Quantitative trait loci affecting amylose, amylopectin and starch
... were harvested from field grown plants for two successive years and under two pollination systems. Main effect and epistasis QTLs were detected using two methods, composite interval mapping (MQTL) and ANOVA. Despite large year-to-year differences, physiologically meaningful co-locations were observe ...
... were harvested from field grown plants for two successive years and under two pollination systems. Main effect and epistasis QTLs were detected using two methods, composite interval mapping (MQTL) and ANOVA. Despite large year-to-year differences, physiologically meaningful co-locations were observe ...
The pleiotropic structure of the genotype–phenotype
... rather than by removing or creating an entire gene. Mutational pleiotropy tends to be smaller than gene plei‑ otropy (for examples, see REF. 25). nevertheless, one can argue that the pleiotropy of knockout genotypes gives an upper limit of mutational pleiotropy, as it is plausible that a complete lo ...
... rather than by removing or creating an entire gene. Mutational pleiotropy tends to be smaller than gene plei‑ otropy (for examples, see REF. 25). nevertheless, one can argue that the pleiotropy of knockout genotypes gives an upper limit of mutational pleiotropy, as it is plausible that a complete lo ...
PPT
... Aggregation = more read-through UTR mutations usually occur and have no effect, so organism doesn’t die and allele is ...
... Aggregation = more read-through UTR mutations usually occur and have no effect, so organism doesn’t die and allele is ...
19. - 21. März 2014 in Essen - Deutsche Gesellschaft für
... meiner Sicht diesmal ein besonders spannendes Programm zusammengestellt, das auch gut die wissenschaftlichen Interessen des Essener Instituts widerspiegelt. Die Themen der Symposia sind: „Der SWI/SNF Komplex bei menschlichen Erkrankungen“, „Evolution: das variable menschliche Genom“, „Telomere und T ...
... meiner Sicht diesmal ein besonders spannendes Programm zusammengestellt, das auch gut die wissenschaftlichen Interessen des Essener Instituts widerspiegelt. Die Themen der Symposia sind: „Der SWI/SNF Komplex bei menschlichen Erkrankungen“, „Evolution: das variable menschliche Genom“, „Telomere und T ...
Quantitative Trait Analysis in Plants
... ,.i;:1 "llhe estimated additive effects is associated with the allele from the male parent. For example. the estimated additive elrect for !:-.c ::~,I QTL listed (- 9.1) indicates that the allele from MOl7 is associated with families that arc. on the average, 9.1 cm shorter. r ~~ .':::n as~ociated w ...
... ,.i;:1 "llhe estimated additive effects is associated with the allele from the male parent. For example. the estimated additive elrect for !:-.c ::~,I QTL listed (- 9.1) indicates that the allele from MOl7 is associated with families that arc. on the average, 9.1 cm shorter. r ~~ .':::n as~ociated w ...
4-way cross: outbred parents
... IBD and QTL covariance • consider a particular locus (not necessarily QTL) and two individuals Y1,Y2, related in some fashion • kj = pr(Y1,Y2 share j alleles IBD), j = 0,1,2 • π = k2+ k1/2 = coefficient of relationship = pr( random allele is IBD at locus ) • genetic covariance from m QTL – additive ...
... IBD and QTL covariance • consider a particular locus (not necessarily QTL) and two individuals Y1,Y2, related in some fashion • kj = pr(Y1,Y2 share j alleles IBD), j = 0,1,2 • π = k2+ k1/2 = coefficient of relationship = pr( random allele is IBD at locus ) • genetic covariance from m QTL – additive ...
The Origins of Genetics
... develop rules that accurately predict patterns of heredity. The patterns that Mendel discovered form the basis of genetics , the branch of biology that focuses on heredity. Mendel’s parents were peasants, so he learned much about agriculture. This knowledge became invaluable later in his life. As a ...
... develop rules that accurately predict patterns of heredity. The patterns that Mendel discovered form the basis of genetics , the branch of biology that focuses on heredity. Mendel’s parents were peasants, so he learned much about agriculture. This knowledge became invaluable later in his life. As a ...
Genetics of Alcohol Metabolism
... the activation of peroxisomal catalase by increased generation of hydrogen peroxide via peroxisomal b-oxidation can lead to a hypermetabolic state and a swift increase in alcohol metabolism under some conditions [56]. This state may contribute to alcohol-related inflammation and necrosis in alcoholi ...
... the activation of peroxisomal catalase by increased generation of hydrogen peroxide via peroxisomal b-oxidation can lead to a hypermetabolic state and a swift increase in alcohol metabolism under some conditions [56]. This state may contribute to alcohol-related inflammation and necrosis in alcoholi ...
Variability of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) alleles located on
... Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) is primarily responsible for the enzymatic browning of Asian noodles and other flour products. In order to investigate how the allelic variability of PPO genes affect the kernel PPO activities, we used the two currently available sequence-tagged-site (STS) markers of PPO gen ...
... Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) is primarily responsible for the enzymatic browning of Asian noodles and other flour products. In order to investigate how the allelic variability of PPO genes affect the kernel PPO activities, we used the two currently available sequence-tagged-site (STS) markers of PPO gen ...
Human respiratory mucins Human respiratory Lamblin, J.P.
... kDa with light scattering [1, 12, 13]. Most groups agree on the large polydispersity of these molecules. A major advance in the understanding of mucin conformation occurred with the introduction of electron microscopy for studying mucin molecules. Human respiratory mucins appeared as polydisperse, l ...
... kDa with light scattering [1, 12, 13]. Most groups agree on the large polydispersity of these molecules. A major advance in the understanding of mucin conformation occurred with the introduction of electron microscopy for studying mucin molecules. Human respiratory mucins appeared as polydisperse, l ...
Genetics of Alcohol Metabolism
... the activation of peroxisomal catalase by increased generation of hydrogen peroxide via peroxisomal b-oxidation can lead to a hypermetabolic state and a swift increase in alcohol metabolism under some conditions [56]. This state may contribute to alcohol-related inflammation and necrosis in alcoholi ...
... the activation of peroxisomal catalase by increased generation of hydrogen peroxide via peroxisomal b-oxidation can lead to a hypermetabolic state and a swift increase in alcohol metabolism under some conditions [56]. This state may contribute to alcohol-related inflammation and necrosis in alcoholi ...
Phylogenetic analysis of three complete gap
... gene accession numbers for each connexin. Italicized accession numbers indicate partial predicted transcripts. Boldfaced entries are the gene names for the zebrafish connexins. ...
... gene accession numbers for each connexin. Italicized accession numbers indicate partial predicted transcripts. Boldfaced entries are the gene names for the zebrafish connexins. ...
Complete comparative genomic analysis of two field isolates of
... region (7?7 % of the genome), there are 261 of the 521 point mutations, accounting for 50 % of the total nucleotide changes. Of the 261 point mutations, 82 cause nonsynonymous changes and only the chitinase and orf27 genes do not have any amino acid changes. This region also contains multiple deleti ...
... region (7?7 % of the genome), there are 261 of the 521 point mutations, accounting for 50 % of the total nucleotide changes. Of the 261 point mutations, 82 cause nonsynonymous changes and only the chitinase and orf27 genes do not have any amino acid changes. This region also contains multiple deleti ...
please click, ppt - Department of Statistics | Rajshahi University
... one another on the same chromosome. Linkage analysis of markers lays a foundation for the construction of a genetic linkage map and the subsequent molecular dissection of quantitative traits using the map. Linkage analysis is based on the cosegregation of adjacent markers and their cotransmission to ...
... one another on the same chromosome. Linkage analysis of markers lays a foundation for the construction of a genetic linkage map and the subsequent molecular dissection of quantitative traits using the map. Linkage analysis is based on the cosegregation of adjacent markers and their cotransmission to ...
Notes on Population Genetics
... to each other than two random individuals drawn from some reference population. When two related individuals produce an offspring, that individual can receive two alleles that are identical by descent, i.e. they can be homozygous by descent (sometimes termed autozygous), due to the fact that they ha ...
... to each other than two random individuals drawn from some reference population. When two related individuals produce an offspring, that individual can receive two alleles that are identical by descent, i.e. they can be homozygous by descent (sometimes termed autozygous), due to the fact that they ha ...
Vernalization Gene Architecture as a Predictor of Growth Habit in
... An alternative measure of vernalization requirement that should avoid the confounding ...
... An alternative measure of vernalization requirement that should avoid the confounding ...
The obstruction of adaptation in diploids by recessive deleterious
... mutation to be completely recessive (hb ≈ 1, hd ≈ 0). We emphasize that our model and analytic predictions can be extended to cases of partial dominance (i.e., hd ≠ 0, hb ≠ 1), as long as the effect of the beneficial mutation in the heterozygote is stronger than that of the deleterious mutation (hb ...
... mutation to be completely recessive (hb ≈ 1, hd ≈ 0). We emphasize that our model and analytic predictions can be extended to cases of partial dominance (i.e., hd ≠ 0, hb ≠ 1), as long as the effect of the beneficial mutation in the heterozygote is stronger than that of the deleterious mutation (hb ...
Molecular and genetic characterization of genes involved in maize
... Hanover, 1987). Cuticular waxes have also been shown to have important roles in protection from frost induced injury (Harwood, 1980; Marcellos and Burke, 1979; Thomas and Barber, 1974; Single and Marcellos, 1974), pathogens (Kolattukudy, 1987; Jenks et al., 1994), in addition to roles in pollen-stig ...
... Hanover, 1987). Cuticular waxes have also been shown to have important roles in protection from frost induced injury (Harwood, 1980; Marcellos and Burke, 1979; Thomas and Barber, 1974; Single and Marcellos, 1974), pathogens (Kolattukudy, 1987; Jenks et al., 1994), in addition to roles in pollen-stig ...
