligned; asterisks indicate identity in all t ...
Parasexual Genetics in Dictyostelium discoideum
... (IO-~)haploids without preselection on drugs is not practical in D. discoideum, although visual selection of haploid segregants on the basis of recessive colour mutations is used routinely in Aspergillus nidulans (Pontecorvo & Kafer, I 958). Hence other selective markers must be sought. Katz & Sussm ...
... (IO-~)haploids without preselection on drugs is not practical in D. discoideum, although visual selection of haploid segregants on the basis of recessive colour mutations is used routinely in Aspergillus nidulans (Pontecorvo & Kafer, I 958). Hence other selective markers must be sought. Katz & Sussm ...
ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS AND ITS EFFECTS ON MUTATION
... dominant forces that change the genome are recombination, epistasis (both of which act upon preexisting mutations), and new mutations (Futuyma 1979). The Role of Mutation in Adaptation Spontaneous mutation plays a fundamental role in evolution as the ultimate source of heritable variation (Kavanaugh ...
... dominant forces that change the genome are recombination, epistasis (both of which act upon preexisting mutations), and new mutations (Futuyma 1979). The Role of Mutation in Adaptation Spontaneous mutation plays a fundamental role in evolution as the ultimate source of heritable variation (Kavanaugh ...
Basic Principles of Heredity
... F1 of this cross, he found that they expressed only one of the phenotypes present in the parental generation: all the F1 seeds were round. Mendel carried out 60 such crosses and always obtained this result. He also conducted reciprocal crosses: in one cross, pollen (the male gamete) was taken from a ...
... F1 of this cross, he found that they expressed only one of the phenotypes present in the parental generation: all the F1 seeds were round. Mendel carried out 60 such crosses and always obtained this result. He also conducted reciprocal crosses: in one cross, pollen (the male gamete) was taken from a ...
ABSTRACT Using a bioinformatics approach to identify genes that
... protein expression in the retina and to research any diseases the gene is associated with, through MalaCards. Pathway Commons is used to gain more insight into the pathways in which the genes are involved. The result is two annotated lists of ranked genes, one related to non-RP eye phenotypes and o ...
... protein expression in the retina and to research any diseases the gene is associated with, through MalaCards. Pathway Commons is used to gain more insight into the pathways in which the genes are involved. The result is two annotated lists of ranked genes, one related to non-RP eye phenotypes and o ...
1 RUNNING TITLE Diversity and selection of
... control fruit locule number and flat shape. We investigated the distribution of the fruit shape alleles in the tomato germplasm and evaluated their contribution to morphology in a diverse collection of 368 predominantly S. lycopersicum and S. lycopersicum var. cerasiforme accessions. Fruits were vis ...
... control fruit locule number and flat shape. We investigated the distribution of the fruit shape alleles in the tomato germplasm and evaluated their contribution to morphology in a diverse collection of 368 predominantly S. lycopersicum and S. lycopersicum var. cerasiforme accessions. Fruits were vis ...
Distribution and Concordance of N-Acetyltransferase Genotype and
... NAT2.4 Polymorphisms of NAT2 are known to result in variation of acetylation activity and have been associated with the incidence of several diseases (5). Generally, single-nt substitutions in NAT2 result in low activity, decreased expression, and enzyme instability (23). A slow acetylator phenotype ...
... NAT2.4 Polymorphisms of NAT2 are known to result in variation of acetylation activity and have been associated with the incidence of several diseases (5). Generally, single-nt substitutions in NAT2 result in low activity, decreased expression, and enzyme instability (23). A slow acetylator phenotype ...
Trait to gene analysis reveals that allelic variation in three genes
... alleles at SOG1) and A12DHd so that the BC1 seeds produced would have embryos that are heterozygous and contain alleles from both parents in the SOG1 region. However, the surrounding maternal tissues would be either AGSL101 or A12DHd, and seed performance would therefore differ if there were a mater ...
... alleles at SOG1) and A12DHd so that the BC1 seeds produced would have embryos that are heterozygous and contain alleles from both parents in the SOG1 region. However, the surrounding maternal tissues would be either AGSL101 or A12DHd, and seed performance would therefore differ if there were a mater ...
CFTR Mutations in Congenital Absence of Vas Deferens
... reach the apical membrane of the cell, but which result in abnormal regulatory properties of the chloride channel. Class IV mutations result in CFTR channels having abnormal conductive properties, because of mutations in the conductivity pore. Finally, class V mutations result in some functional CFT ...
... reach the apical membrane of the cell, but which result in abnormal regulatory properties of the chloride channel. Class IV mutations result in CFTR channels having abnormal conductive properties, because of mutations in the conductivity pore. Finally, class V mutations result in some functional CFT ...
Effect of the Polymorphisms of Keratin Associated Protein 8.2 Gene
... Effect of the Polymorphisms of Keratin Associated Protein 8.2 Gene on Fibre Traits in Inner Mongolia Cashmere Goats* Haiying Liu, Ning Li1, Cunling Jia2, Xiaoping Zhu and Zhihai Jia** College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, P. R. China ABSTRACT : The ...
... Effect of the Polymorphisms of Keratin Associated Protein 8.2 Gene on Fibre Traits in Inner Mongolia Cashmere Goats* Haiying Liu, Ning Li1, Cunling Jia2, Xiaoping Zhu and Zhihai Jia** College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, P. R. China ABSTRACT : The ...
Speciation: more likely through a genetic or through a learned
... Recently, theoretical studies have shown that speciation through a learned habitat preference is extremely effective (Beltman et al. 2004; Beltman & Haccou 2005). In these previous theoretical analyses it was assumed that the learning of habitat features was already present from the onset of speciat ...
