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... (or nominal income) meant that this strategy was doomed to failure and indeed was not pursued seriously because to do so would have been a mistake. By the early 1980s, it was becoming very clear that the relationship between monetary aggregates and inflation and nominal income had broken down and al ...
... (or nominal income) meant that this strategy was doomed to failure and indeed was not pursued seriously because to do so would have been a mistake. By the early 1980s, it was becoming very clear that the relationship between monetary aggregates and inflation and nominal income had broken down and al ...
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... a variety of sectors and assessing consumers’ preferences they found that the CZSO had captured only a fraction of the quality change. They concluded that average qualityadjusted consumption growth rates in the Czech Republic during the 1990s may have been considerably greater than suggested by the ...
... a variety of sectors and assessing consumers’ preferences they found that the CZSO had captured only a fraction of the quality change. They concluded that average qualityadjusted consumption growth rates in the Czech Republic during the 1990s may have been considerably greater than suggested by the ...
NBER Reporter Program Report
... We are now well into the 21st century, and as with many other great inventions, there are constant challenges in updating the national statistical system to reflect the current technological environment. GDP is an aggregate measure of the flows of goods and services through product and factor market ...
... We are now well into the 21st century, and as with many other great inventions, there are constant challenges in updating the national statistical system to reflect the current technological environment. GDP is an aggregate measure of the flows of goods and services through product and factor market ...
2007-2008 NEW Economics Titles Economics - McGraw
... such disparate topics as fast food lines (Chapter 1), the Fed as a sponge (Chapter 14), art for art’s sake (Chapter 28), and many more. Updated Last Word Boxes: These applications and case studies are located toward the end of each chapter. In this edition, we have included photos to pique student ...
... such disparate topics as fast food lines (Chapter 1), the Fed as a sponge (Chapter 14), art for art’s sake (Chapter 28), and many more. Updated Last Word Boxes: These applications and case studies are located toward the end of each chapter. In this edition, we have included photos to pique student ...
Capital project and infrastructure spending Outlook to 2025 research findings www.pwc.com/cpi-outlook2025
... demand for commodities boosting extractive sectors in particular. • Looking ahead, several factors are expected to determine how the global infrastructure market will evolve over the coming decade: high public debt burdens are expected to undermine public investment in some advanced economies; demo ...
... demand for commodities boosting extractive sectors in particular. • Looking ahead, several factors are expected to determine how the global infrastructure market will evolve over the coming decade: high public debt burdens are expected to undermine public investment in some advanced economies; demo ...
Debt, Labor Markets and the Creation and Destruction of Firms
... we show, in this setting there is no externality associated with debt nancing, so the optimal subsidy or tax on debt is zero. However, even within the context of this simple model there can be an important role for policies that in uence rms' liquidation choices. Speci cally, by generating in ation ...
... we show, in this setting there is no externality associated with debt nancing, so the optimal subsidy or tax on debt is zero. However, even within the context of this simple model there can be an important role for policies that in uence rms' liquidation choices. Speci cally, by generating in ation ...
Ligjërata nga lënda Tregje financiare bashkekohore(Prof.Dr.Safet
... stability and growth. The question is whether the powers that be – particularly in the United States, which has long benefited from the dollar’s global domination – would ever agree to such a cooperative system. The notion that the dollar’s global dominance is contributing to financial repression re ...
... stability and growth. The question is whether the powers that be – particularly in the United States, which has long benefited from the dollar’s global domination – would ever agree to such a cooperative system. The notion that the dollar’s global dominance is contributing to financial repression re ...
The Arab Republic of Egypt
... development strategies. On the macro level, the project relies on a model for economy-wide, country-level analysis of medium and long-term development policies, including strategies for – indirectly- reducing poverty and –directly- achieving the MDGs. In the core of this macro analysis lays the Maqu ...
... development strategies. On the macro level, the project relies on a model for economy-wide, country-level analysis of medium and long-term development policies, including strategies for – indirectly- reducing poverty and –directly- achieving the MDGs. In the core of this macro analysis lays the Maqu ...
