Cross-modal Circuitry Between Auditory and
... or integration are comparatively rare. Furthermore, when neurons receiving auditory and somatosensory inputs have been reported, they showed the lowest incidence among the different patterns of multisensory convergence (Meredith and Stein, 1986; Wallace et al., 1992, 1993; Jiang et al., 1994a,b). Al ...
... or integration are comparatively rare. Furthermore, when neurons receiving auditory and somatosensory inputs have been reported, they showed the lowest incidence among the different patterns of multisensory convergence (Meredith and Stein, 1986; Wallace et al., 1992, 1993; Jiang et al., 1994a,b). Al ...
Thalamic POm projections to the dorsolateral striatum of rats
... In all experiments, a data acquisition system (SciWorks, ver. 6.0; DataWave Technologies, Broomfield, CO) provided on-line ECoG displays to indicate the anesthetic state of the rat (Friedberg 1999). Activity recorded from the dural surface of the frontal cortex was amplified, filtered (0.3–300 Hz), ...
... In all experiments, a data acquisition system (SciWorks, ver. 6.0; DataWave Technologies, Broomfield, CO) provided on-line ECoG displays to indicate the anesthetic state of the rat (Friedberg 1999). Activity recorded from the dural surface of the frontal cortex was amplified, filtered (0.3–300 Hz), ...
Integration of Sensory and Reward Information
... 1 Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America, 2 Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America ...
... 1 Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America, 2 Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America ...
Fluctuations in Perceptual Decisions Panagiota Theodoni
... realistic attractor network, by consistently reducing it to a fourvariable rate- based model, and by extracting analytical expressions for second- order statistics. We considered human behavioral and macaque neurophysiological data collected when subjects were confronting with such ambiguities. Our ...
... realistic attractor network, by consistently reducing it to a fourvariable rate- based model, and by extracting analytical expressions for second- order statistics. We considered human behavioral and macaque neurophysiological data collected when subjects were confronting with such ambiguities. Our ...
Full Text - Harvard University
... observations have contradicted aspects of Hull’s drive reduction theory. For example, feeding nutrients intravenously or intragastrically should reduce drive buildup, yet it does not prevent eating (Nicholaidis and Rowland 1974). Furthermore, it could not explain why animals and people abuse of drug ...
... observations have contradicted aspects of Hull’s drive reduction theory. For example, feeding nutrients intravenously or intragastrically should reduce drive buildup, yet it does not prevent eating (Nicholaidis and Rowland 1974). Furthermore, it could not explain why animals and people abuse of drug ...
Bipolar Cell
... • We receive information about the environment from sensory receptors—specialized neurons that detect a variety of physical events. (Do not confuse sensory receptors with receptors for neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, and hormones.) • Sensory receptors are specialized neurons, and the other types ...
... • We receive information about the environment from sensory receptors—specialized neurons that detect a variety of physical events. (Do not confuse sensory receptors with receptors for neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, and hormones.) • Sensory receptors are specialized neurons, and the other types ...
The Optic Tectum in Fishes
... by drugs that block synapses suggesting that it comes from the dendrites of tectal cells where optic fibers make synapses. Microelectrodes may also pick up action potentials indicative of individual neurons in tectum. If such units are visually responsive, their receptive fields generally differ fr ...
... by drugs that block synapses suggesting that it comes from the dendrites of tectal cells where optic fibers make synapses. Microelectrodes may also pick up action potentials indicative of individual neurons in tectum. If such units are visually responsive, their receptive fields generally differ fr ...
Shape Selectivity in Primate Frontal Eye Field
... (shapes or faces) versus spatial properties (e.g., Hoshi et al. 2000; Ó Scalaidhe et al. 1999; Wilson et al. 1993). However, other studies have not found regional dissociations between prefrontal neurons that are sensitive to object properties (shapes or colors) and those sensitive to spatial prope ...
