What is Syntax? - Columbia University
... particular): approach in which a linguistic theory enumerates all possible strings/structures in a language (=competence) • Chomskyan theories do not really use formal devices – they use CFG + informally defined transformations ...
... particular): approach in which a linguistic theory enumerates all possible strings/structures in a language (=competence) • Chomskyan theories do not really use formal devices – they use CFG + informally defined transformations ...
Generative Approaches to Syntactic Typology George Gibbard
... This thesis aims to be a limited exploration of the field of syntactic typology, examining critically two different proposals that have been made for classifying languages in different subfields of syntax. It is my contention that neither of these widely accepted classifications is really workable, ...
... This thesis aims to be a limited exploration of the field of syntactic typology, examining critically two different proposals that have been made for classifying languages in different subfields of syntax. It is my contention that neither of these widely accepted classifications is really workable, ...
Generating A Parsing Lexicon from an LCS-Based Lexicon
... The work of (Brent, 1993) produces a lexicon from a grammar—the reverse of what we aim to do. All of these approaches are specific to English. By contrast, our goal is to have a unified repository that is transferable to other languages—and from which our parsing (and ultimately generation) grammars ...
... The work of (Brent, 1993) produces a lexicon from a grammar—the reverse of what we aim to do. All of these approaches are specific to English. By contrast, our goal is to have a unified repository that is transferable to other languages—and from which our parsing (and ultimately generation) grammars ...
deverbal noun complementation rules applied to semantic
... In this work we propose a procedure that assigns semantic roles to phrases that participate in the argument structure of a deverbal noun predication. The main procedure includes two phases: first, the identification of arguments, and second, the classification of arguments. At the identification pha ...
... In this work we propose a procedure that assigns semantic roles to phrases that participate in the argument structure of a deverbal noun predication. The main procedure includes two phases: first, the identification of arguments, and second, the classification of arguments. At the identification pha ...
From Discourse to “Odd Coordinations” –
... see (6) below— with the interpretation of elided indefinites in structures like (4) and (5) above. Whereas in the case of Gapping the interpretation of the indefinite etwas (‘something’) remains constant irrespective of whether etwas is realized overtly or covertly —in both cases, etwas in the secon ...
... see (6) below— with the interpretation of elided indefinites in structures like (4) and (5) above. Whereas in the case of Gapping the interpretation of the indefinite etwas (‘something’) remains constant irrespective of whether etwas is realized overtly or covertly —in both cases, etwas in the secon ...
The Syntax of Small Clause Predication
... with the lexical head X. The dots between XP and YP, on the other hand, mean that other functional projections may also appear between these two projections, but, of course, only if required by the lexical head X. Now, going back to the external argument of the lexical head X, we can see in (1) tha ...
... with the lexical head X. The dots between XP and YP, on the other hand, mean that other functional projections may also appear between these two projections, but, of course, only if required by the lexical head X. Now, going back to the external argument of the lexical head X, we can see in (1) tha ...
ppt - Columbia University
... particular): approach in which a linguistic theory enumerates all possible strings/structures in a language (=competence) • Chomskyan theories do not really use formal devices – they use CFG + informally defined transformations ...
... particular): approach in which a linguistic theory enumerates all possible strings/structures in a language (=competence) • Chomskyan theories do not really use formal devices – they use CFG + informally defined transformations ...
Appendix A - Center for Sprogteknologi
... 2.3.1 The syntactic encoding of adjectives ......................................................................................................... 61 2.3.2 The valency of adjectives ................................................................................................................. ...
... 2.3.1 The syntactic encoding of adjectives ......................................................................................................... 61 2.3.2 The valency of adjectives ................................................................................................................. ...
Here - Ohlone - University of California, Santa Cruz
... of human language is the way in which it creates a bridge between two worlds which ought not be linked, and which seem not to be linked in any other species—a bridge linking the world of concepts, ideas and propositions with the world of muscular gestures whose outputs ...
... of human language is the way in which it creates a bridge between two worlds which ought not be linked, and which seem not to be linked in any other species—a bridge linking the world of concepts, ideas and propositions with the world of muscular gestures whose outputs ...