Escaping the Great Recession - Centre for Economic Policy Research
... Werning (2012) works in a deterministic environment and shows that the e¤ectiveness of policies at the zero lower bound crucially depends on what agents expect after the constraint is not binding anymore. Fernandez-Villaverde et al. (2011) show how supply-side policies may play a role in preventing ...
... Werning (2012) works in a deterministic environment and shows that the e¤ectiveness of policies at the zero lower bound crucially depends on what agents expect after the constraint is not binding anymore. Fernandez-Villaverde et al. (2011) show how supply-side policies may play a role in preventing ...
country report - Viet Nam
... Viet Nam is a genuine developmental success story, especially in the field of poverty reduction and economic performance. The country has transformed itself - from one of the poorest countries in the world to a middle-income nation by 2010. The fifteen-year journey from 2001 to 2015 has featured a h ...
... Viet Nam is a genuine developmental success story, especially in the field of poverty reduction and economic performance. The country has transformed itself - from one of the poorest countries in the world to a middle-income nation by 2010. The fifteen-year journey from 2001 to 2015 has featured a h ...
digital globalization: the new era of global flows
... economic value of participating in global flows—and we further find that data flows account for a substantial portion of that impact. Both inflows and outflows matter for growth as they circulate ideas, research, technologies, talent, and best practices around the world. Today’s more digital form of ...
... economic value of participating in global flows—and we further find that data flows account for a substantial portion of that impact. Both inflows and outflows matter for growth as they circulate ideas, research, technologies, talent, and best practices around the world. Today’s more digital form of ...
The benefits of price stability
... currency is used more extensively in illegal than in legal transaction, a tax on currency has desirbale allocative and distributional implications ...
... currency is used more extensively in illegal than in legal transaction, a tax on currency has desirbale allocative and distributional implications ...
Global Value Chains and Africa`s Industrialisation
... who often are poor despite being employed or because they remain outside the labour market altogether. In several countries, wage employment – the best job category – accounts for less than 15% of youth in the labour market. To turn the youth bulge into an opportunity, African countries must create ...
... who often are poor despite being employed or because they remain outside the labour market altogether. In several countries, wage employment – the best job category – accounts for less than 15% of youth in the labour market. To turn the youth bulge into an opportunity, African countries must create ...
Special Evaluation Study on ADB Support for Public
... considered necessary and urgent. However, several program loans had complex agendas that tried to accomplish too much simultaneously. Reform programs were mostly planned for implementation over 3 years. Some measures could be accomplished in the short term (e.g., budget cuts to reduce deficits quick ...
... considered necessary and urgent. However, several program loans had complex agendas that tried to accomplish too much simultaneously. Reform programs were mostly planned for implementation over 3 years. Some measures could be accomplished in the short term (e.g., budget cuts to reduce deficits quick ...
Macroeconomics: Principles, Applications and Tools
... people is leveling off. Add to these an increased number of people remaining inland, and this leaves coastal regions which specialize in factory production and exports with a large number of job openings. The labor shortages are resulting in wage increases, pushing up costs on Chinese -made products ...
... people is leveling off. Add to these an increased number of people remaining inland, and this leaves coastal regions which specialize in factory production and exports with a large number of job openings. The labor shortages are resulting in wage increases, pushing up costs on Chinese -made products ...
- TestbankU
... 8. Capitalism and free enterprise are common, and the United States a. has just begun to move in that direction after years of central planning. b. has gone further in that direction than almost any other country. c. is becoming more "free," but is not as capitalistic as many others. d. is consideri ...
... 8. Capitalism and free enterprise are common, and the United States a. has just begun to move in that direction after years of central planning. b. has gone further in that direction than almost any other country. c. is becoming more "free," but is not as capitalistic as many others. d. is consideri ...
