Timing of Hatching and Release of Larvae by Brachyuran Crabs
... their larvae shortly after dusk on tides that were less than maximum in amplitude. These tides ebb entirely during the night and may be favored because they allow larvae to leave shallow waters when fewer fish that eat plankton are feeding compared to other times (Christy 1986). Mixed semidiurnal ti ...
... their larvae shortly after dusk on tides that were less than maximum in amplitude. These tides ebb entirely during the night and may be favored because they allow larvae to leave shallow waters when fewer fish that eat plankton are feeding compared to other times (Christy 1986). Mixed semidiurnal ti ...
Sexual Dimorphism in Bite Performance Drives Morphological
... cryptic coloration and reduced ornamentation to avoid injury from predation, as well as high bite forces in the context of intraspecific encounters [16,17]. This results in a trade-off between the two selective pressures, with the relative strength of natural and sexual selection on particular head ...
... cryptic coloration and reduced ornamentation to avoid injury from predation, as well as high bite forces in the context of intraspecific encounters [16,17]. This results in a trade-off between the two selective pressures, with the relative strength of natural and sexual selection on particular head ...
Provisioning vocalizations in cooperative bell miners: More than a simple stimulus for nestling begging?
... Leech and Leonard 1997; Briskie et al. 1999), it would follow that nest attendants might minimize their vocalizations at the nest when possible, as these too might increase the risk of nest predation. In cooperatively breeding species, nests are characterized by the presence of multiple nest attenda ...
... Leech and Leonard 1997; Briskie et al. 1999), it would follow that nest attendants might minimize their vocalizations at the nest when possible, as these too might increase the risk of nest predation. In cooperatively breeding species, nests are characterized by the presence of multiple nest attenda ...
Factors Affecting the Evolution and Behavioral Ecology of the
... However,the digestive tractof extantursidsis not highly modified from that of other carnivorous mammals (Bunnell and Hamilton 1983), which may have influenced body size. In a study of digestibilityof different diets by 2 captive brown bears, Bunnell and Hamilton ...
... However,the digestive tractof extantursidsis not highly modified from that of other carnivorous mammals (Bunnell and Hamilton 1983), which may have influenced body size. In a study of digestibilityof different diets by 2 captive brown bears, Bunnell and Hamilton ...
SEASONAL VARIATION IN SEX RATIOS AND
... following the parental investment period will carry over to adulthood, and conditional advantages will differentially benefit male offspring in reproductive success. Since most ungulate species are polygynous, sexually dimorphic species which commonly exhibit the three assumptions (Hewison and Gaill ...
... following the parental investment period will carry over to adulthood, and conditional advantages will differentially benefit male offspring in reproductive success. Since most ungulate species are polygynous, sexually dimorphic species which commonly exhibit the three assumptions (Hewison and Gaill ...
Intersexual differences of heat shock response between two
... Sampling and experimental procedures Amphipods were collected in three consecutive years (2013–2015) with a hand net in the littoral zone (0–0.5 m) during each species’ respective mating time (E. cyaneus in June and E. verrucosus in November) near the coastal town of Listvyanka (51◦ 840 8500 N, 104◦ ...
... Sampling and experimental procedures Amphipods were collected in three consecutive years (2013–2015) with a hand net in the littoral zone (0–0.5 m) during each species’ respective mating time (E. cyaneus in June and E. verrucosus in November) near the coastal town of Listvyanka (51◦ 840 8500 N, 104◦ ...
Ciliate (Euplotes sp.) predation by Pseudodiaptomus annandalei
... rejection after capture was a negative function of the copepod's hunger level. Starved and poorly fed females showed a significantly lower rate of prey rejection compared to similarly treated males. The duration of handling a ciliate prey did not significantly differ between males and females of P. ...
... rejection after capture was a negative function of the copepod's hunger level. Starved and poorly fed females showed a significantly lower rate of prey rejection compared to similarly treated males. The duration of handling a ciliate prey did not significantly differ between males and females of P. ...
Rusty Crayfish (Orconectes rusticus)
... mature, which may occur during the first year, but more likely the following year. Rusty crayfish reach maturity at a total length of one and three-eighths inches and reach a maximum length of about four inches (not including claws). They averaged two and one-half inches in Wisconsin collections (Ho ...
... mature, which may occur during the first year, but more likely the following year. Rusty crayfish reach maturity at a total length of one and three-eighths inches and reach a maximum length of about four inches (not including claws). They averaged two and one-half inches in Wisconsin collections (Ho ...
The behavioral ecology of amblypygids
... Phrynus longipes (Pocock, 1894) of Puerto Rico, cave populations exhibit distinct, environment-specific variation in activity level, vigilance, hunting behaviors, and aggression relative to epigean (surface-dwelling) conspecifics (Chapin 2015). The selection pressures or behavioral plasticity that p ...
