The Absolute Chronology and Thermal Processing of Solids in the
... regions (<1000 K) and higher ambient vapor pressures (≥10−3 bar) than CAIs, resulting in igneous porphyritic textures (10). Despite their formation by different mechanisms (condensation versus dust accretion) in distinct environments (11), these objects share common histories of exposure to brief, h ...
... regions (<1000 K) and higher ambient vapor pressures (≥10−3 bar) than CAIs, resulting in igneous porphyritic textures (10). Despite their formation by different mechanisms (condensation versus dust accretion) in distinct environments (11), these objects share common histories of exposure to brief, h ...
Solar flux variation of the electron temperature morning
... decayed to 150 km when the successful mission ended with the reentry of the satellite into the atmosphere on 19 September 2010. Successive satellite passes were separated by 23° in geographic longitude. The progress in local time was about 5.5 min per day, thus one full local time coverage was obtai ...
... decayed to 150 km when the successful mission ended with the reentry of the satellite into the atmosphere on 19 September 2010. Successive satellite passes were separated by 23° in geographic longitude. The progress in local time was about 5.5 min per day, thus one full local time coverage was obtai ...
A single picture for solar coronal outflows and radio noise storms
... that the blue-shifts were associated with regions where the extrapolated coronal field lines appeared open. Similar suggestions were made by Harra et al. (2008) and Doschek et al. (2008). Baker et al. (2009) presented Hinode/EIS observations of NOAA 10942 and supplemented them with detailed magnetic ...
... that the blue-shifts were associated with regions where the extrapolated coronal field lines appeared open. Similar suggestions were made by Harra et al. (2008) and Doschek et al. (2008). Baker et al. (2009) presented Hinode/EIS observations of NOAA 10942 and supplemented them with detailed magnetic ...
X-Ray and Extreme Ultraviolet Emission from Comets
... 1997). X-ray emission has now been detected from 18 comets to date (Table 1) using a variety of X-ray sensitive spacecraft — BeppoSAX, ROSAT, the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer (EUVE), and more recently, Chandra and XMMNewton. All comets within 2 AU of the Sun and brighter than V = 12 have been detect ...
... 1997). X-ray emission has now been detected from 18 comets to date (Table 1) using a variety of X-ray sensitive spacecraft — BeppoSAX, ROSAT, the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer (EUVE), and more recently, Chandra and XMMNewton. All comets within 2 AU of the Sun and brighter than V = 12 have been detect ...
The solar silicon abundance based on 3D non
... the assumption that the material is in local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE; e.g. Asplund 2005). The problems with 1D hydrostatic model atmospheres stem from their unrealistic treatment of convection; since they neglect fluid motions and time evolution, 1D model atmospheres must therefore rely on th ...
... the assumption that the material is in local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE; e.g. Asplund 2005). The problems with 1D hydrostatic model atmospheres stem from their unrealistic treatment of convection; since they neglect fluid motions and time evolution, 1D model atmospheres must therefore rely on th ...
Probability of Solar Flares Turn Out to Form a Coronal Mass
... was found since the first observations of solar radio emission in the late 1940‟s [1]. The study of solar flares and CMEs variations from the corona magnetic region is the most active manifestation of solar activity and one of the main solar activities is of scientific interest because it reveals th ...
... was found since the first observations of solar radio emission in the late 1940‟s [1]. The study of solar flares and CMEs variations from the corona magnetic region is the most active manifestation of solar activity and one of the main solar activities is of scientific interest because it reveals th ...
Global Properties of Solar Flares
... et al. 2005; Hudson et al. 2010), also occurs in the impulsive phase, along with the powerful electron acceleration. The microwave emission requires electrons at energies of 0.1-1 MeV. During the impulsive phase a comparable amount of energy also may appear suddenly in γ-ray-emitting energetic ions ...
... et al. 2005; Hudson et al. 2010), also occurs in the impulsive phase, along with the powerful electron acceleration. The microwave emission requires electrons at energies of 0.1-1 MeV. During the impulsive phase a comparable amount of energy also may appear suddenly in γ-ray-emitting energetic ions ...
