Persistent perceptual delay for head movement onset
... Contrary to this notion that vestibular stimulation should be fast the perceived timing of vestibular stimulation has been found to be slow. Barnett-Cowan and Harris (2009) measured the difference in reaction times (RTs) between GVS, light, touch and sound stimuli. They found that RTs to GVS were si ...
... Contrary to this notion that vestibular stimulation should be fast the perceived timing of vestibular stimulation has been found to be slow. Barnett-Cowan and Harris (2009) measured the difference in reaction times (RTs) between GVS, light, touch and sound stimuli. They found that RTs to GVS were si ...
Multisensory Integration in the Ventral Intraparietal Area of the
... the effects of (1) temporal and (2) spatial relationships between the visual and tactile stimuli. In the “temporal asynchrony” paradigm, the stimuli were applied at spatially congruent locations either simultaneously or with an onset time difference of 50, 100, or 200 ms. The visual stimuli could le ...
... the effects of (1) temporal and (2) spatial relationships between the visual and tactile stimuli. In the “temporal asynchrony” paradigm, the stimuli were applied at spatially congruent locations either simultaneously or with an onset time difference of 50, 100, or 200 ms. The visual stimuli could le ...
Neuronal activity in human primary visual cortex correlates with
... between the two monocular gratings (Fig. 1c). The duration of each stimulus presentation was determined by randomly sampling from the distribution of durations reported (via the subject’s button presses) during the rivalry scans. To maintain attention and engage the same motor responses, subjects ag ...
... between the two monocular gratings (Fig. 1c). The duration of each stimulus presentation was determined by randomly sampling from the distribution of durations reported (via the subject’s button presses) during the rivalry scans. To maintain attention and engage the same motor responses, subjects ag ...
interactions between number and space in parietal cortex
... hand, eye or attention movement). However, so far, no study has sufficiently shown whether these reference frames are eye- or world-centred. Another related question concerns the stage of processing at which spatial–numerical interactions arise; do they occur during stimulus comprehension, response ...
... hand, eye or attention movement). However, so far, no study has sufficiently shown whether these reference frames are eye- or world-centred. Another related question concerns the stage of processing at which spatial–numerical interactions arise; do they occur during stimulus comprehension, response ...
Binocular vision, the optic chiasm, and their associations with
... cerebral hemisphere was the fundamental mechanism behind the OC evolution. In other words, that evolutionary change in the OC was necessary to preserve hemispheric autonomy. In the majority of vertebrates, motor processing, tactile, proprioceptive, and visual information involved in steering the han ...
... cerebral hemisphere was the fundamental mechanism behind the OC evolution. In other words, that evolutionary change in the OC was necessary to preserve hemispheric autonomy. In the majority of vertebrates, motor processing, tactile, proprioceptive, and visual information involved in steering the han ...
the functional properties of the light
... many parts of the neuraxis might equaIly well qualify for an “associative” function. It remains to be shown on quantitative grounds in what way the activities of these cells, evoked by a variety of stimuli, might provide some higher order or abstracted replicate of a complex sensory event, e.g., a p ...
... many parts of the neuraxis might equaIly well qualify for an “associative” function. It remains to be shown on quantitative grounds in what way the activities of these cells, evoked by a variety of stimuli, might provide some higher order or abstracted replicate of a complex sensory event, e.g., a p ...
Brief neonatal maternal separation alters extinction of conditioned
... Male rats from each litter were randomly assigned to one of three groups: standard animal facilities rearing (control; n ¼ 11 from 4 litters), gentle handling for 15 min (n ¼ 5 from 3 litters), or maternal separation for 15 min (n ¼ 6 from 3 litters). Maternal separation and handling were carried ou ...
... Male rats from each litter were randomly assigned to one of three groups: standard animal facilities rearing (control; n ¼ 11 from 4 litters), gentle handling for 15 min (n ¼ 5 from 3 litters), or maternal separation for 15 min (n ¼ 6 from 3 litters). Maternal separation and handling were carried ou ...
Examples of well-written lab reports, by section
... Simple reflexes occur when single synapses are present between sensory axons and motor neurons. All three nerve cell types involved, sensory, intermediate, and motor, are confined to the spinal cord. As the brain is not necessary to perform these involuntary tasks, it only determines the reflex has ...
... Simple reflexes occur when single synapses are present between sensory axons and motor neurons. All three nerve cell types involved, sensory, intermediate, and motor, are confined to the spinal cord. As the brain is not necessary to perform these involuntary tasks, it only determines the reflex has ...
The Representation of Complex Images in Spatial Frequency
... The organization of cat primary visual cortex has been well mapped using simple stimuli such as sinusoidal gratings, revealing superimposed maps of orientation and spatial frequency preferences. However, it is not yet understood how complex images are represented across these maps. In this study, we ...
