Solvent effects on excited state relaxation phenomena
... the solute dipole, which is govened by electrostatic interactions, i.e. the preferential solvation efleect, can be understood as a limiting case (ref. 1). Here the characteristics of specific solvent effects, as the defined geometric structure, is lost. This shows that there exists a broad m g e of ...
... the solute dipole, which is govened by electrostatic interactions, i.e. the preferential solvation efleect, can be understood as a limiting case (ref. 1). Here the characteristics of specific solvent effects, as the defined geometric structure, is lost. This shows that there exists a broad m g e of ...
Point spread function engineering in confocal scanning microscopy
... The improvement of the performance of optical microscopes has aimed many researches along the last decades. Conventional wide-field microscopes are close to reach their maximum efficiency through the use of the available objectives with numerical apertures (NA) up to 1.4. However, when using this ki ...
... The improvement of the performance of optical microscopes has aimed many researches along the last decades. Conventional wide-field microscopes are close to reach their maximum efficiency through the use of the available objectives with numerical apertures (NA) up to 1.4. However, when using this ki ...
SPECTROSCOPIC MANIFESTATION OF DYE PAIR
... R6G, neutral- 6-aminophenalemen and zwitterionic - pyrromethane РМ580 with concentration growth in SRSF and gel solution Р123 at room temperatures. The used method of analysis promotes to the qualitative understanding of the nature the registered changes in interrelation with the probable localizati ...
... R6G, neutral- 6-aminophenalemen and zwitterionic - pyrromethane РМ580 with concentration growth in SRSF and gel solution Р123 at room temperatures. The used method of analysis promotes to the qualitative understanding of the nature the registered changes in interrelation with the probable localizati ...
Viscosity dependence of optical limiting in carbon black
... nanosecond pulses, the lower the thermal conductivity of the solvent 共see Table 1兲,15 the lower the limiting onset, and the steeper the slope of the limiting curve. It is clear from Fig. 2共a兲 that, by use of single shot, all three samples provide adequate limitation of the output over the entire ran ...
... nanosecond pulses, the lower the thermal conductivity of the solvent 共see Table 1兲,15 the lower the limiting onset, and the steeper the slope of the limiting curve. It is clear from Fig. 2共a兲 that, by use of single shot, all three samples provide adequate limitation of the output over the entire ran ...
The absorption spectra of very small CdS or ZnS particles (1
... Solution is yellow-green, and solution a is colorless. The particle size of colloid b was determined as 3 nm by electron microscopy, which corresponds to an agglomeration number of about 300; solution a contained smaller particles . The onset of light absorption of colloid b takes place at a photon ...
... Solution is yellow-green, and solution a is colorless. The particle size of colloid b was determined as 3 nm by electron microscopy, which corresponds to an agglomeration number of about 300; solution a contained smaller particles . The onset of light absorption of colloid b takes place at a photon ...
Two-Dimensional Pattern Formation in Diblock Copolymers
... velocities by a mobility envelope that decreases monotonically with time. We choose Mobility ~ e-bt. Marangoni - PEO acts as a surfactant thus Force = -kST c, where c is the polymer concentration. Entanglement - Two entangled polymers are considered connected by an entropic spring (non-Hookean). ...
... velocities by a mobility envelope that decreases monotonically with time. We choose Mobility ~ e-bt. Marangoni - PEO acts as a surfactant thus Force = -kST c, where c is the polymer concentration. Entanglement - Two entangled polymers are considered connected by an entropic spring (non-Hookean). ...
Get PDF - OSA Publishing
... replacing the point detector in a conventional confocal microscope with a detector array, e.g., a CCD chip, and thus the 2D photon distribution of the signal, i.e., the PSF, is sampled. Each detector pixel can now be considered to be an independent point detector, with the pixel size representing a ...
... replacing the point detector in a conventional confocal microscope with a detector array, e.g., a CCD chip, and thus the 2D photon distribution of the signal, i.e., the PSF, is sampled. Each detector pixel can now be considered to be an independent point detector, with the pixel size representing a ...
