Revisions to quarterly GDP growth and its production (output
... (including reliability) and include both static and dynamic quality information specific to a release. More detail of the type of information included in Quality Reports is given in another article (Jenkinson, 2005). Revisions to economic statistics can attract a great deal of attention, as addresse ...
... (including reliability) and include both static and dynamic quality information specific to a release. More detail of the type of information included in Quality Reports is given in another article (Jenkinson, 2005). Revisions to economic statistics can attract a great deal of attention, as addresse ...
modelling core inflation in ukraine in 2003-2012
... 2004-2006 helped acceleration of the money supply to 60-70%YoY or three times faster than growth in nominal spending. In 2007-2008 nominal GDP growth accelerated to around 30% with average real growth of household consumption of about 12% pa. On this background Ukraine faced major commodity price sh ...
... 2004-2006 helped acceleration of the money supply to 60-70%YoY or three times faster than growth in nominal spending. In 2007-2008 nominal GDP growth accelerated to around 30% with average real growth of household consumption of about 12% pa. On this background Ukraine faced major commodity price sh ...
University of Heidelberg Discussion Paper Series No. 575 482482
... increase public wages and salaries when they serve on the UNSC, while governments without UNSCrelated political leverage have to reduce their wage bill. This suggests that politically important countries can avoid tough conditionality. Stone (2004) and Kilby (2009) show that IMF and World Bank condi ...
... increase public wages and salaries when they serve on the UNSC, while governments without UNSCrelated political leverage have to reduce their wage bill. This suggests that politically important countries can avoid tough conditionality. Stone (2004) and Kilby (2009) show that IMF and World Bank condi ...
Public Finances in EMU - 2014 - European Commission
... The challenging economic times are not yet over. The economic recovery has not lived up to the expectations that existed earlier on the year and growth projections have been revised downwards in most EU Member States. Today, the risk of persistent low growth, close to zero inflation and high unemplo ...
... The challenging economic times are not yet over. The economic recovery has not lived up to the expectations that existed earlier on the year and growth projections have been revised downwards in most EU Member States. Today, the risk of persistent low growth, close to zero inflation and high unemplo ...
The relationship between government budget deficit and domestic
... domestic and external obligations of public debtors which include the central government and its agencies; states, provinces or similar political subdivisions including their agencies; and autonomous public bodies such as state enterprises and subsidiaries in which they have joint ownership with the ...
... domestic and external obligations of public debtors which include the central government and its agencies; states, provinces or similar political subdivisions including their agencies; and autonomous public bodies such as state enterprises and subsidiaries in which they have joint ownership with the ...
Влада Републике Србије Ревидирани меморандум о буџету и
... period August-December (-3.2%) and in Q4 of 2008 (-5.1%). In Q4 of 2008, there was a 2% real yearon-year growth in retail sales, while the number of tourist overnight stays dropped by 1.6%. As of October 2008 the trend of foreign trade was also shifted to reflect a growth slow-down, and then drop of ...
... period August-December (-3.2%) and in Q4 of 2008 (-5.1%). In Q4 of 2008, there was a 2% real yearon-year growth in retail sales, while the number of tourist overnight stays dropped by 1.6%. As of October 2008 the trend of foreign trade was also shifted to reflect a growth slow-down, and then drop of ...
Full Report
... research and more than 200 interviews with experts, political leaders, and business people. We used data from international organisations including the International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank, UN Development Programme (UNDP), and Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU). We also used comparison data ...
... research and more than 200 interviews with experts, political leaders, and business people. We used data from international organisations including the International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank, UN Development Programme (UNDP), and Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU). We also used comparison data ...
June 2014 | No. 90 A TAYLOR RULE FOR FISCAL POLICY IN A
... actual monetary policy.1 As an example, Taylor [2007] used such a comparison to argue that interest rates in the US were ’too low for too long’in the pre-crisis years. In the case of Denmark, however, given the …xed exchange rate, monetary policy can not be conducted through a Taylorrule. Instead, ...