... The organization of cat primary visual cortex has been well mapped using simple stimuli such as sinusoidal gratings, revealing superimposed maps of orientation and spatial frequency preferences. However, it is not yet understood how complex images are represented across these maps. In this study, we ...
The Optic Tectum of Birds - Department of Psychology
... 4C) and nucleus lentiformis mesencephali (LM not shown), which are adjacent parts of the pretectum (Hunt & Kunzle, 1976; Gamlin & Cohen, 1988; Hunt & Brecha, 1982). The function of the GT per se is not known, but the LM is critical for the optokinetic response (Gioanni, Rey, Villalobos, Richard, & D ...
... 4C) and nucleus lentiformis mesencephali (LM not shown), which are adjacent parts of the pretectum (Hunt & Kunzle, 1976; Gamlin & Cohen, 1988; Hunt & Brecha, 1982). The function of the GT per se is not known, but the LM is critical for the optokinetic response (Gioanni, Rey, Villalobos, Richard, & D ...
A Neurodynamical cortical model of visual attention and
... Bradley, 1997). Neurons in the posterior parietal cortex (PP) show an enhanced response to attended targets within their receptive fields, even when no eye movements are made (Bushnell, Goldberg, & Robinson, 1981), and there is correspondingly suppression of responses to unattended items (see Rolls & ...
... Bradley, 1997). Neurons in the posterior parietal cortex (PP) show an enhanced response to attended targets within their receptive fields, even when no eye movements are made (Bushnell, Goldberg, & Robinson, 1981), and there is correspondingly suppression of responses to unattended items (see Rolls & ...
Reference frames for representing the location of visual and tactile
... in space. Nevertheless, if visual and tactile stimuli were remapped in a common frame of reference, one might expect a spatial congruence between the encoded regions of the head surface and extrapersonal visual space. The analysis presented above suggests that this hypothesis is unlikely to hold for ...
... in space. Nevertheless, if visual and tactile stimuli were remapped in a common frame of reference, one might expect a spatial congruence between the encoded regions of the head surface and extrapersonal visual space. The analysis presented above suggests that this hypothesis is unlikely to hold for ...
Inferior Parietal Lobule Function in Spatial Perception and
... entation report that the environment appears “jum- memory loss was first described as one component of b l e d so that they are unable to perceive the location the Charcot-Wilbrand syndrome. Charcot’s patient of objects in space (77). This deficit can occur despite could no longer recognize landmark ...
... entation report that the environment appears “jum- memory loss was first described as one component of b l e d so that they are unable to perceive the location the Charcot-Wilbrand syndrome. Charcot’s patient of objects in space (77). This deficit can occur despite could no longer recognize landmark ...
Chapter 5 Learning to attend in primary visual cortex
... searched increase their activity at an early point in time during the trial whereas neurons that represented the curve to be traced enhanced their activity after a delay. Thus it is possible to monitor the precise time-course of a sequence of cognitive operations in area V1. The modulation of neuron ...
... searched increase their activity at an early point in time during the trial whereas neurons that represented the curve to be traced enhanced their activity after a delay. Thus it is possible to monitor the precise time-course of a sequence of cognitive operations in area V1. The modulation of neuron ...
invariant face and object recognition in the visual system
... generalization to similar stimuli (in the Hamming distance sense, see Rolls and Treves, 1997), graceful degradation (fault tolerance), and some locality to the representation, so that some single neurons which receive inputs from such a representation can obtain sufficient information without requir ...
... generalization to similar stimuli (in the Hamming distance sense, see Rolls and Treves, 1997), graceful degradation (fault tolerance), and some locality to the representation, so that some single neurons which receive inputs from such a representation can obtain sufficient information without requir ...
Toward a Unified Theory of Visual Area V4
... Visual area V4 is a midtier cortical area in the ventral visual pathway. It is crucial for visual object recognition and has been a focus of many studies on visual attention. However, there is no unifying view of V4’s role in visual processing. Neither is there an understanding of how its role in fe ...
... Visual area V4 is a midtier cortical area in the ventral visual pathway. It is crucial for visual object recognition and has been a focus of many studies on visual attention. However, there is no unifying view of V4’s role in visual processing. Neither is there an understanding of how its role in fe ...
Functional circuitry underlying visual neglect
... Visual neglect is a neurological syndrome most commonly caused by unilateral brain damage to the posterior and inferior parietal cerebral cortex and is characterized by an inability to detect or orient to stimuli or objects presented in the contralesional visual hemifield (Heilman and Valenstein, 19 ...
... Visual neglect is a neurological syndrome most commonly caused by unilateral brain damage to the posterior and inferior parietal cerebral cortex and is characterized by an inability to detect or orient to stimuli or objects presented in the contralesional visual hemifield (Heilman and Valenstein, 19 ...