... Phrynus longipes (Pocock, 1894) of Puerto Rico, cave populations exhibit distinct, environment-specific variation in activity level, vigilance, hunting behaviors, and aggression relative to epigean (surface-dwelling) conspecifics (Chapin 2015). The selection pressures or behavioral plasticity that p ...
Character Convergence under Competition for Nutritionally
... resource use traits (character displacement) by generating selection favoring individuals able to use resources unavailable to others. However, this picture assumes nutritionally substitutable resources (e.g., different prey species). When species compete for nutritionally essential resources (e.g., ...
... resource use traits (character displacement) by generating selection favoring individuals able to use resources unavailable to others. However, this picture assumes nutritionally substitutable resources (e.g., different prey species). When species compete for nutritionally essential resources (e.g., ...
What Is Behavior?
... receive more care and learn necessary skills, and thus have a greater chance of surviving than those that do not follow their mother. Figure 51.5 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... receive more care and learn necessary skills, and thus have a greater chance of surviving than those that do not follow their mother. Figure 51.5 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
Sneaky African fig wasps that oviposit through holes drilled by other
... until the hole was found, whereupon it slowly moved backwards and inserted its ovipositor down the hole. The egg tube became detached from the increasingly curved sheaths (third valvulae), which nonetheless remained in position on the fig surface until about a quarter of the ovipositor had been inse ...
... until the hole was found, whereupon it slowly moved backwards and inserted its ovipositor down the hole. The egg tube became detached from the increasingly curved sheaths (third valvulae), which nonetheless remained in position on the fig surface until about a quarter of the ovipositor had been inse ...
video slide - fiserscience.com
... receive more care and learn necessary skills, and thus have a greater chance of surviving than those that do not follow their mother. Figure 51.5 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... receive more care and learn necessary skills, and thus have a greater chance of surviving than those that do not follow their mother. Figure 51.5 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
Brood space limitation of reproduction may explain growth after
... second theory is also possible as the volume of the brood chamber may not be sufficient to hold all the eggs that could be produced. To our knowledge, there has only been one previous example of an experimental test of the latter hypothesis (Perrin, 1989). This test revealed that identically sized i ...
... second theory is also possible as the volume of the brood chamber may not be sufficient to hold all the eggs that could be produced. To our knowledge, there has only been one previous example of an experimental test of the latter hypothesis (Perrin, 1989). This test revealed that identically sized i ...
Non-Random Evolution
... In his book, The Selfish Gene, Richard Dawkins considered reproduction in a similar way. Individuals are the temporary repositories of physical bits of information called genes. The genes hold the information that is used to direct the development, operation, maintenance and reproduction of a partic ...
... In his book, The Selfish Gene, Richard Dawkins considered reproduction in a similar way. Individuals are the temporary repositories of physical bits of information called genes. The genes hold the information that is used to direct the development, operation, maintenance and reproduction of a partic ...
Critter Class Bobcats - The Wildlife Center of Virginia
... will move from 2 to 7 miles (3.2 to 11 km) along its habitual route.[14] This behavior may vary seasonally, as bobcats become more diurnal during fall and winter. This is a response to the activity of their prey, which are more active during the day in colder months.[13] Per Wikipedia MVK: They gene ...
... will move from 2 to 7 miles (3.2 to 11 km) along its habitual route.[14] This behavior may vary seasonally, as bobcats become more diurnal during fall and winter. This is a response to the activity of their prey, which are more active during the day in colder months.[13] Per Wikipedia MVK: They gene ...
Click here - Graduate Training in Risk Analysis for Introduced
... America, 1 each in South America and Africa, and Australia. The plan is to alternate holding the conference in North America and Europe every two years. Thus, we anticipate the Second International Entomophagous Insects Conference to be held in Europe in 2011, the 3rd in N. America in 2013, and so o ...
... America, 1 each in South America and Africa, and Australia. The plan is to alternate holding the conference in North America and Europe every two years. Thus, we anticipate the Second International Entomophagous Insects Conference to be held in Europe in 2011, the 3rd in N. America in 2013, and so o ...
abstract_book_IEC_ao..
... highlighting the potential significance of sexual selection in explaining rates of ageing. ...
... highlighting the potential significance of sexual selection in explaining rates of ageing. ...
Intraspecific adoption and foster feeding of fledglings in the North
... waterfowl. In this study, I document for the first time the existence of intraspecific foster feeding and adoption of fledglings by adult passerines with their own young. During a three-year study of the North Island robin (Petroica longipes), a species with very low levels of extra-pair paternity, ...
