Lateral Hypothalamus Contains Two Types of Palatability
... Recording sessions typically lasted less than an hour and consisted of 15–20 repeats of each of the five taste stimuli, for a total of 75–100 separate taste deliveries. We have previously shown that palatability and neural responses are stable across this length of session and volume of fluid consum ...
... Recording sessions typically lasted less than an hour and consisted of 15–20 repeats of each of the five taste stimuli, for a total of 75–100 separate taste deliveries. We have previously shown that palatability and neural responses are stable across this length of session and volume of fluid consum ...
Single-Trial Decoding of Visual Attention from Local Field Potentials
... mid-␥ band (␥M: 60 –120 Hz), cue decoding reached 48%, attention decoding 44%, and saccade decoding 50%. For frequencies ⬍60 Hz, decoding accuracies sharply dropped near chance level (25%) for all task epochs. The decoding of cue and saccade direction recovered slightly for ␣ (␣: 8 –12 Hz) and theta ...
... mid-␥ band (␥M: 60 –120 Hz), cue decoding reached 48%, attention decoding 44%, and saccade decoding 50%. For frequencies ⬍60 Hz, decoding accuracies sharply dropped near chance level (25%) for all task epochs. The decoding of cue and saccade direction recovered slightly for ␣ (␣: 8 –12 Hz) and theta ...
Temporal coding in the gustatory system
... the functionality of temporal coding, and thus its relevance to neural processing of sensory stimuli. In this context, the taste system is an attractive model for the study of temporal coding because there are relatively few categories of similar tasting stimuli, called the ‘‘basic’’ taste qualities ...
... the functionality of temporal coding, and thus its relevance to neural processing of sensory stimuli. In this context, the taste system is an attractive model for the study of temporal coding because there are relatively few categories of similar tasting stimuli, called the ‘‘basic’’ taste qualities ...
Discharge Patterns of Neurons in the Ventral Nucleus of the Lateral
... measure used was the median latency of the first action potential, and variability was assessed using the semi-interquartile range (SIQR). The SIQR is half the interval between the 25th and 75th percentiles. The median and the SIQR avoid some of the problems associated with the mean latency and the ...
... measure used was the median latency of the first action potential, and variability was assessed using the semi-interquartile range (SIQR). The SIQR is half the interval between the 25th and 75th percentiles. The median and the SIQR avoid some of the problems associated with the mean latency and the ...
Tactile orientation perception: an ideal observer analysis of human
... spatially offset inhibition and its role in producing orientationselective responses remain somewhat unclear. A challenge is that RF structures evidently depend, in part, on the stimuli used to characterize them. In response to scanned, raised-dot stimuli, ⬎90% of area 3b neurons showed one or more ...
... spatially offset inhibition and its role in producing orientationselective responses remain somewhat unclear. A challenge is that RF structures evidently depend, in part, on the stimuli used to characterize them. In response to scanned, raised-dot stimuli, ⬎90% of area 3b neurons showed one or more ...
2015 Cosyne Program
... About Cosyne The annual Cosyne meeting provides an inclusive forum for the exchange of experimental and theoretical/computational approaches to problems in systems neuroscience. To encourage interdisciplinary interactions, the main meeting is arranged in a single track. A set of invited talks are se ...
... About Cosyne The annual Cosyne meeting provides an inclusive forum for the exchange of experimental and theoretical/computational approaches to problems in systems neuroscience. To encourage interdisciplinary interactions, the main meeting is arranged in a single track. A set of invited talks are se ...
Neural substrates for expectation-modulated fear learning in
... stores memories of the conditioned stimulus–unconditioned stimulus association, but the origin of UCS inputs to the amygdala is unknown. Theory and evidence suggest that instructive UCS inputs to the amygdala will be inhibited when the UCS is expected, but this has not been found during fear conditi ...
... stores memories of the conditioned stimulus–unconditioned stimulus association, but the origin of UCS inputs to the amygdala is unknown. Theory and evidence suggest that instructive UCS inputs to the amygdala will be inhibited when the UCS is expected, but this has not been found during fear conditi ...
Antennal Mechanosensory Neurons Mediate Wing Motor Reflexes
... the subset of these neurons that are driven by the JO-AB or JO-CE GAL4 driver. This intersectional strategy has been used successfully in a previous study to genetically ablate JO neurons (Yorozu et al., 2009). To further validate the selective expression of ricin A and the lack of leaky expression ...
... the subset of these neurons that are driven by the JO-AB or JO-CE GAL4 driver. This intersectional strategy has been used successfully in a previous study to genetically ablate JO neurons (Yorozu et al., 2009). To further validate the selective expression of ricin A and the lack of leaky expression ...
Reward-Related Neuronal Activity During Go - Research
... throughout the experiment (monkey A: 99.0, 99.6, and 98.0%; monkey B: 98.0, 97.0, and 99.6% for rewarded-movement, rewarded-nonmovement, and unrewarded-movement trials, respectively). Unrewarded movements did not lead to immediate reward but were followed by a conditioned auditory reinforcer and a s ...
