Lexical Resources for Noun Compounds in Czech, English and Zulu
... Compounds in English can be formally described as follows. Noun compounds are head-final and thus leftbranching. English has very few compounds like attorney general, where the phrasal head is not the rightmost member. In most compounds, the phrasal head is also the semantic head, i.e., the constitu ...
... Compounds in English can be formally described as follows. Noun compounds are head-final and thus leftbranching. English has very few compounds like attorney general, where the phrasal head is not the rightmost member. In most compounds, the phrasal head is also the semantic head, i.e., the constitu ...
deverbal noun complementation rules applied to semantic
... language (Foltran, 2003), and the predicator is its linguistic expression. Traditional grammar divides declarative sentences into subject and predicate, the first part being the recipient or subject of the properties, and the second part containing the relational or nominal properties being assigned ...
... language (Foltran, 2003), and the predicator is its linguistic expression. Traditional grammar divides declarative sentences into subject and predicate, the first part being the recipient or subject of the properties, and the second part containing the relational or nominal properties being assigned ...
Tricky Grammar - Talk for Writing
... • The simple past eg: I ran; I danced; I ate • The past progressive eg: I was running, I was dancing; I was eating These parallel the two basic forms of the present tense. • The simple present eg: I run; I dance; I eat • The present progressive eg: I am running, I am dancing; I am eating etc. The pr ...
... • The simple past eg: I ran; I danced; I ate • The past progressive eg: I was running, I was dancing; I was eating These parallel the two basic forms of the present tense. • The simple present eg: I run; I dance; I eat • The present progressive eg: I am running, I am dancing; I am eating etc. The pr ...
finding clauses in unrestricted text by finitary and stochastic methods
... In the current Bell Labs text-to-speech system, tonal minor phrase boundaries are identified on the basis of commas, and tonal major phrase boundaries ate identified on the basis of periods. Finding more tonal minor phrase boundaries by using syntactic structure, in addition to punctuation, is the ...
... In the current Bell Labs text-to-speech system, tonal minor phrase boundaries are identified on the basis of commas, and tonal major phrase boundaries ate identified on the basis of periods. Finding more tonal minor phrase boundaries by using syntactic structure, in addition to punctuation, is the ...
Part-of-Speech Tagging Guidelines for the Penn Treebank Project
... appropriate in a particular context. The two sections 4.1 and 4.2 therefore include examples and guidelines on how to tag problematic cases. If you are uncertain about whether a given tag is correct or not, refer to these sections in order to ensure a consistently annotated text. Section 4.1 discuss ...
... appropriate in a particular context. The two sections 4.1 and 4.2 therefore include examples and guidelines on how to tag problematic cases. If you are uncertain about whether a given tag is correct or not, refer to these sections in order to ensure a consistently annotated text. Section 4.1 discuss ...
Race-Based Parsing and Syntactic Disambiguution
... grammar rules and then using the partially satisfied rules to generate expectations about what is to follow. Each stage is governed by the principles of RA, MA, and RALR, but the proposal leaves open most engineering issues. However, the model does assume a context-free grammar in which favored atta ...
... grammar rules and then using the partially satisfied rules to generate expectations about what is to follow. Each stage is governed by the principles of RA, MA, and RALR, but the proposal leaves open most engineering issues. However, the model does assume a context-free grammar in which favored atta ...
A multi-modular approach to gradual change in
... (b) And there were a bunch of kids, you know, and a bunch of schools. (SC) (c) I guess, uh, Barry Manilow comes to mind for some reason there’s, there’s not a whole lot of his stuff that I’m real crazy about, but he does have some things. (SC) (d) But it’s got lots of good recipes so I was thinking a ...
... (b) And there were a bunch of kids, you know, and a bunch of schools. (SC) (c) I guess, uh, Barry Manilow comes to mind for some reason there’s, there’s not a whole lot of his stuff that I’m real crazy about, but he does have some things. (SC) (d) But it’s got lots of good recipes so I was thinking a ...
pages 213–231 - Stanford University
... Copying the copula alone is completely impossible, as in (6)b. Now under the clitic analysis, the copula never forms a syntactic unit with its NP complement, and so we would expect (6)b to be the grammatical version. Additionally, it is unclearl how to make the copied part in (6)a a syntactic consti ...
... Copying the copula alone is completely impossible, as in (6)b. Now under the clitic analysis, the copula never forms a syntactic unit with its NP complement, and so we would expect (6)b to be the grammatical version. Additionally, it is unclearl how to make the copied part in (6)a a syntactic consti ...
