Spider Silk: The Mother Nature`s Biological Superlens
... imaging under white-light complicated and difficult to accomplish. However, the advancement in microsphere nanoscope has furthered the field of super-resolution optical microscopy, by resolving sub-diffraction imaging in real time under white light [1]. Microspheres utilise the properties of photoni ...
... imaging under white-light complicated and difficult to accomplish. However, the advancement in microsphere nanoscope has furthered the field of super-resolution optical microscopy, by resolving sub-diffraction imaging in real time under white light [1]. Microspheres utilise the properties of photoni ...
Observational Astronomy
... Combination of multiple elements Compact Cheap for small sizes Chromatism Difficult making many meter size lenses Heavy Impossible to make segmented lenses ...
... Combination of multiple elements Compact Cheap for small sizes Chromatism Difficult making many meter size lenses Heavy Impossible to make segmented lenses ...
Cameras for Stereo Panoramic Imaging - CS
... This paper presents two possibilities for capturing stereo panoramic images using optics, without any moving parts. A special mirror is introduced such that viewing the scene through this mirror creates the same rays as those used with the rotating cameras. Such a mirror enables the capture of stere ...
... This paper presents two possibilities for capturing stereo panoramic images using optics, without any moving parts. A special mirror is introduced such that viewing the scene through this mirror creates the same rays as those used with the rotating cameras. Such a mirror enables the capture of stere ...
Discussion questions Section 29.4 Images of images 851
... that it doesn’t really matter. When a mirror has shallow curvature, all the reflected rays hit the same point, so 1 could be expressed in any units you like. It could, for instance, be 1 cm, unless your mirror is smaller than 1 cm! The only way to find out anything mathematical about the rays is to ...
... that it doesn’t really matter. When a mirror has shallow curvature, all the reflected rays hit the same point, so 1 could be expressed in any units you like. It could, for instance, be 1 cm, unless your mirror is smaller than 1 cm! The only way to find out anything mathematical about the rays is to ...
Pupil Mapping in 2-D for High-Contrast Imaging
... will find that this simple case leads to a total of 6 different types of 2-mirror systems, depending on the value of the constant. This family includes the familiar afocal Cassegrain, Gregorian, and periscope systems, plus variants on these. Let us take the intensity mapping function to be A2 (r̃) = ...
... will find that this simple case leads to a total of 6 different types of 2-mirror systems, depending on the value of the constant. This family includes the familiar afocal Cassegrain, Gregorian, and periscope systems, plus variants on these. Let us take the intensity mapping function to be A2 (r̃) = ...
Hanan khaled Mofty
... maps both of your eyes using a wave front scanner, called an analyzer or aberrometer. The aberro-meter produces a very precise, detailed map of light rays as they travel through your eye, highlighting imperfections in your vision. A targeted beam of light will be sent through your eye and focused on ...
... maps both of your eyes using a wave front scanner, called an analyzer or aberrometer. The aberro-meter produces a very precise, detailed map of light rays as they travel through your eye, highlighting imperfections in your vision. A targeted beam of light will be sent through your eye and focused on ...
Optical, Confocal, and 4Pi Microscopy
... Optical microscopy has been in existence for many centuries. Since the viewing of the first cell, man has continually attempted to view smaller and smaller objects. In 1873, Ernst Abbe first discovered that diffraction limited the resolution of the optical microscope. And even with the advances in c ...
... Optical microscopy has been in existence for many centuries. Since the viewing of the first cell, man has continually attempted to view smaller and smaller objects. In 1873, Ernst Abbe first discovered that diffraction limited the resolution of the optical microscope. And even with the advances in c ...
Fast-Response Liquid Crystal Microlens
... In the present review article, we focus on LC microlenses, especially those with fast response times. Most LC lenses/microlenses developed thus far employ nematic LCs (NLCs), which offer a large birefringence to achieve a short focal length. Two major technical challenges have severely limited their ...
... In the present review article, we focus on LC microlenses, especially those with fast response times. Most LC lenses/microlenses developed thus far employ nematic LCs (NLCs), which offer a large birefringence to achieve a short focal length. Two major technical challenges have severely limited their ...
The Intermediate Optical System of Laser
... wave. Failing to do so results in a smaller effective NA and hence in a broader spot and in poorer resolution. As pointed out above, the BFP diameter of a lens is closely related to its resolution and its magnification (Table 9.2). The higher the resolution and the lower the magnification, the large ...
... wave. Failing to do so results in a smaller effective NA and hence in a broader spot and in poorer resolution. As pointed out above, the BFP diameter of a lens is closely related to its resolution and its magnification (Table 9.2). The higher the resolution and the lower the magnification, the large ...
A 50" time-multiplexed autostereoscopic display
... colour filter to be used with vertical scan rates apparently faster than its switching speed. The disadvantages of this solution were that the number of views was divided by three (because each view direction had to be displayed three times: once each for red, green, and blue) and the red output of ...
... colour filter to be used with vertical scan rates apparently faster than its switching speed. The disadvantages of this solution were that the number of views was divided by three (because each view direction had to be displayed three times: once each for red, green, and blue) and the red output of ...