... waterfowl. In this study, I document for the first time the existence of intraspecific foster feeding and adoption of fledglings by adult passerines with their own young. During a three-year study of the North Island robin (Petroica longipes), a species with very low levels of extra-pair paternity, ...
Chapter 7 - Ecology, Social Behavior, and Conservation in Zebras
... and bushbuck, pairs defend territories and mate monogamously. But when large-bodied ungulates, such as impala, waterbuck, and Cape buffalo, need large quantities of food, their ability to subsist on abundant low-quality forage limits competition, allows groups to form and favors polygamous mating (J ...
... and bushbuck, pairs defend territories and mate monogamously. But when large-bodied ungulates, such as impala, waterbuck, and Cape buffalo, need large quantities of food, their ability to subsist on abundant low-quality forage limits competition, allows groups to form and favors polygamous mating (J ...
interspecific competition alters nonlinear selection on offspring size
... competition-free environment were the largest and most fecund at the end of the experiment, and individuals in the high competition environment were the smallest and the least fecund (see Results and Figures S1 and S2). Note that because the treatments were applied at the scale of settlement plates, ...
... competition-free environment were the largest and most fecund at the end of the experiment, and individuals in the high competition environment were the smallest and the least fecund (see Results and Figures S1 and S2). Note that because the treatments were applied at the scale of settlement plates, ...
SHORT COMMUNICATION Ant mimicry in the spider Myrmecotypus
... Spiders are generalist predators found in diverse environments. Because most of them are small, soft-bodied arthropods and lack defensive protection against larger predators, they can become prey of these predators, especially of those that use their vision to detect prey (such as wasps, birds, spid ...
... Spiders are generalist predators found in diverse environments. Because most of them are small, soft-bodied arthropods and lack defensive protection against larger predators, they can become prey of these predators, especially of those that use their vision to detect prey (such as wasps, birds, spid ...
effects of western mosquitofish (gambusia affinis)
... ability of mosquitofish to consume or kill hatchlings or tadpoles. The potentially greater effect of males may therefore come from the fact that male mosquitofish are generally more aggressive to conspecifics and heterospecifics than females, especially in the lab (Martin 1975; Carmona-Catot et al. ...
... ability of mosquitofish to consume or kill hatchlings or tadpoles. The potentially greater effect of males may therefore come from the fact that male mosquitofish are generally more aggressive to conspecifics and heterospecifics than females, especially in the lab (Martin 1975; Carmona-Catot et al. ...
Spatial patterns of an endemic Mediterranean palm recolonizing old
... old lands by forests and shrublands. Very little is known about the spatial pattern of plants recolonizing such old fields. We mapped in two 21–22-ha plots, located in the Doñana National Park (Spain), all adult individuals of the endozoochorous dwarf palm Chamaerops humilis L. and determined their ...
... old lands by forests and shrublands. Very little is known about the spatial pattern of plants recolonizing such old fields. We mapped in two 21–22-ha plots, located in the Doñana National Park (Spain), all adult individuals of the endozoochorous dwarf palm Chamaerops humilis L. and determined their ...
Feeding behavior of the longsnout seahorseHippocampus
... In the field 57 specimens (19 PM, 11 NM, 10 RF and 17 NF) and 126 feeding events were recorded, of which eight did not result in capture of prey. Feeding frequency significantly differed among the tested groups (Kruskal-Wallis; H = 8.15 and P < 0.05), with the feeding frequency of group PM being sig ...
... In the field 57 specimens (19 PM, 11 NM, 10 RF and 17 NF) and 126 feeding events were recorded, of which eight did not result in capture of prey. Feeding frequency significantly differed among the tested groups (Kruskal-Wallis; H = 8.15 and P < 0.05), with the feeding frequency of group PM being sig ...
Behavioral ecology
Behavioral ecology is the study of the evolutionary basis for animal behavior due to ecological pressures. Behavioral ecology emerged from ethology after Niko Tinbergen outlined four questions to address when studying animal behavior which are the proximate causes, ontogeny, survival value, and phylogeny of behavior.If an organism has a trait which provides them with a selective advantage (i.e. has an adaptive significance) in a new environment natural selection will likely favor it. This was originally proposed as the theory of natural selection by Charles Darwin. Adaptive significance therefore refers to the beneficial qualities, in terms of increased survival and reproduction, a trait conveys. Genetic differences in individuals lead to behavioral differences that in turn drive differences in adaptation, reproductive success, and ultimately evolution.Individuals are always in competition with others for limited resources, including food, territories, and mates. Conflict will occur between predators and prey, between rivals for mates, between siblings, mates, and even between parents and their offspring.