... actual monetary policy.1 As an example, Taylor [2007] used such a comparison to argue that interest rates in the US were ’too low for too long’in the pre-crisis years. In the case of Denmark, however, given the …xed exchange rate, monetary policy can not be conducted through a Taylorrule. Instead, ...
How Are Inflation Expectations Formed by Consumers, Economists
... trap, the monetary base is almost completely ineffective and therefore unable to affect output and prices in an economy. The solution to this problem is extremely simple; an increase in the money supply in the current and future periods will raise prices in the proprotionally. There is no correspon ...
... trap, the monetary base is almost completely ineffective and therefore unable to affect output and prices in an economy. The solution to this problem is extremely simple; an increase in the money supply in the current and future periods will raise prices in the proprotionally. There is no correspon ...
http://www.fao.org/docrep/012/i0974e/i0974e.pdf
... as well as legal, regulatory and institutional frameworks were identified and made available to the targeted audience through a number of publications. One of the lessons learned in this process is that promoting aquaculture as a business invariably calls for political support. Governments and fundi ...
... as well as legal, regulatory and institutional frameworks were identified and made available to the targeted audience through a number of publications. One of the lessons learned in this process is that promoting aquaculture as a business invariably calls for political support. Governments and fundi ...
consumers` inflation expectations and monetary policy in europe
... nominal bonds in more than just the determination of their returns. Thus, it is usually necessary to make strong auxiliary assumptions to infer expected inflation from the prices of these nominal assets, thereby clouding the information content of the expected inflation series that has been derived. ...
... nominal bonds in more than just the determination of their returns. Thus, it is usually necessary to make strong auxiliary assumptions to infer expected inflation from the prices of these nominal assets, thereby clouding the information content of the expected inflation series that has been derived. ...
55838_Ch 07_Executive Board Summary.indd
... risks may lead to market pressure, rebuilding fiscal buffers should be a priority. In oil- and commodityexporting countries, the government’s financial assets, if sufficient, can be used to adjust gradually to the shock from lower oil prices. Nonetheless, spending cuts may be unavoidable in some fin ...
... risks may lead to market pressure, rebuilding fiscal buffers should be a priority. In oil- and commodityexporting countries, the government’s financial assets, if sufficient, can be used to adjust gradually to the shock from lower oil prices. Nonetheless, spending cuts may be unavoidable in some fin ...
finances in EMU – 2008 - European Commission
... IV.1.6. Share of social security contributions in tax revenues, 2006 IV.1.7. Taxes on capital, 1995-2006 averages IV.1.8. Taxes on labour, 1995-2006 averages IV.1.9. Taxes on on consumption, 1995-2006 averages IV.1.10. Marginal tax wedges on labour, 2007 IV.1.11. Change in the share of tax revenues ...
... IV.1.6. Share of social security contributions in tax revenues, 2006 IV.1.7. Taxes on capital, 1995-2006 averages IV.1.8. Taxes on labour, 1995-2006 averages IV.1.9. Taxes on on consumption, 1995-2006 averages IV.1.10. Marginal tax wedges on labour, 2007 IV.1.11. Change in the share of tax revenues ...
Riksbank Study: Evaluation of the Riksbank`s forecasts
... developments and low commodity prices – especially for energy – have held back cost increases. Swedish demand has also been held back by international developments, which has contributed to low domestic price increases in general. In addition, supply factors may also have played a role: companies’ m ...
... developments and low commodity prices – especially for energy – have held back cost increases. Swedish demand has also been held back by international developments, which has contributed to low domestic price increases in general. In addition, supply factors may also have played a role: companies’ m ...
... issues and policies. Part two of the Survey which, as in the past, is devoted to a study of a topical subject of common concern to the developing countries of the ESCAP region, focuses on the problems of macroeconomic management and reform faced by them in recent years. The performance of the world ...
MONETARY POLICY ISSUES IN THE 1980s
... students that the demise of the Bretton Woods fixed-exchange-rate system made it possible for policymakers to concern themselves much more exclusively with domestic problems than previously was the case. In the imperfect real world, however, it is apparent that we are a long way from complete policy ...
... students that the demise of the Bretton Woods fixed-exchange-rate system made it possible for policymakers to concern themselves much more exclusively with domestic problems than previously was the case. In the imperfect real world, however, it is apparent that we are a long way from complete policy ...