Exam 4-WWP
... 19. A Young's double-slit apparatus is set up so that a screen is positioned 1.6 m from the double slits and the spacing between the two slits is 0.040 mm. What is the distance between the central and 1st bright fringes on the screen if the light source has a wavelength of 630 nm? ...
... 19. A Young's double-slit apparatus is set up so that a screen is positioned 1.6 m from the double slits and the spacing between the two slits is 0.040 mm. What is the distance between the central and 1st bright fringes on the screen if the light source has a wavelength of 630 nm? ...
Experimental demonstration of a light-ray-direction
... Fig. 2. Schematic of the experimental setup. A chess piece (Fig. 3) was placed a variable distance (“object distance”) behind confocal lenticular arrays and was then photographed with a camera, placed a fixed distance (“camera distance”, 96.3cm) in front of the confocal lenticular arrays. A HeNe las ...
... Fig. 2. Schematic of the experimental setup. A chess piece (Fig. 3) was placed a variable distance (“object distance”) behind confocal lenticular arrays and was then photographed with a camera, placed a fixed distance (“camera distance”, 96.3cm) in front of the confocal lenticular arrays. A HeNe las ...
What Brown saw, and you can too
... had written the first American textbook on the subject. Lewis was authorized to choose a co-commander, and he chose William Clark (1770-1838), who had earlier been Lewis’s commanding officer. On May 14, 1804, the Lewis and Clark expedition set out from St. Louis. They reached the Pacific at the mout ...
... had written the first American textbook on the subject. Lewis was authorized to choose a co-commander, and he chose William Clark (1770-1838), who had earlier been Lewis’s commanding officer. On May 14, 1804, the Lewis and Clark expedition set out from St. Louis. They reached the Pacific at the mout ...
Section 13.3 Telescopes and Microscopes
... either on film or in front of your eyes. Most telescopes used by professional astronomers are photographic—essentially gigantic telephoto lenses that form real images of stars on pieces of film or electronic light sensors. However visual telescopes are still popular among amateur astronomers and for ...
... either on film or in front of your eyes. Most telescopes used by professional astronomers are photographic—essentially gigantic telephoto lenses that form real images of stars on pieces of film or electronic light sensors. However visual telescopes are still popular among amateur astronomers and for ...
Mirrors - Purdue Physics
... Spherical Aberration § The equations we have derived for spherical mirrors apply only to light rays that are close to the optical axis § If the light rays are far from the optical axis, they will not be focused through the focal point of the mirror § Thus we will see a distorted image § In the draw ...
... Spherical Aberration § The equations we have derived for spherical mirrors apply only to light rays that are close to the optical axis § If the light rays are far from the optical axis, they will not be focused through the focal point of the mirror § Thus we will see a distorted image § In the draw ...
A Guide to Acousto
... the power output is 10% and 90% of the maximum. This equation can be used to calculate the 1/e2 radius for any position along the beam path, provided that the X10−90 distance for that position is known. Further details on knife-edge measurements can be found in [4]. 4. Turn on the AOM and position i ...
... the power output is 10% and 90% of the maximum. This equation can be used to calculate the 1/e2 radius for any position along the beam path, provided that the X10−90 distance for that position is known. Further details on knife-edge measurements can be found in [4]. 4. Turn on the AOM and position i ...
lensed fiber
... Shape of the fiber end: cone (1). tapered cone (2), wedge(3), angled tip wedge (4), cone with flat top (5), ball (6), ball with large working distance (7), angled ball with large working distance and integrated metal reflector(8), angle polished (9), angle polished with metal reflector (10) Fiber le ...
... Shape of the fiber end: cone (1). tapered cone (2), wedge(3), angled tip wedge (4), cone with flat top (5), ball (6), ball with large working distance (7), angled ball with large working distance and integrated metal reflector(8), angle polished (9), angle polished with metal reflector (10) Fiber le ...
1 Fundamental Optics www.cvimellesgriot.com
... three. The following chapter, Gaussian Beam Optics, discusses how to make a final choice of lenses based on various performance criteria. ...
... three. The following chapter, Gaussian Beam Optics, discusses how to make a final choice of lenses based on various performance criteria. ...
Microscopes - Photonics Research Group
... were mutually incoherent, appears as in Fig. 7a . As d becomes smaller so that the first minimum of one diffraction image overlaps with the central maximum of the neighboring diffraction image (d 5 rAiry, Fig. 7b ), their sum (measured along the axis joining the two maxima) still contains a dip of 2 ...
... were mutually incoherent, appears as in Fig. 7a . As d becomes smaller so that the first minimum of one diffraction image overlaps with the central maximum of the neighboring diffraction image (d 5 rAiry, Fig. 7b ), their sum (measured along the axis joining the two maxima) still contains a dip of 2 ...
Lens Aberrations
... about 4% of the light will be reflected at each surface leaving a maximum transmittance of 92% for linearly polarized light incident on the sheet. Thus, HN-46 would transmit 46% of incident natural light, and might be the optimal polarizer. In general, for HN-x, the irradiance of polarized light tra ...