Chapter 24 - 서울대 : Biointelligence lab
... computers to understand natural languages is NL understanding requires many sources of knowledge including knowledge about the context. (C) 2000, 2001 SNU CSE Biointelligence Lab ...
... computers to understand natural languages is NL understanding requires many sources of knowledge including knowledge about the context. (C) 2000, 2001 SNU CSE Biointelligence Lab ...
Penn Treebank Tagset
... appropriate in a particular context. The two sections 4.1 and 4.2 therefore include examples and guidelines on how to tag problematic cases. If you are uncertain about whether a given tag is correct or not, refer to these sections in order to ensure a consistently annotated text. Section 4.1 discuss ...
... appropriate in a particular context. The two sections 4.1 and 4.2 therefore include examples and guidelines on how to tag problematic cases. If you are uncertain about whether a given tag is correct or not, refer to these sections in order to ensure a consistently annotated text. Section 4.1 discuss ...
Comparative study of compound words in English and Indonesian
... are fractured, or the wrong categories are selected for fracturing, noise will be produced at unacceptable levels on retrieval. Various prior suggestions for handling compound terms are examined which include those for precoordinated or rotated, indexes.The syntactic origins are also explored and it ...
... are fractured, or the wrong categories are selected for fracturing, noise will be produced at unacceptable levels on retrieval. Various prior suggestions for handling compound terms are examined which include those for precoordinated or rotated, indexes.The syntactic origins are also explored and it ...
Part-of-Speech Tagging Guidelines for the Penn Treebank Project
... This manual addresses the linguistic issues that arise in connection with annotating texts by part of speech ("tagging"). Section 2 is an alphabetical list of the parts of speech encoded in the annotation system of the Penn Treebank Project, along with their corresponding abbreviations ("tags") and ...
... This manual addresses the linguistic issues that arise in connection with annotating texts by part of speech ("tagging"). Section 2 is an alphabetical list of the parts of speech encoded in the annotation system of the Penn Treebank Project, along with their corresponding abbreviations ("tags") and ...
adverb and adverbial phrase
... adverbial phrase answers the same questions as a regular adverb: how/how, much, when, or where ...
... adverbial phrase answers the same questions as a regular adverb: how/how, much, when, or where ...
Phrase Structure Rules
... elements inside of constituent IN ORDER from Left to Right X, Y, Z are variables representing any category (e.g., N, V, A, P, etc.) ©Andrew Carnie, 2006 ...
... elements inside of constituent IN ORDER from Left to Right X, Y, Z are variables representing any category (e.g., N, V, A, P, etc.) ©Andrew Carnie, 2006 ...
Chapter 24 - 서울대 Biointelligence lab
... computers to understand natural languages is NL understanding requires many sources of knowledge including knowledge about the context. (C) 2000-2002 SNU CSE Biointelligence Lab ...
... computers to understand natural languages is NL understanding requires many sources of knowledge including knowledge about the context. (C) 2000-2002 SNU CSE Biointelligence Lab ...
X-BAR MOTIVATED
... possible (a stronger stance) the acquisition process by severely constraining the range of possible grammars. ...
... possible (a stronger stance) the acquisition process by severely constraining the range of possible grammars. ...
Evolution of the Conception of Parts of Speech
... way, they sidestep this conundrum altogether and can devote their efforts to word categorization. ...
... way, they sidestep this conundrum altogether and can devote their efforts to word categorization. ...
Possessives and relational nouns
... remains grammatically present, perhaps in the form of a variable. Curiously, as Partee notes, this sort of bound reading is not always possible: compare Every soldier wrote a mother, which does not have a paraphrase that entails that each soldier x wrote to x’s mother. 1.4. Derived versus underived ...
... remains grammatically present, perhaps in the form of a variable. Curiously, as Partee notes, this sort of bound reading is not always possible: compare Every soldier wrote a mother, which does not have a paraphrase that entails that each soldier x wrote to x’s mother. 1.4. Derived versus underived ...
Prepositional Phrases as Subject Complements
... The second nominal function that prepositional phrases perform is the subject complement. A subject complement is a word, phrase, or clause that follows a copular, or linking, verb and describes the subject of a clause. For example, the following italicized prepositional phrases function as subject ...
... The second nominal function that prepositional phrases perform is the subject complement. A subject complement is a word, phrase, or clause that follows a copular, or linking, verb and describes the subject of a clause. For example, the following italicized prepositional phrases function as subject ...
