Improving fluorescence detection in lab on chip devices
... excitable at longer-wavelengths, but these are limited in number and more difficult to distinguish spectrally. Glass and quartz are viable alternatives, but require more difficult and costly fabrication methods. Non-fluorescent polymers amenable to molding and layering would be most ...
... excitable at longer-wavelengths, but these are limited in number and more difficult to distinguish spectrally. Glass and quartz are viable alternatives, but require more difficult and costly fabrication methods. Non-fluorescent polymers amenable to molding and layering would be most ...
The Mole - cloudfront.net
... Identify the percent composition of each element in a compound. Assume 100 g. total molar mass for the compound. Convert percentages to masses. Use molar masses of the elements to convert masses to moles Divide all moles by the smallest number of moles. The numbers obtained will give us the smallest ...
... Identify the percent composition of each element in a compound. Assume 100 g. total molar mass for the compound. Convert percentages to masses. Use molar masses of the elements to convert masses to moles Divide all moles by the smallest number of moles. The numbers obtained will give us the smallest ...
Thermodynamic Limits of Spatial Resolution in Active Thermography
... equation, and its solution can be described as a composition of plain thermal waves with different frequencies and wavenumbers [1]. The heat diffusion equation is a macroscopic mean-value-equation in the sense that in a microscopic picture the temperature is proportional to the mean value of the kin ...
... equation, and its solution can be described as a composition of plain thermal waves with different frequencies and wavenumbers [1]. The heat diffusion equation is a macroscopic mean-value-equation in the sense that in a microscopic picture the temperature is proportional to the mean value of the kin ...
Optical, Confocal, and 4Pi Microscopy
... Figure 2. Optical Path in a Standard Compound Microscope (Hecht 214) ................................... 5 Figure 3. Resolution Equation (Rack) ........................................................................................... 6 Figure 4. Depth of Field Equation (Rack) ..................... ...
... Figure 2. Optical Path in a Standard Compound Microscope (Hecht 214) ................................... 5 Figure 3. Resolution Equation (Rack) ........................................................................................... 6 Figure 4. Depth of Field Equation (Rack) ..................... ...
Optical spectroscopy techniques
... high sensitivity requires relatively high pressure (accoustic wave), like e.g. detection of trace gases in atmosphere ...
... high sensitivity requires relatively high pressure (accoustic wave), like e.g. detection of trace gases in atmosphere ...
A method for characterizing longitudinal chromatic aberration of
... part in the imaging the system is particularly sensitive to aberrations, whether specimen induced or inherent in the optical elements used (see, e.g. Pawley, 1995; Fricker & White, 1992). In applications such as single- or multiphoton-confocal fluorescence or second and third harmonic generation ima ...
... part in the imaging the system is particularly sensitive to aberrations, whether specimen induced or inherent in the optical elements used (see, e.g. Pawley, 1995; Fricker & White, 1992). In applications such as single- or multiphoton-confocal fluorescence or second and third harmonic generation ima ...
TRANSPORT OF IONS IN SOLUTION
... is the potential difference between 2 electrodes separated by a distance L F accelerates cations to the negatively charged electrode and anions in the opposite direction. Through this motion, ions experience a frictional force in the opposite direction. Taking the expression derived by Stoke rela ...
... is the potential difference between 2 electrodes separated by a distance L F accelerates cations to the negatively charged electrode and anions in the opposite direction. Through this motion, ions experience a frictional force in the opposite direction. Taking the expression derived by Stoke rela ...
MPE Tutorial Multiphoton Excitation Microscopy 5100 Patrick Henry Drive
... When working with biological samples, serious problems can occur with normal confocal fluorescence microscopy. One problem is photobleaching of the fluorescent label (fluorophore). In many cases, researchers are interested in observing living specimens, often at several stages during development. Be ...
... When working with biological samples, serious problems can occur with normal confocal fluorescence microscopy. One problem is photobleaching of the fluorescent label (fluorophore). In many cases, researchers are interested in observing living specimens, often at several stages during development. Be ...
Light Microscopy [10 credits]
... Explain the importance of sample preparation and the impact this has on image quality Describe the first steps of sample preparation in particular specimen fixation in detail Describe appropriate fixation protocols as the first step of immunofluorescence labelling Lecture 2 Title: Sample label ...
... Explain the importance of sample preparation and the impact this has on image quality Describe the first steps of sample preparation in particular specimen fixation in detail Describe appropriate fixation protocols as the first step of immunofluorescence labelling Lecture 2 Title: Sample label ...
MINIATURIZED FLUORESCENCE EXCITATION PLATFORM WITH OPTICAL FIBER FOR BIO-DETECTION CHIPS
... into the microchannel by a single-mode fiber guide on top of the microchannel. A fiber terminated waveguide was used to collect fluorescence light. Optical losses between waveguides and fibers may result in low power efficiency. Camou et al. tried to use thick film process and PDMS replication metho ...
... into the microchannel by a single-mode fiber guide on top of the microchannel. A fiber terminated waveguide was used to collect fluorescence light. Optical losses between waveguides and fibers may result in low power efficiency. Camou et al. tried to use thick film process and PDMS replication metho ...