Causes that Make a Difference - Philsci
... physical sciences. In physical sciences, investigators often prize causal generalizations that hold over as wide a range of conditions as possible. Indeed, many philosophers of science claim that physical scientists seek causal generalizations which hold over all possible conditions. There is an act ...
... physical sciences. In physical sciences, investigators often prize causal generalizations that hold over as wide a range of conditions as possible. Indeed, many philosophers of science claim that physical scientists seek causal generalizations which hold over all possible conditions. There is an act ...
the taxonomic status of mimulus sookensis
... a mile of and on a very similar site to the [tetraploid] population 91-17 [in Douglas Co.]" (p. 108). Perhaps underlying Benedict's reluctance to specify parents was her observation of Mimulus nasutus-guttatus hybrids of intermediate morphology (unlike M. sookensis) at two localities –– one in Calav ...
... a mile of and on a very similar site to the [tetraploid] population 91-17 [in Douglas Co.]" (p. 108). Perhaps underlying Benedict's reluctance to specify parents was her observation of Mimulus nasutus-guttatus hybrids of intermediate morphology (unlike M. sookensis) at two localities –– one in Calav ...
Comparative gene mapping in Arabidopsis lyrata chromosomes 6
... differ considerably. Their map distances may nevertheless be similar if recombination occurs largely within coding sequences, and if gene content is similar in homologous intervals in both species. Restriction of crossovers to the genes has previously been inferred from the similarity of genetic map ...
... differ considerably. Their map distances may nevertheless be similar if recombination occurs largely within coding sequences, and if gene content is similar in homologous intervals in both species. Restriction of crossovers to the genes has previously been inferred from the similarity of genetic map ...
univERsity oF copEnhAGEn
... Bay-0 3 Sha RILs and compared the trait distribution among 403 RILs to the Bay-0 and Sha parental means (Table 1). Some RILs accumulated two aliphatic glucosinolates (4-methylsulfinylbutyl [4-MSO] and 4-methylthiobutyl [4-MT]) that are not found in the parental accessions. Transgressive segregation f ...
... Bay-0 3 Sha RILs and compared the trait distribution among 403 RILs to the Bay-0 and Sha parental means (Table 1). Some RILs accumulated two aliphatic glucosinolates (4-methylsulfinylbutyl [4-MSO] and 4-methylthiobutyl [4-MT]) that are not found in the parental accessions. Transgressive segregation f ...
POPULATION GENETICS – BIOL 101
... A species is a population of organisms in which interbreeding takes place; these organisms are reproductively isolated from other populations. In order to comprehend how the characteristics of a species may change in time, we can study the variation in the relative frequencies of alleles for a parti ...
... A species is a population of organisms in which interbreeding takes place; these organisms are reproductively isolated from other populations. In order to comprehend how the characteristics of a species may change in time, we can study the variation in the relative frequencies of alleles for a parti ...
Inheritance involved in the pathogenesis of idiopathic scoliosis
... Received: April 02, 2008, accepted: April 14, 2008, published: April 22, 2008 ...
... Received: April 02, 2008, accepted: April 14, 2008, published: April 22, 2008 ...
Human genetic variation
Human genetic variation is the genetic differences both within and among populations. There may be multiple variants of any given gene in the human population (genes), leading to polymorphism. Many genes are not polymorphic, meaning that only a single allele is present in the population: the gene is then said to be fixed. On average, in terms of DNA sequence all humans are 99.9% similar to any other humans.No two humans are genetically identical. Even monozygotic twins, who develop from one zygote, have infrequent genetic differences due to mutations occurring during development and gene copy-number variation. Differences between individuals, even closely related individuals, are the key to techniques such as genetic fingerprinting. Alleles occur at different frequencies in different human populations, with populations that are more geographically and ancestrally remote tending to differ more.Causes of differences between individuals include the exchange of genes during meiosis and various mutational events. There are at least two reasons why genetic variation exists between populations. Natural selection may confer an adaptive advantage to individuals in a specific environment if an allele provides a competitive advantage. Alleles under selection are likely to occur only in those geographic regions where they confer an advantage. The second main cause of genetic variation is due to the high degree of neutrality of most mutations. Most mutations do not appear to have any selective effect one way or the other on the organism. The main cause is genetic drift, this is the effect of random changes in the gene pool. In humans, founder effect and past small population size (increasing the likelihood of genetic drift) may have had an important influence in neutral differences between populations. The theory that humans recently migrated out of Africa supports this.The study of human genetic variation has both evolutionary significance and medical applications. It can help scientists understand ancient human population migrations as well as how different human groups are biologically related to one another. For medicine, study of human genetic variation may be important because some disease-causing alleles occur more often in people from specific geographic regions. New findings show that each human has on average 60 new mutations compared to their parents.Apart from mutations, many genes that may have aided humans in ancient times plague humans today. For example, it is suspected that genes that allow humans to more efficiently process food are those that make people susceptible to obesity and diabetes today.