89212104-Ch.8
... The claim that noun phrases have the structure in (65a) is known as the DP Hypothesis. It is believed that noun phrases include the category Agr under D which parallels the Agr category of I in IPs. Spec-head agreement phenomenon in DP, too. English does not have rich agreement inflection. ...
... The claim that noun phrases have the structure in (65a) is known as the DP Hypothesis. It is believed that noun phrases include the category Agr under D which parallels the Agr category of I in IPs. Spec-head agreement phenomenon in DP, too. English does not have rich agreement inflection. ...
Lingua Litera - stba prayoga padang
... The aim of this research was to find out the meanings of idiomatic expressions, the kinds of idiomatic expressions, and the dominant kinds of idiomatic expressions found in two short stories The Black Cat by Edgar Allan Poe and A Jury of Her Peers by Susan Glaspell. This study was a descriptive qual ...
... The aim of this research was to find out the meanings of idiomatic expressions, the kinds of idiomatic expressions, and the dominant kinds of idiomatic expressions found in two short stories The Black Cat by Edgar Allan Poe and A Jury of Her Peers by Susan Glaspell. This study was a descriptive qual ...
Coordination of Unlikes without Unlike Categories
... of Cho (1996), other non-constituent coordination phenomena as well) are basedgenerated. The coordination schema is allowed to form non-standard constituents, which the verb can take as arguments as informally depicted below: (9) John gave [ [a book to Mary] [and [a record to Sue]] ]. Here, the stri ...
... of Cho (1996), other non-constituent coordination phenomena as well) are basedgenerated. The coordination schema is allowed to form non-standard constituents, which the verb can take as arguments as informally depicted below: (9) John gave [ [a book to Mary] [and [a record to Sue]] ]. Here, the stri ...
Story PowerPoint
... description of the product you want to buy and record information (such as size or color) in the proper blanks. An application is used when a person applies for a job or wants to be accepted into a program or ...
... description of the product you want to buy and record information (such as size or color) in the proper blanks. An application is used when a person applies for a job or wants to be accepted into a program or ...
usage-based theory and grammaticalization
... auxiliaries are not always separable from verbs, and items within categories can have different features—one verb might become an auxiliary earlier than another. Change in category membership is referred to by Hopper (1991) as ‘decategorialization’ because it is typically the case in grammaticalizat ...
... auxiliaries are not always separable from verbs, and items within categories can have different features—one verb might become an auxiliary earlier than another. Change in category membership is referred to by Hopper (1991) as ‘decategorialization’ because it is typically the case in grammaticalizat ...
Reflexivization in Referent Grammar
... oneself/about Marina). In the R G approach, weak non-possessive reflexive markers are treated as parts of the predicate. Their morphological status as well as the fact that they often occur in pseudo-reflexives makes it natural, to interpret them as particles rather than referential expressions. Thu ...
... oneself/about Marina). In the R G approach, weak non-possessive reflexive markers are treated as parts of the predicate. Their morphological status as well as the fact that they often occur in pseudo-reflexives makes it natural, to interpret them as particles rather than referential expressions. Thu ...
Persian
... - « Short » vowels (/a/, /e/ and /o/) are not noted. (N.B. contrary to Arabic, these vowels cannot be reconstructed) • Morphology : - Rather poor nominal inflection (no gender, no case) . - Quite rich verbal morphology (modal/adpectual prefixes, 2 different verbal stems, personal endings, incorporat ...
... - « Short » vowels (/a/, /e/ and /o/) are not noted. (N.B. contrary to Arabic, these vowels cannot be reconstructed) • Morphology : - Rather poor nominal inflection (no gender, no case) . - Quite rich verbal morphology (modal/adpectual prefixes, 2 different verbal stems, personal endings, incorporat ...
TREE DIAGRAM (2)
... what the rules are! Understanding syntax (and morphology) can help researchers to understand how young children learn their native language Syntax Dr Alok K Das ...
... what the rules are! Understanding syntax (and morphology) can help researchers to understand how young children learn their native language Syntax Dr Alok K Das ...
Lecture 4 - ufal wiki
... 2 A verb in the form of an infinitive or a gerund: To [Y] ask John to do it would [X] be silly Which way to [Y] choose is [X] a matter of personal ...
... 2 A verb in the form of an infinitive or a gerund: To [Y] ask John to do it would [X] be silly Which way to [Y] choose is [X] a matter of personal ...
1998 - Henk van Riemsdijk
... must be analyzed as highly degenerate verbs. While not directly supported for languages like English, there is interesting confirmation of such a hypothesis in languages like Finnish, where negation is an auxiliary verb that is conjugated for person and number. 4 A further extrapolation, only mentio ...