Retirement schemes and economic growth in sub-
... provision for adjustment of cost of living (real replacement rates are very low) and in some other countries the provision of social security has only recently been implemented. Therefore, there is an urgent need to reform retirement programs in SSA countries, but these reforms do not necessarily im ...
... provision for adjustment of cost of living (real replacement rates are very low) and in some other countries the provision of social security has only recently been implemented. Therefore, there is an urgent need to reform retirement programs in SSA countries, but these reforms do not necessarily im ...
COM SEC(2008)2092 EN
... IV.1.6. Share of social security contributions in tax revenues, 2006 IV.1.7. Taxes on capital, 1995-2006 averages IV.1.8. Taxes on labour, 1995-2006 averages IV.1.9. Taxes on on consumption, 1995-2006 averages IV.1.10. Marginal tax wedges on labour, 2007 IV.1.11. Change in the share of tax revenues ...
... IV.1.6. Share of social security contributions in tax revenues, 2006 IV.1.7. Taxes on capital, 1995-2006 averages IV.1.8. Taxes on labour, 1995-2006 averages IV.1.9. Taxes on on consumption, 1995-2006 averages IV.1.10. Marginal tax wedges on labour, 2007 IV.1.11. Change in the share of tax revenues ...
Inflation in Nepal - Nepal Rastra Bank
... been shown empirically in many studies. Because of this effect, many monetary authorities have been given the responsibility of keeping inflation at a level consistent with that needed for smooth growth of the economy. Nepal is also aware of the importance of having price stability for attaining sus ...
... been shown empirically in many studies. Because of this effect, many monetary authorities have been given the responsibility of keeping inflation at a level consistent with that needed for smooth growth of the economy. Nepal is also aware of the importance of having price stability for attaining sus ...
Economic Freedom - glendonTodd Capital
... Both indices measure economic freedom using similar categories and variables, having the same ultimate goal of determining the relative economic freedom of nations in hopes of promoting economic growth These measures utilize much of the same data and philosophies to determine their scores, but t ...
... Both indices measure economic freedom using similar categories and variables, having the same ultimate goal of determining the relative economic freedom of nations in hopes of promoting economic growth These measures utilize much of the same data and philosophies to determine their scores, but t ...
Expenditure Rules: Effective Tools for Sound Fiscal Policy? 29 WP/15/
... often not adopted at the same time as these rules (Figure 5). Only six of the 31 expenditure rules were introduced together with other rules. For instance, Brazil, Argentina, and Peru included expenditure rules in their fiscal responsibility laws as part of a wider set of reforms in 1999 and 2000. H ...
... often not adopted at the same time as these rules (Figure 5). Only six of the 31 expenditure rules were introduced together with other rules. For instance, Brazil, Argentina, and Peru included expenditure rules in their fiscal responsibility laws as part of a wider set of reforms in 1999 and 2000. H ...
Post–World War II economic expansion
""Golden Age of capitalism"" redirects here. Other periods this term may refer to are Gilded Age and Belle Époque.The post–World War II economic expansion, also known as the postwar economic boom, the long boom, and the Golden Age of Capitalism, was a period of economic prosperity in the mid-20th century which occurred, following the end of World War II in 1945, and lasted until the early 1970s. It ended with the collapse of the Bretton Woods system in 1971, the 1973 oil crisis, and the 1973–1974 stock market crash, which led to the 1970s recession. Narrowly defined, the period spanned from 1945 to 1952, with overall growth lasting well until 1971, though there are some debates on dating the period, and booms in individual countries differed, some starting as early as 1945, and overlapping the rise of the East Asian economies into the 1980s or 1990s.During this time there was high worldwide economic growth; Western European and East Asian countries in particular experienced unusually high and sustained growth, together with full employment. Contrary to early predictions, this high growth also included many countries that had been devastated by the war, such as Greece (Greek economic miracle), West Germany (Wirtschaftswunder), France (Trente Glorieuses), Japan (Japanese post-war economic miracle), and Italy (Italian economic miracle).