Generalization in mate-choice copying in humans
... Individual-based mate-choice copying carries a possibly costly consequence: It places mate seekers especially in the thick of competition (Brennan et al. 2008), specifically leading them to choose mates that have already been chosen by others. Whether this imparts a substantial cost, and to what ext ...
... Individual-based mate-choice copying carries a possibly costly consequence: It places mate seekers especially in the thick of competition (Brennan et al. 2008), specifically leading them to choose mates that have already been chosen by others. Whether this imparts a substantial cost, and to what ext ...
Do Polymorphic Female Brown Anoles (Anolis sagrei) Differ in
... extent to which that behavior is performed (Brodie, 1992). Frequency-dependent predation (FDP) predicts that the most common visual morph of a species will suffer the most predation, resulting in changes in morph survival rates over time (Allen and Clarke, 1984; Paemelaere et al., 2011b). Observed s ...
... extent to which that behavior is performed (Brodie, 1992). Frequency-dependent predation (FDP) predicts that the most common visual morph of a species will suffer the most predation, resulting in changes in morph survival rates over time (Allen and Clarke, 1984; Paemelaere et al., 2011b). Observed s ...
Evolutionary Branching and Sympatric Speciation Caused by
... be incorporated into the underlying ecological models. In this article, we do this by assuming that the quantitative characters influencing ecological interactions are determined by many additive diploid loci (for an alternative approach, see Kisdi and Geritz 1999). In fact, there is a valid caveat ...
... be incorporated into the underlying ecological models. In this article, we do this by assuming that the quantitative characters influencing ecological interactions are determined by many additive diploid loci (for an alternative approach, see Kisdi and Geritz 1999). In fact, there is a valid caveat ...
SR 49(3) 19-23
... the nest where fungus is cultivated to digest leaf cellulose. The most interesting part of the story is that if even the most advanced human species is forced to live with fungus culture, it may not be able to bear the brunt of pathogens, but these superorganisms are least susceptible to such infect ...
... the nest where fungus is cultivated to digest leaf cellulose. The most interesting part of the story is that if even the most advanced human species is forced to live with fungus culture, it may not be able to bear the brunt of pathogens, but these superorganisms are least susceptible to such infect ...
Evolutionary branching and sympatric speciation
... underlying ecological models. In this paper, we do this by assuming that the quantitative characters influencing ecological interactions are determined by many additive diploid loci (for an alternative approach see Kisdi and Geritz 1999). In fact, there is a valid caveat against considering evolutio ...
... underlying ecological models. In this paper, we do this by assuming that the quantitative characters influencing ecological interactions are determined by many additive diploid loci (for an alternative approach see Kisdi and Geritz 1999). In fact, there is a valid caveat against considering evolutio ...
Wing-shaking and wing-patch as nestling begging strategies: their
... necessary prerequisite for subsequent evolution of wing-patches. An alternative scenario in which hosts do not show any pre-existing parental preference (Götmark and Ahlström 1997; Grim 2005) for wing related traits and where the preference evolves only in response to the cuckoo behaviour is meani ...
... necessary prerequisite for subsequent evolution of wing-patches. An alternative scenario in which hosts do not show any pre-existing parental preference (Götmark and Ahlström 1997; Grim 2005) for wing related traits and where the preference evolves only in response to the cuckoo behaviour is meani ...
Spotted Hyenas
... (Figure 2), they are substantially more aggressive than adult males, and they are socially dominant to all adult immigrant males (Figure 3). Female dominance is very rare among mammals, but it does occur in some species of lemurs and mole rats. Dominance relations among spotted hyenas affect virtual ...
... (Figure 2), they are substantially more aggressive than adult males, and they are socially dominant to all adult immigrant males (Figure 3). Female dominance is very rare among mammals, but it does occur in some species of lemurs and mole rats. Dominance relations among spotted hyenas affect virtual ...
Offspring size in a resident species affects community assembly
... reasons for expecting offspring size variation to have consequences that extend beyond the focal species alone. Differences in offspring size can generate differences in the performance, behaviour, competitive ability, susceptibility to predators, foraging ability and feeding preferences of those of ...
... reasons for expecting offspring size variation to have consequences that extend beyond the focal species alone. Differences in offspring size can generate differences in the performance, behaviour, competitive ability, susceptibility to predators, foraging ability and feeding preferences of those of ...