5548-4.pdf
... orders of magnitude. When the coatings contain predominantly y phase, the error will be low as variation of interdiffusion coefficient with composition is not high. However, when the h phase is formed by heat treatment, the assumption can introduce appreciable error. Hence, Sarkhel and Seigle [4], i ...
... orders of magnitude. When the coatings contain predominantly y phase, the error will be low as variation of interdiffusion coefficient with composition is not high. However, when the h phase is formed by heat treatment, the assumption can introduce appreciable error. Hence, Sarkhel and Seigle [4], i ...
Parallelized STED fluorescence nanoscopy
... Since the beginning of the 20th century, far-field optical microscopy has been essentially limited to >λ/2 > 200 nm in resolution, with λ denoting the wavelength of light. While electron and scanning probe microscopy have provided much finer details since then, they lack the possibility of non-invas ...
... Since the beginning of the 20th century, far-field optical microscopy has been essentially limited to >λ/2 > 200 nm in resolution, with λ denoting the wavelength of light. While electron and scanning probe microscopy have provided much finer details since then, they lack the possibility of non-invas ...
[pdf]
... the burned layer of the skin is larger, the number of moving erythrocytes in the investigated volume is smaller; as a result, the spectrum of scattered intensity fluctuations becomes narrower. In perspectives, the results of experimental study, which are presented in this paper, might be used as a b ...
... the burned layer of the skin is larger, the number of moving erythrocytes in the investigated volume is smaller; as a result, the spectrum of scattered intensity fluctuations becomes narrower. In perspectives, the results of experimental study, which are presented in this paper, might be used as a b ...
Research Article Bimodal Fluorescence and Magnetic Resonance
... of the samples, respectively. Inversion recovery pulse sequence was used for the measurement of T1 values (TR/TE = 15 ms/1.95 ms; 10 different inversion-recovery waiting delay values (TI) between 23 ms and 3 s; FOV = 160 ∗ 160; matrix = 768 ∗ 768; slice thickness = 3 mm). The signal intensity of each ...
... of the samples, respectively. Inversion recovery pulse sequence was used for the measurement of T1 values (TR/TE = 15 ms/1.95 ms; 10 different inversion-recovery waiting delay values (TI) between 23 ms and 3 s; FOV = 160 ∗ 160; matrix = 768 ∗ 768; slice thickness = 3 mm). The signal intensity of each ...
Resolution scaling in STED microscopy
... focal inhibition light pattern. We choose a linear approximation for the electric field close to the focal point, and the de-excitation intensity pattern can then be approximated by a parabola with its minimum at the focal point, i.e. I STED ( x ) = 4 I STED a 2 x 2 ...
... focal inhibition light pattern. We choose a linear approximation for the electric field close to the focal point, and the de-excitation intensity pattern can then be approximated by a parabola with its minimum at the focal point, i.e. I STED ( x ) = 4 I STED a 2 x 2 ...
The Intermediate Optical System of Laser
... given in the Melles Griot catalogue (Chapter 1, 1999); the performance of real lenses is found in Melles Griot, Chapters 6 and 11, this volume). One goal of the optical system is to generate a light spot in the image plane that is smaller than actually required. This is equivalent to overfilling the ...
... given in the Melles Griot catalogue (Chapter 1, 1999); the performance of real lenses is found in Melles Griot, Chapters 6 and 11, this volume). One goal of the optical system is to generate a light spot in the image plane that is smaller than actually required. This is equivalent to overfilling the ...
1 The Mole 6.02 X 10 23
... AND 1 mole = molar mass (grams) • You can convert atoms/molecules to moles and then moles to grams! (Two step ...
... AND 1 mole = molar mass (grams) • You can convert atoms/molecules to moles and then moles to grams! (Two step ...
Estimation of glucose diffusion coefficient in scleral tissue
... diffuses within the interstitial substance of the sclera we used the model of free diffusion 4,19,20 The diffusion equation for the local variation of glucose concentration within a layer can be presented in the form ...
... diffuses within the interstitial substance of the sclera we used the model of free diffusion 4,19,20 The diffusion equation for the local variation of glucose concentration within a layer can be presented in the form ...