Effects of Thomson-Scattering Geometry on White-Light
... inner heliosphere is not only determined by the local electron density, but also by Thomsonscattering theory. The Thomson-scattering geometry is defined by a sphere, on which the Sun and the observer are located on opposite ends of the diameter. The classical theory of Thomson scattering by Billings ...
... inner heliosphere is not only determined by the local electron density, but also by Thomsonscattering theory. The Thomson-scattering geometry is defined by a sphere, on which the Sun and the observer are located on opposite ends of the diameter. The classical theory of Thomson scattering by Billings ...
Numerical modeling of plasma structures and turbulence transport in
... coronal holes become ever less pronounced towards solar maximum and eventually the predominant polarity of the northern and southern hemisphere changes sign. A magnetic- or Hale-cycle therefore takes about 22 years. In the more active phases around solar maximum the coronal field exhibits a more com ...
... coronal holes become ever less pronounced towards solar maximum and eventually the predominant polarity of the northern and southern hemisphere changes sign. A magnetic- or Hale-cycle therefore takes about 22 years. In the more active phases around solar maximum the coronal field exhibits a more com ...
Coupling from the Photosphere to the Chromosphere and the
... Observations of the solar atmosphere reveal a wealth of different phenomena, which occur over an extended range of different temporal and spatial scales. This is not surprising, considering the fact that already basic parameters such as gas density and temperature span many orders of magnitude, from ...
... Observations of the solar atmosphere reveal a wealth of different phenomena, which occur over an extended range of different temporal and spatial scales. This is not surprising, considering the fact that already basic parameters such as gas density and temperature span many orders of magnitude, from ...
Solar Rotation - Stanford Solar Physics
... The Sun rotates differentially, i.e. the solar rotation rate varies with both latitude and radius. The differential rotation is particularly prominent in the convection zone where equatorial zones rotate almost 30% faster than near-polar regions. There are also strong variations of the rotation rate ...
... The Sun rotates differentially, i.e. the solar rotation rate varies with both latitude and radius. The differential rotation is particularly prominent in the convection zone where equatorial zones rotate almost 30% faster than near-polar regions. There are also strong variations of the rotation rate ...
Non-thermal hard X-ray emission from stellar coronae
... “Space weather” effects on planetary systems ...
... “Space weather” effects on planetary systems ...
On some properties of coronal mass ejections in solar cycle 23
... maximum. On one day during solar maximum, 13 CMEs were recorded by SOHO; there were several days with more than 10 CMEs (Gopalswamy et al. 20003a). The daily CME rate averaged over Carrington Rotation (27.3 days), increases from less than 1 during solar minimum in 1996 to slightly more than 6 during ...
... maximum. On one day during solar maximum, 13 CMEs were recorded by SOHO; there were several days with more than 10 CMEs (Gopalswamy et al. 20003a). The daily CME rate averaged over Carrington Rotation (27.3 days), increases from less than 1 during solar minimum in 1996 to slightly more than 6 during ...
The Present Status of Chinese Study of Solar Eclipses
... that occurred during a three-century period, and came up with four possible dates: 2043 BC, 2019 BC, 1970 BC, and 1961 BC. The research group led by Li Xueqin (1999) re-evaluated the famous “three flames eat the Sun” event which is typically associated with a solar eclipse, and found instead that it ...
... that occurred during a three-century period, and came up with four possible dates: 2043 BC, 2019 BC, 1970 BC, and 1961 BC. The research group led by Li Xueqin (1999) re-evaluated the famous “three flames eat the Sun” event which is typically associated with a solar eclipse, and found instead that it ...
MHD seismology as a tool to diagnose the coronae of X
... The Sun-like stars, especially the cool sub-dwarfs, having sufficiently thick convection zone in their sub-surface layers, can transport the magnetic fields in their coronae, and exhibit the transients with high energy emissions (e.g., X-rays), coronal heating, as well as some signature of the MHD w ...