PowerPoint Presentation - META-Net
... • Lexical rules apply to idiom elementary trees as usual • Lexical rules can be restricted to apply to certain elementary trees • Recognition and semantics: same as with single word elementary trees ...
... • Lexical rules apply to idiom elementary trees as usual • Lexical rules can be restricted to apply to certain elementary trees • Recognition and semantics: same as with single word elementary trees ...
The Relative Clause In Narrative Discourse - S
... object) or other functions like location, time, goal, or source. Unlike the English RC, where some relative pronouns (and prepositions left in the RC) show-if only minimally-the grammatical function of the head, the function of the coreferential noun in the Korean RC is not marked on the surface str ...
... object) or other functions like location, time, goal, or source. Unlike the English RC, where some relative pronouns (and prepositions left in the RC) show-if only minimally-the grammatical function of the head, the function of the coreferential noun in the Korean RC is not marked on the surface str ...
Catenae in Morphology
... dependency grammar has missed out on important trends and insights, and this has severely hampered any formulation of a dependencybased morphology. The fact that Anderson went on to establish “dependency phonology” (Anderson & Ewen 1987) instead of pursuing his initial program of dependency morpholo ...
... dependency grammar has missed out on important trends and insights, and this has severely hampered any formulation of a dependencybased morphology. The fact that Anderson went on to establish “dependency phonology” (Anderson & Ewen 1987) instead of pursuing his initial program of dependency morpholo ...
ENGLISH SYNTAX: Andrew Radford 1. Grammar
... languages like those used in mathematics and computing (e.g. Java, Prolog, C etc.), or from animal communication systems (e.g. the tail-wagging dance performed by bees to communicate the location of a food source to other bees)?’ It therefore follows that the descriptive apparatus which our theory o ...
... languages like those used in mathematics and computing (e.g. Java, Prolog, C etc.), or from animal communication systems (e.g. the tail-wagging dance performed by bees to communicate the location of a food source to other bees)?’ It therefore follows that the descriptive apparatus which our theory o ...
Long adjectival inflection and specificity in Serbo
... make the semantic notions of (in)definiteness and of (non) specificity clear. I will adopt the notion of (in)definiteness defined for example by Heim (1982) and Kamp (1981), which is expressed by the Familiarity Condition and the Novelty Condition. All indefinite NPs in a sentence must be novel : th ...
... make the semantic notions of (in)definiteness and of (non) specificity clear. I will adopt the notion of (in)definiteness defined for example by Heim (1982) and Kamp (1981), which is expressed by the Familiarity Condition and the Novelty Condition. All indefinite NPs in a sentence must be novel : th ...
The Case of Old English HRĒOW
... between free and bound forms, while representing the limit of categorial unification. Trees are instances of morphological constructions of two basic types: the endocentric type and the exocentric type. This distinction has been drawn by accepting the percolation of morphological features that inclu ...
... between free and bound forms, while representing the limit of categorial unification. Trees are instances of morphological constructions of two basic types: the endocentric type and the exocentric type. This distinction has been drawn by accepting the percolation of morphological features that inclu ...
Determiner phrase
In linguistics, a determiner phrase (DP) is a type of phrase posited by some theories of syntax. The head of a DP is a determiner, as opposed to a noun. For example in the phrase the car, the is a determiner and car is a noun; the two combine to form a phrase, and on the DP-analysis, the determiner the is head over the noun car. The existence of DPs is a controversial issue in the study of syntax. The traditional analysis of phrases such as the car is that the noun is the head, which means the phrase is a noun phrase (NP), not a determiner phrase. Beginning in the mid 1980s, an alternative analysis arose that posits the determiner as the head, which makes the phrase a DP instead of an NP.The DP-analysis of phrases such as the car is the majority view in generative grammar today (Government and Binding and Minimalist Program), but is a minority stance in the study of syntax and grammar in general. Most frameworks outside of generative grammar continue to assume the traditional NP analysis of noun phrases. For instance, representational phrase structure grammars assume NP, e.g. Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar, and most dependency grammars such as Meaning-Text Theory, Functional Generative Description, Lexicase Grammar also assume the traditional NP-analysis of noun phrases, Word Grammar being the one exception. Construction Grammar and Role and Reference Grammar also assume NP instead of DP. Furthermore, the DP-analysis does not reach into the teaching of grammar in schools in the English-speaking world, and certainly not in the non-English-speaking world. Since the existence of DPs is a controversial issue that splits the syntax community into two camps (DP vs. NP), this article strives to accommodate both views. Some arguments supporting/refuting both analyses are considered.