... must be analyzed as highly degenerate verbs. While not directly supported for languages like English, there is interesting confirmation of such a hypothesis in languages like Finnish, where negation is an auxiliary verb that is conjugated for person and number. 4 A further extrapolation, only mentio ...
a study of parts of speech used in online thai food recipes
... 77.46% whereas the omission of verb to be in the present participle is used 22.54%. Active voice is more popularly used in both newspapers than passive voice. Phanphanich (1999) analyzed English usage in political news in English language newspapers. This purposes were studied the general characteri ...
... 77.46% whereas the omission of verb to be in the present participle is used 22.54%. Active voice is more popularly used in both newspapers than passive voice. Phanphanich (1999) analyzed English usage in political news in English language newspapers. This purposes were studied the general characteri ...
The Phrase - Haiku Learning
... Since stores usually do not allow customers to bring food or drinks inside, Gina and I gulped down our orange juice before [13] going into our favorite dress shop. We looked [14] through most of the sale racks, but none of the dresses, [15] all of them formal or evening gowns, appealed to us. A sale ...
... Since stores usually do not allow customers to bring food or drinks inside, Gina and I gulped down our orange juice before [13] going into our favorite dress shop. We looked [14] through most of the sale racks, but none of the dresses, [15] all of them formal or evening gowns, appealed to us. A sale ...
Module 1 Topic 1 - Ryerson University
... “You pooped in the refrigerator AND you ate the whole wheel of cheese?” AND joins two rather disturbing ideas— pooping in the fridge AND eating a big hunk of cheese. NICOLE: A pronoun is a word that takes the pace of a noun. Here, “You” and “I” are pronouns, because “You” is used here to refer to Ro ...
... “You pooped in the refrigerator AND you ate the whole wheel of cheese?” AND joins two rather disturbing ideas— pooping in the fridge AND eating a big hunk of cheese. NICOLE: A pronoun is a word that takes the pace of a noun. Here, “You” and “I” are pronouns, because “You” is used here to refer to Ro ...
parallelism - Johnson County Community College
... saying the same thing might be, "Lee had a great time scubadiving and also she waterskied during her vacation." Here the two parallel thoughts are expressed in nonparallel forms of words, and the sense of their parallel relationship is weakened. I. When elements are parallel in thought, use p ...
... saying the same thing might be, "Lee had a great time scubadiving and also she waterskied during her vacation." Here the two parallel thoughts are expressed in nonparallel forms of words, and the sense of their parallel relationship is weakened. I. When elements are parallel in thought, use p ...
λP.[λQ. ∀x((P@x)→(Q@x))]@ λy.boxer(y)
... • Quantifying noun phrases can clearly be used as functors. • But what about NPs like Vincent? If the semantic representation of Vincent is just the constant vincent, then we cannot do this. • Here is a bad answer: say that in such cases we apply the verb semantics to the noun phrase semantics. • No ...
... • Quantifying noun phrases can clearly be used as functors. • But what about NPs like Vincent? If the semantic representation of Vincent is just the constant vincent, then we cannot do this. • Here is a bad answer: say that in such cases we apply the verb semantics to the noun phrase semantics. • No ...
grammar of the Basque
... answered in the text, and to the extent of my capacity I have tried to become an inquisitive reader of this grammar, and then I have tried to answer the questions that seemed most obvious to me. No doubt, many have escaped my fingers, and I would be happy to hear about them from you. The informed re ...
... answered in the text, and to the extent of my capacity I have tried to become an inquisitive reader of this grammar, and then I have tried to answer the questions that seemed most obvious to me. No doubt, many have escaped my fingers, and I would be happy to hear about them from you. The informed re ...
Number sg
... • An alternative is to rethink the terminal and nonterminals as complex objects with associated properties (called features) that can be manipulated. • Features take on different values • The application of grammar rules is constrained by ...
... • An alternative is to rethink the terminal and nonterminals as complex objects with associated properties (called features) that can be manipulated. • Features take on different values • The application of grammar rules is constrained by ...
Unification Grammars
... • An alternative is to rethink the terminal and nonterminals as complex objects with associated properties (called features) that can be manipulated. • Features take on different values • The application of grammar rules is constrained by ...
... • An alternative is to rethink the terminal and nonterminals as complex objects with associated properties (called features) that can be manipulated. • Features take on different values • The application of grammar rules is constrained by ...
Semantics and Pragmatics - School of Computer Science, University
... • Royal “we” by a (British) king or queen. Authorial “we”: single authors often say “we” to mean just themselves, especially in an academic paper, in a misguided avoidance of “I”. (But “we” OK if it includes reader.) • “It” for baby or small child, in (at least) British English [somewhat old-fashion ...