Chapter 10 The Mole
... How many pens in 1 mole of pens? How many atoms in 63.546g of Cu? How many atoms in 6.3546g of Cu? How many molecules in 1 mole of sugar (C6H12O6)? How many molecules in 10 moles of sugar? How many carbon atoms in 1 mole of sugar? How many oxygen atoms? How many formula units in 1 mole of CaCl2? How ...
... How many pens in 1 mole of pens? How many atoms in 63.546g of Cu? How many atoms in 6.3546g of Cu? How many molecules in 1 mole of sugar (C6H12O6)? How many molecules in 10 moles of sugar? How many carbon atoms in 1 mole of sugar? How many oxygen atoms? How many formula units in 1 mole of CaCl2? How ...
Microscopy Overview
... resolution, but reduces contrast, so there will be an optimum condenser aperture size. 1.1.4 Abbe theory of microscope imaging Abbe argued that for coherent illumination of a grating, the grating spectra can be observed in the back focal plane of the objective. The tube lens then forms an image from ...
... resolution, but reduces contrast, so there will be an optimum condenser aperture size. 1.1.4 Abbe theory of microscope imaging Abbe argued that for coherent illumination of a grating, the grating spectra can be observed in the back focal plane of the objective. The tube lens then forms an image from ...
Stoichiometry, % Comp, Empirical & Molecular Formula
... How many moles is 4.56 g of CO2 ? How many grams is 9.87 moles of H2O? How many molecules in 6.8 g of CH4? 49 molecules of C6H12O6 has what mass? How many molecules of CO2 are the in 7.61 moles of ...
... How many moles is 4.56 g of CO2 ? How many grams is 9.87 moles of H2O? How many molecules in 6.8 g of CH4? 49 molecules of C6H12O6 has what mass? How many molecules of CO2 are the in 7.61 moles of ...
Confocal Microscopy - Emory Physics
... point. (Recall from introductory optics that points do not need to be at the focal point of the lens for the system of lenses to form an image.) In confocal microscopy, the aim is to see only the image of the dark blue point.[1] Accordingly, if a screen with a pinhole is placed at the other side of ...
... point. (Recall from introductory optics that points do not need to be at the focal point of the lens for the system of lenses to form an image.) In confocal microscopy, the aim is to see only the image of the dark blue point.[1] Accordingly, if a screen with a pinhole is placed at the other side of ...
P approximation for reflectance imaging with an oblique beam of arbitrary profile 1
... stochastic processes of absorption and scattering. These processes are characterized by the probability distribution functions based on the RT theory and therefore the obtained results provide equivalent solutions. The MC method has been used extensively to solve tissue optics problems with homogene ...
... stochastic processes of absorption and scattering. These processes are characterized by the probability distribution functions based on the RT theory and therefore the obtained results provide equivalent solutions. The MC method has been used extensively to solve tissue optics problems with homogene ...
1 Indentifying Unknown #M20 via Infrared Spectroscopy, Mass
... molecular formula, the molecular weight of the functional group is subtracted from the total molecular weight. To help determine the structure, the degrees of unsaturation, which indicate double and/or triple bonds and ring formation, is determined by comparing the molecular formula, C6H10O, to the ...
... molecular formula, the molecular weight of the functional group is subtracted from the total molecular weight. To help determine the structure, the degrees of unsaturation, which indicate double and/or triple bonds and ring formation, is determined by comparing the molecular formula, C6H10O, to the ...
Digital Fourier Microscopy for Soft Matter Dynamics
... ideas closer to fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) [31] than to DLS, it was shown that the typical FCS real space analysis of number fluctuations in a small volume [32] could be replaced by a dynamic analysis of Fourier transformed microscope images with the aim of extracting simultaneous i ...
... ideas closer to fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) [31] than to DLS, it was shown that the typical FCS real space analysis of number fluctuations in a small volume [32] could be replaced by a dynamic analysis of Fourier transformed microscope images with the aim of extracting simultaneous i ...
A guide to super-resolution fluorescence microscopy
... Resolution is often defined as the largest distance at which the image of two point-like objects seems to amalgamate. Thus, most resolution criteria (Rayleigh limit, Sparrow limit, full width at half maximum of the PSF) directly relate to properties of the PSF. These are useful resolution criteria f ...