Visualization of the gas flow in fuel cell bipolar plates using
... field. Micro-Particle Image Velocimetry (Micro-PIV) allows to measure local velocity distributions with high spatial resolution. The method is usually applied to liquid flows. The application to gas flows is under development (van der Schoot et al. 2010; Burgmann et al. 2010). In this experiment the ...
... field. Micro-Particle Image Velocimetry (Micro-PIV) allows to measure local velocity distributions with high spatial resolution. The method is usually applied to liquid flows. The application to gas flows is under development (van der Schoot et al. 2010; Burgmann et al. 2010). In this experiment the ...
Rejection of two-photon fluorescence background in
... independent of the beam spot size incident on the DM. We chose to sub-divide the DM pattern into few zones rather than many zones so as to minimize beam divergence from the DM and ensure that the same amount of power is delivered to the sample with or without aberrations. This was verified in practi ...
... independent of the beam spot size incident on the DM. We chose to sub-divide the DM pattern into few zones rather than many zones so as to minimize beam divergence from the DM and ensure that the same amount of power is delivered to the sample with or without aberrations. This was verified in practi ...
5 Convolution of Two Functions - School of Physics and Astronomy
... The special case of the convolution of a function with a Comb(x) function results in replication of the function at the comb spacing as shown in figure 2. Clearly if the extent of the function is less than the comb spacing, as shown in this figure, the replications are separated, while if the the ex ...
... The special case of the convolution of a function with a Comb(x) function results in replication of the function at the comb spacing as shown in figure 2. Clearly if the extent of the function is less than the comb spacing, as shown in this figure, the replications are separated, while if the the ex ...
Use of Broadband, Continuous-Wave Diode Lasers in Cavity Ring
... range of concentration and time regimes is important because elucidation of kinetic details often contributes greatly to m echanistic understanding. Because CRDS is a line-of-sight technique, it can also be used to record events with spatial resolution. Methylene blue added to a volume of acetonitri ...
... range of concentration and time regimes is important because elucidation of kinetic details often contributes greatly to m echanistic understanding. Because CRDS is a line-of-sight technique, it can also be used to record events with spatial resolution. Methylene blue added to a volume of acetonitri ...
Analytical Chemistry
... the chemical composition of materials. Analytical chemistry also is concerned with developing the tools used to examine chemical compositions. Analytical Chemistry deals with methods for determining the chemical composition of samples of matter. A qualitative method yields information about the iden ...
... the chemical composition of materials. Analytical chemistry also is concerned with developing the tools used to examine chemical compositions. Analytical Chemistry deals with methods for determining the chemical composition of samples of matter. A qualitative method yields information about the iden ...
Variable Incidence Angle Fluorescence Interference Contrast
... optical path. The finite annular width of these photomasks produces a range of uinc values to excite the sample. Therefore the fluorescence intensity is reported as a function of the median uinc, i.e., the angle corresponding to the median radius of the photomask. Note that it would be possible to m ...
... optical path. The finite annular width of these photomasks produces a range of uinc values to excite the sample. Therefore the fluorescence intensity is reported as a function of the median uinc, i.e., the angle corresponding to the median radius of the photomask. Note that it would be possible to m ...
Tracing the Movements of Single Atoms and Molecules on Solid
... vacuum technology, not only the adatom position can be more accurately mapped, the amount of data which can be collected from one adatom has increased tremendously, or both the data accuracy and statistical errors have improved greatly in recent years although the ideas and methods remain essentiall ...
... vacuum technology, not only the adatom position can be more accurately mapped, the amount of data which can be collected from one adatom has increased tremendously, or both the data accuracy and statistical errors have improved greatly in recent years although the ideas and methods remain essentiall ...
Three-dimensional imaging by optical sectioning in the aberration
... can see that they appear out of focus, while in figure 3b they now appear to be in focus compared with the other particles. From this, we can infer that these particles are at different heights on the support. To counter the effects of sample drift, each image in the focal series was aligned using a ...
... can see that they appear out of focus, while in figure 3b they now appear to be in focus compared with the other particles. From this, we can infer that these particles are at different heights on the support. To counter the effects of sample drift, each image in the focal series was aligned using a ...
Resolution in Confocal Microscopy
... need to further our investigation into other aspects of microscopy before a decision to favour a particular microscope is used, even when comparing single and two-photon confocal microscopes. There may be some preferences in using light with a longer wavelength due to the biologicals being imaged, t ...
... need to further our investigation into other aspects of microscopy before a decision to favour a particular microscope is used, even when comparing single and two-photon confocal microscopes. There may be some preferences in using light with a longer wavelength due to the biologicals being imaged, t ...
Raman spectroscopy: Watching a molecule breathe
... SECARS traces. Although being very specific to the time-resolved wave packet interference experiments, statistical analysis of the phase noise, as shown by Yampolsky et al., can also be used to distinguish the signal from one, two or many molecules with a reasonably high reliability, thus adding a f ...
... SECARS traces. Although being very specific to the time-resolved wave packet interference experiments, statistical analysis of the phase noise, as shown by Yampolsky et al., can also be used to distinguish the signal from one, two or many molecules with a reasonably high reliability, thus adding a f ...