... • Royal “we” by a (British) king or queen. Authorial “we”: single authors often say “we” to mean just themselves, especially in an academic paper, in a misguided avoidance of “I”. (But “we” OK if it includes reader.) • “It” for baby or small child, in (at least) British English [somewhat old-fashion ...
General Number and the Semantics and Pragmatics of Indefinite
... and Mary saw a writing implement.’ That is, the sentence has only two of the four logically possible readings. The same is true for examples with one-pronominalization such as (16b). Contrast this with a word like child which is truly unspecified as to the sex of its referent. The noun child is obv ...
... and Mary saw a writing implement.’ That is, the sentence has only two of the four logically possible readings. The same is true for examples with one-pronominalization such as (16b). Contrast this with a word like child which is truly unspecified as to the sex of its referent. The noun child is obv ...
Automatic Pattern Extraction for Korean Sentence Parsing
... noun phrases without any postposition and get the portion of them. If there is no specific marker, the noun phrases might be “object”. We can collect this kind of information from the parsed corpora. Other information on Korean sentences can be also gathered from the table. At first, we can see whic ...
... noun phrases without any postposition and get the portion of them. If there is no specific marker, the noun phrases might be “object”. We can collect this kind of information from the parsed corpora. Other information on Korean sentences can be also gathered from the table. At first, we can see whic ...
Syntax 319 Jurafsky D and Martin JH (2000) Speech and Language
... representation ± surface structure (or s-structure) and logical form (LF) ± by transformational processes which move NPs from thematic positions to positions associated with grammatical relations, and scope positions. This Transformational Grammar approach was proposed by Chomsky in the 1950s and ha ...
... representation ± surface structure (or s-structure) and logical form (LF) ± by transformational processes which move NPs from thematic positions to positions associated with grammatical relations, and scope positions. This Transformational Grammar approach was proposed by Chomsky in the 1950s and ha ...
Chapter 20: Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar
... This looks much more intimidating than it actually is. The lexical entry is an ordered list of the form of the word and the large AVM. Ordered lists are represented with angled brackets (< >). At the top we have word, which tells us, obviously, that this is a word and not a phrase. Below this we hav ...
... This looks much more intimidating than it actually is. The lexical entry is an ordered list of the form of the word and the large AVM. Ordered lists are represented with angled brackets (< >). At the top we have word, which tells us, obviously, that this is a word and not a phrase. Below this we hav ...
A Left-Branching Grammar Design for Incremental Parsing
... to achieve a similar analysis by means of an appropriately designed HPSG grammar that retains full compatibility with a standard bottom-up HPSG parser. This grammar design characteristically provides an analysis of long-distance dependencies where it is assumed that the fronted element is realized a ...
... to achieve a similar analysis by means of an appropriately designed HPSG grammar that retains full compatibility with a standard bottom-up HPSG parser. This grammar design characteristically provides an analysis of long-distance dependencies where it is assumed that the fronted element is realized a ...
4 Syntax
... scholars as lexical words with descriptive content and by others as mere function words. Certainly their lexical status is different from that of nouns or verbs which have maximum descriptive content. Overlap between certain categories is also found. For instance, some personal pronouns can function ...
... scholars as lexical words with descriptive content and by others as mere function words. Certainly their lexical status is different from that of nouns or verbs which have maximum descriptive content. Overlap between certain categories is also found. For instance, some personal pronouns can function ...
Determiner phrase
In linguistics, a determiner phrase (DP) is a type of phrase posited by some theories of syntax. The head of a DP is a determiner, as opposed to a noun. For example in the phrase the car, the is a determiner and car is a noun; the two combine to form a phrase, and on the DP-analysis, the determiner the is head over the noun car. The existence of DPs is a controversial issue in the study of syntax. The traditional analysis of phrases such as the car is that the noun is the head, which means the phrase is a noun phrase (NP), not a determiner phrase. Beginning in the mid 1980s, an alternative analysis arose that posits the determiner as the head, which makes the phrase a DP instead of an NP.The DP-analysis of phrases such as the car is the majority view in generative grammar today (Government and Binding and Minimalist Program), but is a minority stance in the study of syntax and grammar in general. Most frameworks outside of generative grammar continue to assume the traditional NP analysis of noun phrases. For instance, representational phrase structure grammars assume NP, e.g. Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar, and most dependency grammars such as Meaning-Text Theory, Functional Generative Description, Lexicase Grammar also assume the traditional NP-analysis of noun phrases, Word Grammar being the one exception. Construction Grammar and Role and Reference Grammar also assume NP instead of DP. Furthermore, the DP-analysis does not reach into the teaching of grammar in schools in the English-speaking world, and certainly not in the non-English-speaking world. Since the existence of DPs is a controversial issue that splits the syntax community into two camps (DP vs. NP), this article strives to accommodate both views. Some arguments supporting/refuting both analyses are considered.