... The Sun-like stars, especially the cool sub-dwarfs, having sufficiently thick convection zone in their sub-surface layers, can transport the magnetic fields in their coronae, and exhibit the transients with high energy emissions (e.g., X-rays), coronal heating, as well as some signature of the MHD w ...
A new view on the solar wind interaction with the Moon | Geoscience
... Using the entire data of ENA observations by Chandrayaan-1/CENA, the first global ENA albedo map covering ∼89 % of the lunar surface has been generated (Vorburger et al. 2013) (Fig. 7). Local variations in the ENA albedo were seen from the map, which indicated that lunar surface is not a homogene ...
... Using the entire data of ENA observations by Chandrayaan-1/CENA, the first global ENA albedo map covering ∼89 % of the lunar surface has been generated (Vorburger et al. 2013) (Fig. 7). Local variations in the ENA albedo were seen from the map, which indicated that lunar surface is not a homogene ...
Solar Weather Event Modelling and Prediction
... indicating that the results obtained from ANN are in good agreement with the actual values. To date, such an approach seems to be the most promising and is widely used in prediction systems e.g. for sunspots and flares, as reported in Sects. 4.1.3 and 4.2.2. The chaotic nature of the Sun as a comple ...
... indicating that the results obtained from ANN are in good agreement with the actual values. To date, such an approach seems to be the most promising and is widely used in prediction systems e.g. for sunspots and flares, as reported in Sects. 4.1.3 and 4.2.2. The chaotic nature of the Sun as a comple ...
- Achieve the Core
... “A Big Surprise from the Edge of the Solar System” Today you will read an article and watch a video about a recent discovery made by NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration). You will then answer several questions based on the text and the video. I will be happy to answer questions about ...
... “A Big Surprise from the Edge of the Solar System” Today you will read an article and watch a video about a recent discovery made by NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration). You will then answer several questions based on the text and the video. I will be happy to answer questions about ...
Geomagnetism and Aeronomy, 2016, Vol. 56, № 7, pp. 1
... heliospheric physics remain unsolved yet. In particular, we do not yet understand in details mechanisms of the solar dynamo and solar cycle, heating of the solar corona and formation of the solar wind, acceleration of charged particles to high (relativistic) energies and their transport in the helio ...
... heliospheric physics remain unsolved yet. In particular, we do not yet understand in details mechanisms of the solar dynamo and solar cycle, heating of the solar corona and formation of the solar wind, acceleration of charged particles to high (relativistic) energies and their transport in the helio ...
galactic cosmic radiation and solar energetic particles
... as the inverse of the solar sunspot number cycle. This is discussed more fully in Section 6.2.2.1. The isotropic flux exposure to galactic cosmic radiation in space at sunspot minimum is - 4 protons cm 2 s' resulting in a yearly integrated exposure of - 1.3 x 108 protons/cm2. The isotropic flux expo ...
... as the inverse of the solar sunspot number cycle. This is discussed more fully in Section 6.2.2.1. The isotropic flux exposure to galactic cosmic radiation in space at sunspot minimum is - 4 protons cm 2 s' resulting in a yearly integrated exposure of - 1.3 x 108 protons/cm2. The isotropic flux expo ...
1. INTRODUCTION - Stanford University
... mid-March to 7¡.25 north in mid-September. Although the Ñux does not obviously show any dependence on latitude, we do Ðnd evidence for a dependence of the variance of the Ñux upon latitude. When data from 108 runs of the Homestake experiment are divided into four quartiles, sorted according to latit ...
... mid-March to 7¡.25 north in mid-September. Although the Ñux does not obviously show any dependence on latitude, we do Ðnd evidence for a dependence of the variance of the Ñux upon latitude. When data from 108 runs of the Homestake experiment are divided into four quartiles, sorted according to latit ...