... throughout the experiment (monkey A: 99.0, 99.6, and 98.0%; monkey B: 98.0, 97.0, and 99.6% for rewarded-movement, rewarded-nonmovement, and unrewarded-movement trials, respectively). Unrewarded movements did not lead to immediate reward but were followed by a conditioned auditory reinforcer and a s ...
Neural Encoding I: Firing Rates and Spike Statistics
... Neurons are remarkable among the cells of the body in their ability to propagate signals rapidly over large distances. They do this by generating characteristic electrical pulses called action potentials, or more simply spikes, that can travel down nerve fibers. Neurons represent and transmit inform ...
... Neurons are remarkable among the cells of the body in their ability to propagate signals rapidly over large distances. They do this by generating characteristic electrical pulses called action potentials, or more simply spikes, that can travel down nerve fibers. Neurons represent and transmit inform ...
Multi-item Memory in the Primate Prefrontal Cortex
... problem of storing multiple short-term memories might be solved. There is now an abundance of evidence that single items are represented in PFC activity by a rate code (Fuster and Alexander, 1971; Kubota and Niki, 1971; Fuster, 1973; Funahashi et al., 1989; Miller et al., 1996). What about multiple ...
... problem of storing multiple short-term memories might be solved. There is now an abundance of evidence that single items are represented in PFC activity by a rate code (Fuster and Alexander, 1971; Kubota and Niki, 1971; Fuster, 1973; Funahashi et al., 1989; Miller et al., 1996). What about multiple ...
Form representation in monkey inferotemporal cortex is virtually
... likely to underlie recognition. We applied a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to the response rates of each of the 204 neurons, using target identity (4 levels) and viewing condition (2 levels) as factors. Sixty-nine neurons (34% in each monkey) showed a main effect of target identity (were ‘tar ...
... likely to underlie recognition. We applied a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to the response rates of each of the 204 neurons, using target identity (4 levels) and viewing condition (2 levels) as factors. Sixty-nine neurons (34% in each monkey) showed a main effect of target identity (were ‘tar ...
Gustatory Processing in Drosophila Higher Brain Centers By
... was not identified until much later. This gene is preferentially expressed in the dorsal paired medial (DPM) neurons (Waddell et al., 2000), which have been shown to play an important role in memory consolidation. These genetic studies, and many others like them, have produced profound insights into ...
... was not identified until much later. This gene is preferentially expressed in the dorsal paired medial (DPM) neurons (Waddell et al., 2000), which have been shown to play an important role in memory consolidation. These genetic studies, and many others like them, have produced profound insights into ...
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... exhibit facilitation to rapidly repeated sounds. Neurons in PAF do not exhibit strong selectivity for rate or direction of narrowband one octave FM sweeps. These results indicate that PAF, like nonprimary visual fields, processes sensory information on larger spectral and longer temporal scales than ...
... exhibit facilitation to rapidly repeated sounds. Neurons in PAF do not exhibit strong selectivity for rate or direction of narrowband one octave FM sweeps. These results indicate that PAF, like nonprimary visual fields, processes sensory information on larger spectral and longer temporal scales than ...
S-potentials precede and drive nearly all LGN spikes in a burst.
... tonic. The bursting mode has been shown in cats and guinea pigs to depend on activation of the low-threshold calcium current (IT). Characteristically, all spikes but the first one in a burst do not require additional synaptic input to occur because IT depolarizes the cell, generating several INa act ...
... tonic. The bursting mode has been shown in cats and guinea pigs to depend on activation of the low-threshold calcium current (IT). Characteristically, all spikes but the first one in a burst do not require additional synaptic input to occur because IT depolarizes the cell, generating several INa act ...
Microevolution of neuroendocrine mechanisms
... Genetic variation in such populations can be inferred to have been largely or entirely present in the source population, allowing cautious inference about how microevolution might occur in nature due to natural selection or genetic drift. It is important to recognize that variation in long-captive p ...
... Genetic variation in such populations can be inferred to have been largely or entirely present in the source population, allowing cautious inference about how microevolution might occur in nature due to natural selection or genetic drift. It is important to recognize that variation in long-captive p ...
NIH Public Access
... Delay-tuned neurons occur in auditory systems of many bat species (Pteronotus parnellii, O'Neill and Suga 1979, Suga et al., 1979; Myotis lucifugus, Sullivan 1982a,b; Eptesicus fuscus, Dear et al., 1993; Feng et al., 1978), Rhinolophus rouxi, Schuller et al., 1988, 1991; Carollia perspicillata, Hage ...
... Delay-tuned neurons occur in auditory systems of many bat species (Pteronotus parnellii, O'Neill and Suga 1979, Suga et al., 1979; Myotis lucifugus, Sullivan 1982a,b; Eptesicus fuscus, Dear et al., 1993; Feng et al., 1978), Rhinolophus rouxi, Schuller et al., 1988, 1991; Carollia perspicillata, Hage ...
The multifunctional lateral geniculate nucleus
... exceeding the mundane ‘relay’. For many mammals, it is structurally impressive: Exquisite lamination, sophisticated microcircuits, and blending of multiple inputs suggest some fundamental transform. This impression is bolstered by the fact that numerically, the retina accounts for a small fraction o ...