Reduced BOLD response to periodic visual stimulation
... course, repetitive aperiodic stimulation will also produce synchronous firing with a frequency profile reflecting that of the stimulus. However, periodic stimulation also produces entrainment, where the bursts of firing increase in amplitude over the first few hundred milliseconds of stimulation, an ...
... course, repetitive aperiodic stimulation will also produce synchronous firing with a frequency profile reflecting that of the stimulus. However, periodic stimulation also produces entrainment, where the bursts of firing increase in amplitude over the first few hundred milliseconds of stimulation, an ...
Scene perception: inferior temporal cortex neurons encode the
... useful in helping to build whole scene representations, and would supplement the use of multiple saccades to different positions in the scene. Consistent with this possibility, humans can report several aspects of a scene even with an exposure (100 ms) which is too short to allow eye movements to be ...
... useful in helping to build whole scene representations, and would supplement the use of multiple saccades to different positions in the scene. Consistent with this possibility, humans can report several aspects of a scene even with an exposure (100 ms) which is too short to allow eye movements to be ...
How Reliably Does a Neuron in the Visual Motion Pathway of fhe Fly
... components may greatly depend upon the temporal resolution with which the neuronal responses are taken into account. For instance, if responses are smoothed by temporal integration within a time window of a given size, both the noise as well as the SIRC may decrease, though to a different extent dep ...
... components may greatly depend upon the temporal resolution with which the neuronal responses are taken into account. For instance, if responses are smoothed by temporal integration within a time window of a given size, both the noise as well as the SIRC may decrease, though to a different extent dep ...
Dysregulation of Arousal and Amygdala
... skin conductance responses made it feasible to extract concurrent brain and arousal responses to individual face stimuli. To examine fMRI BOLD responses in relation to skin conductance responses, we first formed two subsets of fear stimuli for each subject, referred to as “with-arousal” and “without ...
... skin conductance responses made it feasible to extract concurrent brain and arousal responses to individual face stimuli. To examine fMRI BOLD responses in relation to skin conductance responses, we first formed two subsets of fear stimuli for each subject, referred to as “with-arousal” and “without ...
Within-hemifield perceptual averaging of facial expressions
... High-level visual neurons in the ventral stream typically have large receptive fields, supporting position-invariant object recognition but entailing poor spatial resolution. Consequently, when multiple objects fall within their large receptive fields, unless selective attention is deployed, their res ...
... High-level visual neurons in the ventral stream typically have large receptive fields, supporting position-invariant object recognition but entailing poor spatial resolution. Consequently, when multiple objects fall within their large receptive fields, unless selective attention is deployed, their res ...
Segregation and convergence of specialised pathways in
... At the level of cortical area V2, the various visual inputs to the cortex have reorganised to form 3 distinct channels. Anatomically these are embodied in the thick and thin dark stripes, and paler interstripes characteristic of cytochrome oxidase architecture. Do the outputs of these compartments r ...
... At the level of cortical area V2, the various visual inputs to the cortex have reorganised to form 3 distinct channels. Anatomically these are embodied in the thick and thin dark stripes, and paler interstripes characteristic of cytochrome oxidase architecture. Do the outputs of these compartments r ...
Representation of Acoustic Communication Signals
... Information theory and systems analysis provide quantitative measures for the signal-processing capabilities of a neural system. In particular, the information contained in the spike trains of sensory afferents about an external stimulus can be estimated using stimulus reconstruction methods (Bialek ...
... Information theory and systems analysis provide quantitative measures for the signal-processing capabilities of a neural system. In particular, the information contained in the spike trains of sensory afferents about an external stimulus can be estimated using stimulus reconstruction methods (Bialek ...
The medial parietal occipital areas in the macaque
... (B) Mesial view of monkey brain with POs, IOs, and OTs partially opened. Lateral and mesial views show the retinotopic organization of V2 and V3 in lunate and parieto-occipital sulci, respectively. Gray area in A represents the most central part of the visual field. (C) Bidimensional map of the pari ...
... (B) Mesial view of monkey brain with POs, IOs, and OTs partially opened. Lateral and mesial views show the retinotopic organization of V2 and V3 in lunate and parieto-occipital sulci, respectively. Gray area in A represents the most central part of the visual field. (C) Bidimensional map of the pari ...
Visual extinction
Visual extinction is a neurological disorder which occurs following damage to the parietal lobe of the brain. It is similar to, but distinct from, hemispatial neglect. Visual extinction has the characteristic symptom of difficulty to perceive contralesional stimuli when presented simultaneously with an ipsilesional stimulus, but the ability to correctly identify them when not presented simultaneously. Under simultaneous presentation, the contralesional stimulus is apparently ignored by the patient, or extinguished. This deficiency may lead to difficulty on behalf of the patient with processing the stimuli’s 3D position.