DeQue: A Lexicon of Complex Prepositions and Conjunctions
... be tempted to simplify the model and treat all of them as multiword tokens or words-with-spaces (Sag et al., 2002). However, accidental co-occurrence, like in example 2, creates ambiguities that are hard to solve at tokenisation time, specially given the simplicity of most automatic tokenisation app ...
... be tempted to simplify the model and treat all of them as multiword tokens or words-with-spaces (Sag et al., 2002). However, accidental co-occurrence, like in example 2, creates ambiguities that are hard to solve at tokenisation time, specially given the simplicity of most automatic tokenisation app ...
Online Syntactic Storage Costs in Sentence
... bottom-up, because such a mechanism would require an unbounded quantity of resources for such structures. Similarly, the fact that people have little difficulty processing unbounded leftbranching structures implies that the HSPM cannot be entirely top-down, because such a mechanism would require an ...
... bottom-up, because such a mechanism would require an unbounded quantity of resources for such structures. Similarly, the fact that people have little difficulty processing unbounded leftbranching structures implies that the HSPM cannot be entirely top-down, because such a mechanism would require an ...
Generating Context-Appropriate Word Orders in Turkish
... information structure, is integrated with Combinatory Categorial Grammars (CCGs). Often intonational phrase boundaries do not correspond to traditional phrase structure boundaries. However, by using the CCG type-raising and composition rules, CCG formalisms can produce nontraditional syntactic const ...
... information structure, is integrated with Combinatory Categorial Grammars (CCGs). Often intonational phrase boundaries do not correspond to traditional phrase structure boundaries. However, by using the CCG type-raising and composition rules, CCG formalisms can produce nontraditional syntactic const ...
Experiences with the GTU grammar development environment
... parsers. All parsers have speci c problems with some structural properties of a grammar, e.g. topdown depth- rst parsers may run into in nite loops if the grammar contains (direct or indirect) left recursive rules. Therefore GTU provides a static check for detecting left recursions. This is done by ...
... parsers. All parsers have speci c problems with some structural properties of a grammar, e.g. topdown depth- rst parsers may run into in nite loops if the grammar contains (direct or indirect) left recursive rules. Therefore GTU provides a static check for detecting left recursions. This is done by ...
RESTRICTING LOGIC GRAMMARS WITH GOVERNMENT
... DCG rules may themselves have arguments to hold structural representations or special features, and second, the right-hand side of any rule may include not only the grammatical terminals and nonterminals but also arbitrary predicates or "tests". The tests must be distinguished from the grammatical v ...
... DCG rules may themselves have arguments to hold structural representations or special features, and second, the right-hand side of any rule may include not only the grammatical terminals and nonterminals but also arbitrary predicates or "tests". The tests must be distinguished from the grammatical v ...
additive conjunction choice in english children short stories
... together with any auxiliaries. For example: (6) We will have finished by Tuesday. Verb phrase In example above, will have finished is a verb phrase with finished as its head. Syntactic Categories A syntactic category is a set of words and/or phrases in a language which share a significant number of ...
... together with any auxiliaries. For example: (6) We will have finished by Tuesday. Verb phrase In example above, will have finished is a verb phrase with finished as its head. Syntactic Categories A syntactic category is a set of words and/or phrases in a language which share a significant number of ...
click to proceedings of the conference.
... Treebank (MST) [29] has proved to be an invaluable resource over the years, and has been utilized by almost every Turkish dependency parser to date. However, its dependency grammar has come to be criticized on occasion from various standpoints, and it is known to contain a large amount of annotation ...
... Treebank (MST) [29] has proved to be an invaluable resource over the years, and has been utilized by almost every Turkish dependency parser to date. However, its dependency grammar has come to be criticized on occasion from various standpoints, and it is known to contain a large amount of annotation ...
Journal of Child Language Syntactic and semantic coordination in
... whether the complement clause was introduced by a complementizer, and the type of complementizer, depended on the matrix verb. For example, the matrix verb see was productively used with what, if, how, and where, whereas look (at) was only used with what. According to generative–nativist approaches, ...