... Recently, theoretical studies have shown that speciation through a learned habitat preference is extremely effective (Beltman et al. 2004; Beltman & Haccou 2005). In these previous theoretical analyses it was assumed that the learning of habitat features was already present from the onset of speciat ...
Loss of heterozygosity at D8S262: an early genetic event of
... precancerous lesion of HCC. However, many professional scholars considered that the histopathological characteristics of NAH was similar to that of DN when our previous studies were reviewed by them [10], and it should be classified as DN according to their comments and WHO criteria. As the scheme o ...
... precancerous lesion of HCC. However, many professional scholars considered that the histopathological characteristics of NAH was similar to that of DN when our previous studies were reviewed by them [10], and it should be classified as DN according to their comments and WHO criteria. As the scheme o ...
dominant - Zanichelli
... “Inheritance of one trait is determined by pairs of ‘factors’ that segregate in the gamete formation” Each gamete contains only one factor from each pair ...
... “Inheritance of one trait is determined by pairs of ‘factors’ that segregate in the gamete formation” Each gamete contains only one factor from each pair ...
Variation and Selection at the CAULIFLOWER Floral Homeotic
... suites of structural traits that differentiate cultivated species from their wild relatives, or even between various crop subspecies (Schwanitz 1967; Doebley 1993). Crop species have thus been widely regarded as providing some of the best and most dramatic examples of the degree to which plant morph ...
... suites of structural traits that differentiate cultivated species from their wild relatives, or even between various crop subspecies (Schwanitz 1967; Doebley 1993). Crop species have thus been widely regarded as providing some of the best and most dramatic examples of the degree to which plant morph ...
Presentazione di PowerPoint
... “Inheritance of one trait is determined by pairs of ‘factors’ that segregate in the gamete formation” Each gamete contains only one factor from each pair ...
... “Inheritance of one trait is determined by pairs of ‘factors’ that segregate in the gamete formation” Each gamete contains only one factor from each pair ...
Application of molecular markers in plant breeding
... attenuation in malting barley). -alleles not expressed in the selection environment. -combining traits that might mask each other’s effects (e.g. pyramiding resistance genes). Modern plant breeding is not only based on genotype-building but also on manipulating variation within gene-pools of a cross ...
... attenuation in malting barley). -alleles not expressed in the selection environment. -combining traits that might mask each other’s effects (e.g. pyramiding resistance genes). Modern plant breeding is not only based on genotype-building but also on manipulating variation within gene-pools of a cross ...
Chapter 7- Ecology of Phenotypic Plasticity
... 1) Why aren't costs of plasticity measured in the ultimate context-that of annual or lifetime production of offspring? Even better- why not look at the output of these offspring as the ultimate expression of fitness (in order to correct for some of the Bradshaw-Sultan effect). Throughout Pigliucci's ...
... 1) Why aren't costs of plasticity measured in the ultimate context-that of annual or lifetime production of offspring? Even better- why not look at the output of these offspring as the ultimate expression of fitness (in order to correct for some of the Bradshaw-Sultan effect). Throughout Pigliucci's ...
The use of genetic markers in poultry breeding
... important traits (Botstein etcd. 1980). After a successful search for QTLs, genetic markers can be applied in breeding programmes. Conventional breedingmethodshavebeenwellapplied inpoultry breeding leadingto asubstantialrateofgeneticimprovement(Smith 1985).Inpoultry, nucleusbreeding schemes are appl ...
... important traits (Botstein etcd. 1980). After a successful search for QTLs, genetic markers can be applied in breeding programmes. Conventional breedingmethodshavebeenwellapplied inpoultry breeding leadingto asubstantialrateofgeneticimprovement(Smith 1985).Inpoultry, nucleusbreeding schemes are appl ...
Human genetic variation
Human genetic variation is the genetic differences both within and among populations. There may be multiple variants of any given gene in the human population (genes), leading to polymorphism. Many genes are not polymorphic, meaning that only a single allele is present in the population: the gene is then said to be fixed. On average, in terms of DNA sequence all humans are 99.9% similar to any other humans.No two humans are genetically identical. Even monozygotic twins, who develop from one zygote, have infrequent genetic differences due to mutations occurring during development and gene copy-number variation. Differences between individuals, even closely related individuals, are the key to techniques such as genetic fingerprinting. Alleles occur at different frequencies in different human populations, with populations that are more geographically and ancestrally remote tending to differ more.Causes of differences between individuals include the exchange of genes during meiosis and various mutational events. There are at least two reasons why genetic variation exists between populations. Natural selection may confer an adaptive advantage to individuals in a specific environment if an allele provides a competitive advantage. Alleles under selection are likely to occur only in those geographic regions where they confer an advantage. The second main cause of genetic variation is due to the high degree of neutrality of most mutations. Most mutations do not appear to have any selective effect one way or the other on the organism. The main cause is genetic drift, this is the effect of random changes in the gene pool. In humans, founder effect and past small population size (increasing the likelihood of genetic drift) may have had an important influence in neutral differences between populations. The theory that humans recently migrated out of Africa supports this.The study of human genetic variation has both evolutionary significance and medical applications. It can help scientists understand ancient human population migrations as well as how different human groups are biologically related to one another. For medicine, study of human genetic variation may be important because some disease-causing alleles occur more often in people from specific geographic regions. New findings show that each human has on average 60 new mutations compared to their parents.Apart from mutations, many genes that may have aided humans in ancient times plague humans today. For example, it is suspected that genes that allow humans to more efficiently process food are those that make people susceptible to obesity and diabetes today.