Spectral diffusion induced by energy transfer in doped organic glasses:
... values of R 0 far in excess of a reasonable Förster radius. Finally, from the ET-mechanism one would also expect more sharply peaked line shapes than Lorentzians, contrary to 8 point to a what we found. Thus, our results obtained for G hom multi-step process involving all molecules absorbing toward ...
... values of R 0 far in excess of a reasonable Förster radius. Finally, from the ET-mechanism one would also expect more sharply peaked line shapes than Lorentzians, contrary to 8 point to a what we found. Thus, our results obtained for G hom multi-step process involving all molecules absorbing toward ...
A Pulsed Field Gradient Spin-Echo Method for Diffusion
... the difference is in absolute magnitude between the gradient pulses in a bipolar pair, the less efficient is the cancellation of the magnetic field transients following the pair. As the calibrated gradient strength is dependent on the time integral of the magnetic field gradient over the test sample ...
... the difference is in absolute magnitude between the gradient pulses in a bipolar pair, the less efficient is the cancellation of the magnetic field transients following the pair. As the calibrated gradient strength is dependent on the time integral of the magnetic field gradient over the test sample ...
Optimization of axial resolution in a confocal microscope with
... successfully applied the confocal scanning microscope with D-shaped apertures to imaging nuclear and cellular details in human epidermis in vivo [8,9]. The wide applicability of this geometry stems from the fact that the illumination and detection beams overlap only in the focal region, resulting in ...
... successfully applied the confocal scanning microscope with D-shaped apertures to imaging nuclear and cellular details in human epidermis in vivo [8,9]. The wide applicability of this geometry stems from the fact that the illumination and detection beams overlap only in the focal region, resulting in ...
2848-R - Bulgarian Chemical Communications
... it could be concluded that p-OH chalcones will be present mainly in their hydroxy tautomeric form in gas phase while in aqueous media both hydroxy and oxo forms exist. The obtained results are in good agreement with the corresponding experimental ones. The unsubstituted chalcone does not fluoresce i ...
... it could be concluded that p-OH chalcones will be present mainly in their hydroxy tautomeric form in gas phase while in aqueous media both hydroxy and oxo forms exist. The obtained results are in good agreement with the corresponding experimental ones. The unsubstituted chalcone does not fluoresce i ...
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) is a correlation analysis of fluctuation of the fluorescence intensity. The analysis provides parameters of the physics under the fluctuations. One of the interesting applications of this is an analysis of the concentration fluctuations of fluorescent particles (molecules) in solution. In this application, the fluorescence emitted from a very tiny space in solution containing a small number of fluorescent particles (molecules) is observed. The fluorescence intensity is fluctuating due to Brownian motion of the particles. In other words, the number of the particles in the sub-space defined by the optical system is randomly changing around the average number. The analysis gives the average number of fluorescent particles and average diffusion time, when the particle is passing through the space. Eventually, both the concentration and size of the particle (molecule) are determined. Both parameters are important in biochemical research, biophysics, and chemistry.FCS is such a sensitive analytical tool because it observes a small number of molecules (nanomolar to picomolar concentrations) in a small volume (~1μm3). In contrast to other methods (such as HPLC analysis) FCS has no physical separation process; instead, it achieves its spatial resolution through its optics. Furthermore, FCS enables observation of fluorescence-tagged molecules in the biochemical pathway in intact living cells. This opens a new area, ""in situ or in vivo biochemistry"": tracing the biochemical pathway in intact cells and organs.Commonly, FCS is employed in the context of optical microscopy, in particular Confocal microscopy or two-photon excitation microscopy. In these techniques light is focused on a sample and the measured fluorescence intensity fluctuations (due to diffusion, physical or chemical reactions, aggregation, etc.) are analyzed using the temporal autocorrelation. Because the measured property is essentially related to the magnitude and/or the amount of fluctuations, there is an optimum measurement regime at the level when individual species enter or exit the observation volume (or turn on and off in the volume). When too many entities are measured at the same time the overall fluctuations are small in comparison to the total signal and may not be resolvable – in the other direction, if the individual fluctuation-events are too sparse in time, one measurement may take prohibitively too long. FCS is in a way the fluorescent counterpart to dynamic light scattering, which uses coherent light scattering, instead of (incoherent) fluorescence.When an appropriate model is known, FCS can be used to obtain quantitative information such as diffusion coefficients hydrodynamic radii average concentrations kinetic chemical reaction rates singlet-triplet dynamicsBecause fluorescent markers come in a variety of colors and can be specifically bound to a particular molecule (e.g. proteins, polymers, metal-complexes, etc.), it is possible to study the behavior of individual molecules (in rapid succession in composite solutions). With the development of sensitive detectors such as avalanche photodiodes the detection of the fluorescence signal coming from individual molecules in highly dilute samples has become practical. With this emerged the possibility to conduct FCS experiments in a wide variety of specimens, ranging from materials science to biology. The advent of engineered cells with genetically tagged proteins (like green fluorescent protein) has made FCS a common tool for studying molecular dynamics in living cells.