... Resolution is often defined as the largest distance at which the image of two point-like objects seems to amalgamate. Thus, most resolution criteria (Rayleigh limit, Sparrow limit, full width at half maximum of the PSF) directly relate to properties of the PSF. These are useful resolution criteria f ...
AGS1927 Technical Datasheet
... peak has a finite, measurable width at 50% intensity (half height) that defines the confocal resolving power in z-direction. Secondary and higher order maxima give a hint about the quality of the optical system of the microscope (should be smaller than 20 % of the primary peak). As a rule of thumb: ...
... peak has a finite, measurable width at 50% intensity (half height) that defines the confocal resolving power in z-direction. Secondary and higher order maxima give a hint about the quality of the optical system of the microscope (should be smaller than 20 % of the primary peak). As a rule of thumb: ...
IX71/IX81 - Olympus Microscopy Resource Center
... for all applications. In addition to their high fluorescence S/N ratio, both these lenses are able to handle UV excitation light at parfocal 45mm. The UPLSAPO100XO provides a transmittance of up to 340nm. ...
... for all applications. In addition to their high fluorescence S/N ratio, both these lenses are able to handle UV excitation light at parfocal 45mm. The UPLSAPO100XO provides a transmittance of up to 340nm. ...
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) is a correlation analysis of fluctuation of the fluorescence intensity. The analysis provides parameters of the physics under the fluctuations. One of the interesting applications of this is an analysis of the concentration fluctuations of fluorescent particles (molecules) in solution. In this application, the fluorescence emitted from a very tiny space in solution containing a small number of fluorescent particles (molecules) is observed. The fluorescence intensity is fluctuating due to Brownian motion of the particles. In other words, the number of the particles in the sub-space defined by the optical system is randomly changing around the average number. The analysis gives the average number of fluorescent particles and average diffusion time, when the particle is passing through the space. Eventually, both the concentration and size of the particle (molecule) are determined. Both parameters are important in biochemical research, biophysics, and chemistry.FCS is such a sensitive analytical tool because it observes a small number of molecules (nanomolar to picomolar concentrations) in a small volume (~1μm3). In contrast to other methods (such as HPLC analysis) FCS has no physical separation process; instead, it achieves its spatial resolution through its optics. Furthermore, FCS enables observation of fluorescence-tagged molecules in the biochemical pathway in intact living cells. This opens a new area, ""in situ or in vivo biochemistry"": tracing the biochemical pathway in intact cells and organs.Commonly, FCS is employed in the context of optical microscopy, in particular Confocal microscopy or two-photon excitation microscopy. In these techniques light is focused on a sample and the measured fluorescence intensity fluctuations (due to diffusion, physical or chemical reactions, aggregation, etc.) are analyzed using the temporal autocorrelation. Because the measured property is essentially related to the magnitude and/or the amount of fluctuations, there is an optimum measurement regime at the level when individual species enter or exit the observation volume (or turn on and off in the volume). When too many entities are measured at the same time the overall fluctuations are small in comparison to the total signal and may not be resolvable – in the other direction, if the individual fluctuation-events are too sparse in time, one measurement may take prohibitively too long. FCS is in a way the fluorescent counterpart to dynamic light scattering, which uses coherent light scattering, instead of (incoherent) fluorescence.When an appropriate model is known, FCS can be used to obtain quantitative information such as diffusion coefficients hydrodynamic radii average concentrations kinetic chemical reaction rates singlet-triplet dynamicsBecause fluorescent markers come in a variety of colors and can be specifically bound to a particular molecule (e.g. proteins, polymers, metal-complexes, etc.), it is possible to study the behavior of individual molecules (in rapid succession in composite solutions). With the development of sensitive detectors such as avalanche photodiodes the detection of the fluorescence signal coming from individual molecules in highly dilute samples has become practical. With this emerged the possibility to conduct FCS experiments in a wide variety of specimens, ranging from materials science to biology. The advent of engineered cells with genetically tagged proteins (like green fluorescent protein) has made FCS a common tool for studying molecular dynamics in living cells.