... exceeding the mundane ‘relay’. For many mammals, it is structurally impressive: Exquisite lamination, sophisticated microcircuits, and blending of multiple inputs suggest some fundamental transform. This impression is bolstered by the fact that numerically, the retina accounts for a small fraction o ...
View/Open - eDiss - Georg-August
... collisions were frequent and collision analysis retrieved 10–15% of additional spikes. Physiological identification of units described from intracellular recordings was hard to achieve therefore the focus was on comparing individual units. Recording the population activity of auditory neurons in one ...
... collisions were frequent and collision analysis retrieved 10–15% of additional spikes. Physiological identification of units described from intracellular recordings was hard to achieve therefore the focus was on comparing individual units. Recording the population activity of auditory neurons in one ...
Multimodal Integration in Rostral Fastigial Nucleus Provides an
... single cerebellar neurons. Neuronal responses were recorded from the rostral fastigial nucleus, the most medial of the deep cerebellar nuclei, during whole-body, body-under-head, and head-on-body rotations. We found that approximately half of the neurons encoded the motion of the body in space, wher ...
... single cerebellar neurons. Neuronal responses were recorded from the rostral fastigial nucleus, the most medial of the deep cerebellar nuclei, during whole-body, body-under-head, and head-on-body rotations. We found that approximately half of the neurons encoded the motion of the body in space, wher ...
Total Wiring Length Minimization of C. elegans Neural
... using materials from [1] and new electron micrographs reported an updated set of data on electrical and chemical connections of the hermaphrodite worm. Although [3] was published in 2011, this updated connectivity dataset had been obtained before, and employed for example, in [4]. This refined datas ...
... using materials from [1] and new electron micrographs reported an updated set of data on electrical and chemical connections of the hermaphrodite worm. Although [3] was published in 2011, this updated connectivity dataset had been obtained before, and employed for example, in [4]. This refined datas ...
Bursting Neurons Signal Input Slope
... fast inward current is also present provides a very strong form of adaptation (Fig. 1C), enhancing slope detection. Without this inward current (fast positive feedback) the firing rate on the rising edge is low so there is little negative feedback and hence the difference between the rates on the ri ...
... fast inward current is also present provides a very strong form of adaptation (Fig. 1C), enhancing slope detection. Without this inward current (fast positive feedback) the firing rate on the rising edge is low so there is little negative feedback and hence the difference between the rates on the ri ...
Contextual Modulation of Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Neurons
... The movement fields plotted for this neuron in Fig. 3C reveal that these modulations were spatially tuned: the neuron paused more strongly for rightward (contraversive) fixational movements than for leftward movements, just as it paused more strongly for rightward than for leftward terminal saccades ...
... The movement fields plotted for this neuron in Fig. 3C reveal that these modulations were spatially tuned: the neuron paused more strongly for rightward (contraversive) fixational movements than for leftward movements, just as it paused more strongly for rightward than for leftward terminal saccades ...
Classification using sparse representations
... and a signal. Most practical methods fall into one of two classes: greedy pursuit algorithms, or convex relaxation algorithms (Tropp and Wright, 2010). The columns of the matrix V comprise basis vectors (or “elementary components”, or “codebook entries”, or “atoms”, or “dictionary elements”), that a ...
... and a signal. Most practical methods fall into one of two classes: greedy pursuit algorithms, or convex relaxation algorithms (Tropp and Wright, 2010). The columns of the matrix V comprise basis vectors (or “elementary components”, or “codebook entries”, or “atoms”, or “dictionary elements”), that a ...
What and Where Information in the Caudate Tail Guides Saccades
... right, left, up, and down with the eccentricity of 15°, and the center). The task started with the Figure 1. AnatomyoftheCDt.A,AnMRimageincludingthecaudatetail.Theimageplaneistiltedlaterallyby25°inwhichmostofthe presentation of a central spot of light [fixation electrode tracks to the CDt are includ ...
... right, left, up, and down with the eccentricity of 15°, and the center). The task started with the Figure 1. AnatomyoftheCDt.A,AnMRimageincludingthecaudatetail.Theimageplaneistiltedlaterallyby25°inwhichmostofthe presentation of a central spot of light [fixation electrode tracks to the CDt are includ ...
Efficient coding hypothesis
The efficient coding hypothesis was proposed by Horace Barlow in 1961 as a theoretical model of sensory coding in the brain. Within the brain, neurons often communicate with one another by sending electrical impulses referred to as action potentials or spikes. One goal of sensory neuroscience is to decipher the meaning of these spikes in order to understand how the brain represents and processes information about the outside world. Barlow hypothesized that the spikes in the sensory system formed a neural code for efficiently representing sensory information. By efficient Barlow meant that the code minimized the number of spikes needed to transmit a given signal. This is somewhat analogous to transmitting information across the internet, where different file formats can be used to transmit a given image. Different file formats require different number of bits for representing the same image at given distortion level, and some are better suited for representing certain classes of images than others. According to this model, the brain is thought to use a code which is suited for representing visual and audio information representative of an organism's natural environment.