Some Lessons from Six Years of Practical Inflation Targeting L
... central banks have done successfully. Second, do not include household debt as an additional (intermediate) target variable in addition to inflation and unemployment. This is especially important since “leaning against the wind” – a tighter policy than justified by the mandate of flexible inflation ...
... central banks have done successfully. Second, do not include household debt as an additional (intermediate) target variable in addition to inflation and unemployment. This is especially important since “leaning against the wind” – a tighter policy than justified by the mandate of flexible inflation ...
Informal Economy Literature Review
... businesses, and a decline in male labor force participation—has changed the way people are connected to the labor market. Scholars began to examine how these changes affected personal employment decisions. At the same time there was heightened interest in the extent to which informal economic activi ...
... businesses, and a decline in male labor force participation—has changed the way people are connected to the labor market. Scholars began to examine how these changes affected personal employment decisions. At the same time there was heightened interest in the extent to which informal economic activi ...
does foreign direct investment improve welfare in north african
... investments and to direct them toward appropriate sectors of the economy in a manner which improves the wellbeing of populations. We conduct both univariate and multivariate analyses on panel data. Using the Granger causality test, we find a unidirectional causality from FDI to HDI for the entire r ...
... investments and to direct them toward appropriate sectors of the economy in a manner which improves the wellbeing of populations. We conduct both univariate and multivariate analyses on panel data. Using the Granger causality test, we find a unidirectional causality from FDI to HDI for the entire r ...
analysis of public sector efficiency in south-eastern european
... In this situation, the only way to ensure sustainability of public finances is to accomplish more with the current use of resources or to obtain the current level of public output with fewer resources. Therefore, governments should pay more attention to efficiency. The need for public sector efficie ...
... In this situation, the only way to ensure sustainability of public finances is to accomplish more with the current use of resources or to obtain the current level of public output with fewer resources. Therefore, governments should pay more attention to efficiency. The need for public sector efficie ...
Macao remains vulnerable to money laundering as its
... of views despite some concerns about increasing self-censorship. Macao’s market-based economy continued to function efficiently but economic growth suffered from a marked decline in gaming revenues, on which the SAR is over-reliant. Improving the lives of ordinary citizens, who face mounting living ...
... of views despite some concerns about increasing self-censorship. Macao’s market-based economy continued to function efficiently but economic growth suffered from a marked decline in gaming revenues, on which the SAR is over-reliant. Improving the lives of ordinary citizens, who face mounting living ...
Stagflation, persistent unemployment and the permanence of
... their information does not permit them to distinguish permanent and transitory changes as they occur. All markets reach equilibrium and clear each period. The prices and quantities at which the markets clear depend, however, on the perceptions individuals in the aggregate hold about the persistence ...
... their information does not permit them to distinguish permanent and transitory changes as they occur. All markets reach equilibrium and clear each period. The prices and quantities at which the markets clear depend, however, on the perceptions individuals in the aggregate hold about the persistence ...
Post–World War II economic expansion
""Golden Age of capitalism"" redirects here. Other periods this term may refer to are Gilded Age and Belle Époque.The post–World War II economic expansion, also known as the postwar economic boom, the long boom, and the Golden Age of Capitalism, was a period of economic prosperity in the mid-20th century which occurred, following the end of World War II in 1945, and lasted until the early 1970s. It ended with the collapse of the Bretton Woods system in 1971, the 1973 oil crisis, and the 1973–1974 stock market crash, which led to the 1970s recession. Narrowly defined, the period spanned from 1945 to 1952, with overall growth lasting well until 1971, though there are some debates on dating the period, and booms in individual countries differed, some starting as early as 1945, and overlapping the rise of the East Asian economies into the 1980s or 1990s.During this time there was high worldwide economic growth; Western European and East Asian countries in particular experienced unusually high and sustained growth, together with full employment. Contrary to early predictions, this high growth also included many countries that had been devastated by the war, such as Greece (Greek economic miracle), West Germany (Wirtschaftswunder), France (Trente Glorieuses), Japan (Japanese post-war economic miracle), and Italy (Italian economic miracle).