... about 4% of the light will be reflected at each surface leaving a maximum transmittance of 92% for linearly polarized light incident on the sheet. Thus, HN-46 would transmit 46% of incident natural light, and might be the optimal polarizer. In general, for HN-x, the irradiance of polarized light tra ...
Mirrors and Lenses - mrphysicsportal.net
... d. What is the height of the image? 3. The image of an object is 30.0 cm from a concave mirror with a 20.0-cm radius of curvature. Locate the object. ~ 4. An old "magic trick" used a concave mirror to project an image the same size as the object and at the same distance from the mirror. If the objec ...
... d. What is the height of the image? 3. The image of an object is 30.0 cm from a concave mirror with a 20.0-cm radius of curvature. Locate the object. ~ 4. An old "magic trick" used a concave mirror to project an image the same size as the object and at the same distance from the mirror. If the objec ...
J Comp Physiol A (1993) 173:143-149
... from below, with the inner surface of the lenses directed upwards, and covered by the solution. The chamber containing the preparation was placed under a microscope and the light beam was centered on one of the lenses aligned with its optical axis (Fig. 2). By using a fluorite objective (magnificati ...
... from below, with the inner surface of the lenses directed upwards, and covered by the solution. The chamber containing the preparation was placed under a microscope and the light beam was centered on one of the lenses aligned with its optical axis (Fig. 2). By using a fluorite objective (magnificati ...
Geometrical Optics 101: Paraxial Ray Tracing
... Paraxial ray tracing by hand is typically done with the aid of a ray tracing sheet (Figure 1). The number of optical lens surfaces is indicated horizontally and the key lens parameters vertically. There are also sections to differentiate the marginal and chief ray. Table 1 explains the key optical l ...
... Paraxial ray tracing by hand is typically done with the aid of a ray tracing sheet (Figure 1). The number of optical lens surfaces is indicated horizontally and the key lens parameters vertically. There are also sections to differentiate the marginal and chief ray. Table 1 explains the key optical l ...
B. Gaussian Beam Transformation by a Lens.
... previously collimated beam can be set to be either horizontal or vertical. Thus, any incident beam can be easily collimated by adjusting the collimating lens until the appropriate set fringe pattern is achieved. The setup for collimating using a mirror and an iris is shown in Fig. 2. ...
... previously collimated beam can be set to be either horizontal or vertical. Thus, any incident beam can be easily collimated by adjusting the collimating lens until the appropriate set fringe pattern is achieved. The setup for collimating using a mirror and an iris is shown in Fig. 2. ...
Schneider Kreuznach
Schneider Kreuznach (German pronunciation: [ˌʃnaɪdɐ ˈkʁɔʏtsnax]) is the abbreviated name of the company Jos. Schneider Optische Werke GmbH, which is sometimes also simply referred to as Schneider. They are a manufacturer of industrial and photographic optics. The company was founded on 18 January 1913 by Joseph Schneider as Optische Anstalt Jos. Schneider & Co. at Bad Kreuznach in Germany. The company changed its name to Jos. Schneider & Co., Optische Werke, Kreuznach in 1922, and to the current Jos. Schneider Optische Werke GmbH in 1998.The company is known partly for its many innovative lens designs over the course of its existence. In 2001, Schneider received an Oscar for Technical Achievement for their Super-Cinelux motion picture lenses. They are best known as manufacturers of high-quality large format lenses for view cameras, enlarger lenses, and high quality photographic loupes. They also make a limited amount of small- and medium-format lenses, and have, at various times, manufactured eyeglasses and camera rangefinders, as well as being an OEM lens maker for Kodak and Samsung digital cameras. They currently supply the lenses for the LG Dare, LG Viewty KU990, LG Renoir KC910, LG Viewty Smart GC900 and the LG enV Touch. They also supplied the lenses for the Kodak Regent camera in the 1930s and the classic Kodak Retina and Kodak Retinette camera series in the 1950s and 1960s. In 1961, they created Feinwerktechnik GmbH, a manufacturer of electrical-hydraulic servo valves. Over the past several years, they have acquired several other companies:In 1985, they acquired the B+W Filter Manufacturing Company (founded in 1947 by partners Biermann and Weber), maker of the well-respected line of B+W filters. In July 1987, they purchased Rollei Fototechnic GmbH.In 1989, they purchased Käsemann/Oberaudorf, a manufacturer of glass and plastic polarizing materials.After 1991 they acquired the former East-German (GDR) camera and lens manufacturer Pentacon/Practica (Dresden)In 2000, they acquired Century Optics, an American lensmaking firm.From the start of its production in 1914, Schneider had produced their 500,000th lens by June 1932, their millionth by November 1936, and their 10 millionth lens by January 1967. As of April 2000, they have produced over 14,730,000 lenses. The list below converts any cm designations on earlier lenses to mm (so a 16.5 cm lens is shown as a 165 mm lens).