Silky Sifaka - Parc National de Marojejy
... just beyond the white fur of the head and cheeks. This species does not occur with any other sifakas and cannot be confused with any lemurs within its range. Unlike P. perrieri and P. edwardsi, where adult males and females are difficult to distinguish, adult male and female photo: Andrew Ritchie P. ...
... just beyond the white fur of the head and cheeks. This species does not occur with any other sifakas and cannot be confused with any lemurs within its range. Unlike P. perrieri and P. edwardsi, where adult males and females are difficult to distinguish, adult male and female photo: Andrew Ritchie P. ...
Why is a robin’s egg blue? by PHILINA ANNE ENGLISH
... falcinellus), which also contained the zinc chelate. Only the white-collared flycatcher (Muscicapa collaris) had egg shells containing both protoporphyrin and biliverdin’s zinc chelate, but lacking independent biliverdin. Of the remaining species, 49 had egg shells containing only protoporphyrin, 33 ...
... falcinellus), which also contained the zinc chelate. Only the white-collared flycatcher (Muscicapa collaris) had egg shells containing both protoporphyrin and biliverdin’s zinc chelate, but lacking independent biliverdin. Of the remaining species, 49 had egg shells containing only protoporphyrin, 33 ...
Ants for—and as—Wildlife
... contempt, and the near-daily interactions between “Us” and “Them” are rarely positive. Carpenter ants devour our woodwork. Sugar ants raid our kitchens. And nonnative ants like the red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) compete with and even prey on a wide variety of mammals, reptiles, amphibian ...
... contempt, and the near-daily interactions between “Us” and “Them” are rarely positive. Carpenter ants devour our woodwork. Sugar ants raid our kitchens. And nonnative ants like the red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) compete with and even prey on a wide variety of mammals, reptiles, amphibian ...
Natural Selection and Ecological Speciation in Sticklebacks
... Box 9.1 Defining ecological speciation Ecological speciation occurs when reproductive isolation evolves ultimately as a consequence of divergent natural selection between niches and environments (Schluter 2000, 2001). Reproductive isolation may evolve indirectly as a byproduct of adaptive divergence ...
... Box 9.1 Defining ecological speciation Ecological speciation occurs when reproductive isolation evolves ultimately as a consequence of divergent natural selection between niches and environments (Schluter 2000, 2001). Reproductive isolation may evolve indirectly as a byproduct of adaptive divergence ...
Spatial swarm segregation and reproductive isolation between the
... between the molecular forms is independent of their chromosomal constitution (Wondji et al. 2002). Therefore, chromosome inversions are not linked to the mate recognition system, whereas they are believed to contain genes conferring ecotypic adaptations (Coluzzi et al. 2002; della Torre et al. 2005) ...
... between the molecular forms is independent of their chromosomal constitution (Wondji et al. 2002). Therefore, chromosome inversions are not linked to the mate recognition system, whereas they are believed to contain genes conferring ecotypic adaptations (Coluzzi et al. 2002; della Torre et al. 2005) ...
Word - The Open University
... confirm the hypothesis that marmosets eat gum because it is a source of calcium? The results provide evidence that marmosets seek out sources of calcium. But for the hypothesis to be fully supported, we need to demonstrate that other foods in their diet, such as insects, are poor sources of calcium ...
... confirm the hypothesis that marmosets eat gum because it is a source of calcium? The results provide evidence that marmosets seek out sources of calcium. But for the hypothesis to be fully supported, we need to demonstrate that other foods in their diet, such as insects, are poor sources of calcium ...
Growth, development, and life-history strategies in an unpredictable
... (Smith & Smith, 2006). Diapause exhibits plasticity according Correspondence: Ellen L. Rotheray, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, U.K. E-mail: [email protected] ...
... (Smith & Smith, 2006). Diapause exhibits plasticity according Correspondence: Ellen L. Rotheray, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, U.K. E-mail: [email protected] ...
Animal Behavior
... Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
... Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
Distinguishing four fundamental approaches to the evolution of
... The evolution and stability of helping behaviour has attracted great research efforts across disciplines. However, the field is also characterized by a great confusion over terminology and a number of disagreements, often between disciplines but also along taxonomic boundaries. In an attempt to clar ...
... The evolution and stability of helping behaviour has attracted great research efforts across disciplines. However, the field is also characterized by a great confusion over terminology and a number of disagreements, often between disciplines but also along taxonomic boundaries. In an attempt to clar ...
Chapter 51 ppt
... • Differences at a single locus can sometimes have a large effect on behavior – For example, male prairie voles pair-bond with their mates, while male meadow voles do not – The level of a specific receptor for a neurotransmitter determines which behavioral pattern develops ...