Grand Minima of Solar Activity and the Mean
... The question of whether solar cycles persist during a Grand Minima and, if so, whether their phase and frequency remain locked is important for understanding the physical nature of Grand Minima. There is some evidence that the solar cycle continued, at least in some form, inside the Maunder Minimum. ...
... The question of whether solar cycles persist during a Grand Minima and, if so, whether their phase and frequency remain locked is important for understanding the physical nature of Grand Minima. There is some evidence that the solar cycle continued, at least in some form, inside the Maunder Minimum. ...
Persistence of the Gleissberg 88-year solar cycle over
... lead to the suggestion of the existence of a long cycle, or secular variation, the length of which was estimated at that time to be equal to 55 years. Following this earlier work, a ca. 80-year cycle was detected by Gleissberg [1958, 1965] in both height and length of the 11-year sunspot cycle by ap ...
... lead to the suggestion of the existence of a long cycle, or secular variation, the length of which was estimated at that time to be equal to 55 years. Following this earlier work, a ca. 80-year cycle was detected by Gleissberg [1958, 1965] in both height and length of the 11-year sunspot cycle by ap ...
(2004) - H. Peter
... higher “filling-factor” than Sun? not enough space on the surface and: also stellar X-rays are structured stellar corona are not only brighter, they have also high densities high temperatures ...
... higher “filling-factor” than Sun? not enough space on the surface and: also stellar X-rays are structured stellar corona are not only brighter, they have also high densities high temperatures ...
Transient events in the EUV transition region and chromosphere
... of forming images at particular spectral lines. The nis used for the current observations is a stigmatic spectrometer with a long entrance slit, with images being formed by moving the solar image across the slit by a scan mirror. The spectral ranges of the nis (308–381 Å, 513–633 Å) include lines ...
... of forming images at particular spectral lines. The nis used for the current observations is a stigmatic spectrometer with a long entrance slit, with images being formed by moving the solar image across the slit by a scan mirror. The spectral ranges of the nis (308–381 Å, 513–633 Å) include lines ...
Solar phenomena
Solar phenomena are the natural phenomena occurring within the magnetically heated outer atmospheres in the Sun. These phenomena take many forms, including solar wind, radio wave flux, energy bursts such as solar flares, coronal mass ejection or solar eruptions, coronal heating and sunspots.These phenomena are generated by a helical dynamo near the center of the Sun's mass that generates strong magnetic fields and a chaotic dynamo near the surface that generates smaller magnetic field fluctuations.The sum of all solar fluctuations is referred to as solar variation. The collective effect of all solar variations within the Sun's gravitational field is referred to as space weather. A major weather component is the solar wind, a stream of plasma released from the Sun's upper atmosphere. It is responsible for the aurora, natural light displays in the sky in the Arctic and Antarctic. Space weather disturbances can cause solar storms on Earth, disrupting communications, as well as geomagnetic storms in Earth's magnetosphere and sudden ionospheric disturbances in the ionosphere. Variations in solar intensity also affect Earth's climate. These variations can explain events such as ice ages and the Great Oxygenation Event, while the Sun's future expansion into a red giant will likely end life on Earth.Solar activity and related events have been recorded since the 8th century BCE. Babylonians inscribed and possibly predicted solar eclipses, while the earliest extant report of sunspots dates back to the Chinese Book of Changes, c. 800 BCE. The first extant description of the solar corona was in 968, while the earliest sunspot drawing was in 1128 and a solar prominence was described in 1185 in the Russian Chronicle of Novgorod. The invention of the telescope allowed major advances in understanding, allowing the first detailed observations in the 1600s. Solar spectroscopy began in the 1800s, from which properties of the solar atmosphere could be determined, while the creation of daguerreotypy led to the first solar photographs on 2 April 1845. Photography assisted in the study of solar prominences, granulation and spectroscopy. Early in the 20th century, interest in astrophysics surged in America. A number of new observatories were built with solar telescopes around the world. The 1931 invention of the coronagraph allowed the corona to be studied in full daylight.