... whether the complement clause was introduced by a complementizer, and the type of complementizer, depended on the matrix verb. For example, the matrix verb see was productively used with what, if, how, and where, whereas look (at) was only used with what. According to generative–nativist approaches, ...
Morphology vs. Syntax in Adjective Class Acquisition
... We modelled the syntactic behaviour of adjectives using three different representation strategies. The values in the three cases were frequency counts, that is, the percentage of occurrence of each adjective in that syntactic environment. The frequency of the adjectives from the gold standard in the ...
... We modelled the syntactic behaviour of adjectives using three different representation strategies. The values in the three cases were frequency counts, that is, the percentage of occurrence of each adjective in that syntactic environment. The frequency of the adjectives from the gold standard in the ...
Robust Handling of Out-of-Vocabulary Words in
... interaction between humans and computers through the use of natural language, be it in spoken or written form. Achieving this interaction needs an automatic way of understanding the meaning conveyed by a natural language expression. Note that, here, “understanding” is seen as a continuum. Different ...
... interaction between humans and computers through the use of natural language, be it in spoken or written form. Achieving this interaction needs an automatic way of understanding the meaning conveyed by a natural language expression. Note that, here, “understanding” is seen as a continuum. Different ...
syntactic constancy of the subject complement part 1
... rheme.! This principle is the primary word order principle in Czech, an inflecting language, but is subordinate to the grammatical principle in analytical English. In consequence, the two languages can be expected to display instances of the same ordering of corresponding lexical items (semantic ele ...
... rheme.! This principle is the primary word order principle in Czech, an inflecting language, but is subordinate to the grammatical principle in analytical English. In consequence, the two languages can be expected to display instances of the same ordering of corresponding lexical items (semantic ele ...
Compositionality Part 1: Basic ideas and definitions
... Compositionality is not vague or mysterious We will establish the following: Given a language L with a ‘reasonable’ syntax that identifies parts of complex expressions, and given an assignment µ of semantic values (‘meanings’) to expressions, the question whether µ is compositional or not is not vag ...
... Compositionality is not vague or mysterious We will establish the following: Given a language L with a ‘reasonable’ syntax that identifies parts of complex expressions, and given an assignment µ of semantic values (‘meanings’) to expressions, the question whether µ is compositional or not is not vag ...
C98-1061 - Association for Computational Linguistics
... The number of previous sentences considered in the resolution of an anaphor will be determined by the kind of anaphor itself. For pronominal references will be considered the antecedents in the same sentence or in the previous sentence if it is in the same paragraph, unlike to one-anaphora which hav ...
... The number of previous sentences considered in the resolution of an anaphor will be determined by the kind of anaphor itself. For pronominal references will be considered the antecedents in the same sentence or in the previous sentence if it is in the same paragraph, unlike to one-anaphora which hav ...
SRCMF tutorial
... In compound verb tenses (e.g. the perfect tense, the passive), the finite auxiliary verb is analysed as the head of the clause on which all other arguments and adjuncts depend (cf. avoir dite above). The past participle is a childless dependant of the finite verb. ...
... In compound verb tenses (e.g. the perfect tense, the passive), the finite auxiliary verb is analysed as the head of the clause on which all other arguments and adjuncts depend (cf. avoir dite above). The past participle is a childless dependant of the finite verb. ...
Dependency grammar
Dependency grammar (DG) is a class of modern syntactic theories that are all based on the dependency relation (as opposed to the constituency relation) and that can be traced back primarily to the work of Lucien Tesnière. Dependency is the notion that linguistic units, e.g. words, are connected to each other by directed links. The (finite) verb is taken to be the structural center of clause structure. All other syntactic units (words) are either directly or indirectly connected to the verb in terms of the directed links, which are called dependencies. DGs are distinct from phrase structure grammars (constituency grammars), since DGs lack phrasal nodes - although they acknowledge phrases. Structure is determined by the relation between a word (a head) and its dependents. Dependency structures are flatter than constituency structures in part because they lack a finite verb phrase constituent, and they are thus well suited for the analysis of languages with free word order, such as Czech, Turkish, and Warlpiri.