... • Differences at a single locus can sometimes have a large effect on behavior – For example, male prairie voles pair-bond with their mates, while male meadow voles do not – The level of a specific receptor for a neurotransmitter determines which behavioral pattern develops ...
video slide
... • Differences at a single locus can sometimes have a large effect on behavior – For example, male prairie voles pair-bond with their mates, while male meadow voles do not – The level of a specific receptor for a neurotransmitter determines which behavioral pattern develops ...
... • Differences at a single locus can sometimes have a large effect on behavior – For example, male prairie voles pair-bond with their mates, while male meadow voles do not – The level of a specific receptor for a neurotransmitter determines which behavioral pattern develops ...
behavior
... • Differences at a single locus can sometimes have a large effect on behavior – For example, male prairie voles pair-bond with their mates, while male meadow voles do not – The level of a specific receptor for a neurotransmitter determines which behavioral pattern develops ...
... • Differences at a single locus can sometimes have a large effect on behavior – For example, male prairie voles pair-bond with their mates, while male meadow voles do not – The level of a specific receptor for a neurotransmitter determines which behavioral pattern develops ...
Sex and the Single Guppy
... predators, you will be able to watch what happens to your guppy population and how the introduction of predators can affect the guppy's appearance. The simulation will help you understand what ...
... predators, you will be able to watch what happens to your guppy population and how the introduction of predators can affect the guppy's appearance. The simulation will help you understand what ...
Reproductive Strategy and Behaviour of Male Asiatic Lions
... relation to their social organization, ranging patterns, habitat use and activity patterns. The study was undertaken in the Gir Sanctuary and National Park, Gujarat, India from April 2002 to February 2007. Lions being social felids an understanding of their varied and habitat-specific social organiz ...
... relation to their social organization, ranging patterns, habitat use and activity patterns. The study was undertaken in the Gir Sanctuary and National Park, Gujarat, India from April 2002 to February 2007. Lions being social felids an understanding of their varied and habitat-specific social organiz ...
Female dominance in mouse lemurs
... influencing factors of marking. In general, both sexes of gray mouse lemurs marked more frequently than Goodman´s mouse lemurs, and in both species the marking behavior of females, but not of males, was clearly influenced by season with higher female marking rates during the reproductive season. In ...
... influencing factors of marking. In general, both sexes of gray mouse lemurs marked more frequently than Goodman´s mouse lemurs, and in both species the marking behavior of females, but not of males, was clearly influenced by season with higher female marking rates during the reproductive season. In ...
behavior
... • Differences at a single locus can sometimes have a large effect on behavior – For example, male prairie voles pair-bond with their mates, while male meadow voles do not – The level of a specific receptor for a neurotransmitter determines which behavioral pattern develops ...
... • Differences at a single locus can sometimes have a large effect on behavior – For example, male prairie voles pair-bond with their mates, while male meadow voles do not – The level of a specific receptor for a neurotransmitter determines which behavioral pattern develops ...
Timing of Hatching and Release of Larvae by Brachyuran Crabs
... their larvae shortly after dusk on tides that were less than maximum in amplitude. These tides ebb entirely during the night and may be favored because they allow larvae to leave shallow waters when fewer fish that eat plankton are feeding compared to other times (Christy 1986). Mixed semidiurnal ti ...
... their larvae shortly after dusk on tides that were less than maximum in amplitude. These tides ebb entirely during the night and may be favored because they allow larvae to leave shallow waters when fewer fish that eat plankton are feeding compared to other times (Christy 1986). Mixed semidiurnal ti ...
Behavioral ecology
Behavioral ecology is the study of the evolutionary basis for animal behavior due to ecological pressures. Behavioral ecology emerged from ethology after Niko Tinbergen outlined four questions to address when studying animal behavior which are the proximate causes, ontogeny, survival value, and phylogeny of behavior.If an organism has a trait which provides them with a selective advantage (i.e. has an adaptive significance) in a new environment natural selection will likely favor it. This was originally proposed as the theory of natural selection by Charles Darwin. Adaptive significance therefore refers to the beneficial qualities, in terms of increased survival and reproduction, a trait conveys. Genetic differences in individuals lead to behavioral differences that in turn drive differences in adaptation, reproductive success, and ultimately evolution.Individuals are always in competition with others for limited resources, including food, territories, and mates. Conflict will occur between predators and prey, between rivals for mates, between siblings, mates, and even between parents and their offspring.