... (shapes or faces) versus spatial properties (e.g., Hoshi et al. 2000; Ó Scalaidhe et al. 1999; Wilson et al. 1993). However, other studies have not found regional dissociations between prefrontal neurons that are sensitive to object properties (shapes or colors) and those sensitive to spatial prope ...
Comparison of Primate Prefrontal and Inferior Temporal
... PFC and the ITC of monkeys while they performed a category-matching task. We found that the PFC and the ITC play distinct roles in category-based behaviors: the ITC seems more involved in the analysis of currently viewed shapes, whereas the PFC showed stronger category signals, memory effects, and a ...
... PFC and the ITC of monkeys while they performed a category-matching task. We found that the PFC and the ITC play distinct roles in category-based behaviors: the ITC seems more involved in the analysis of currently viewed shapes, whereas the PFC showed stronger category signals, memory effects, and a ...
A neurocomputational model of the mammalian fear
... CSs and USs that evoke behaviours associated with fear. One well-known (and ethically controversial) fear conditioning experiment was performed by John Watson in 1919 [73]. In his experiment, Watson taught an infant (known as ‘Albert B.’) to fear a white rat. Initially the infant was presented with ...
... CSs and USs that evoke behaviours associated with fear. One well-known (and ethically controversial) fear conditioning experiment was performed by John Watson in 1919 [73]. In his experiment, Watson taught an infant (known as ‘Albert B.’) to fear a white rat. Initially the infant was presented with ...
Balanced Excitatory and Inhibitory Inputs to Cortical Neurons
... greatly, irregular neuronal firing makes it difficult to estimate instantaneous firing rates accurately. If, however, the irregularity of spike timing is decoupled from rate modulations, the estimate of firing rate can be improved. Here, we introduce a novel coding scheme to make the firing irregula ...
... greatly, irregular neuronal firing makes it difficult to estimate instantaneous firing rates accurately. If, however, the irregularity of spike timing is decoupled from rate modulations, the estimate of firing rate can be improved. Here, we introduce a novel coding scheme to make the firing irregula ...
Prediction of Subjective Affective State From Brain Activations
... Techniques have been developed to enable the information provided by populations of simultaneously recorded neurons to be analyzed (Aggelopoulos et al. 2005; Franco et al. 2004; Rolls et al. 1997a), and in this section, we extend these techniques to the analysis of functional imaging data. These tec ...
... Techniques have been developed to enable the information provided by populations of simultaneously recorded neurons to be analyzed (Aggelopoulos et al. 2005; Franco et al. 2004; Rolls et al. 1997a), and in this section, we extend these techniques to the analysis of functional imaging data. These tec ...
Auditory Neurons in the Dorsal Cortex of the Inferior Colliculus
... the auditory nerve. The cochlear nucleus is subdivided into ventral and dorsal divisions (VCN and DCN, respectively). The ventral division can be further subdivided into the anterior ventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN), and the posterior ventral cochlear nucleus (PVCN). Each division of the CN receives ...
... the auditory nerve. The cochlear nucleus is subdivided into ventral and dorsal divisions (VCN and DCN, respectively). The ventral division can be further subdivided into the anterior ventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN), and the posterior ventral cochlear nucleus (PVCN). Each division of the CN receives ...
Response Differences in Monkey TE and Perirhinal Cortex: Stimulus
... patterns used in the DMS trials and the visual cues. Some response properties such as DMS pattern-related stimulus selectivity were similar. However, TE and perirhinal neurons also show strikingly different response properties. The latency distribution of perirhinal responses is centered 66 ms later ...
... patterns used in the DMS trials and the visual cues. Some response properties such as DMS pattern-related stimulus selectivity were similar. However, TE and perirhinal neurons also show strikingly different response properties. The latency distribution of perirhinal responses is centered 66 ms later ...
concurrent, distributed control of saccade initiation in the frontal eye
... Each experiment finds that this saccadic reaction time (SRT) ranges from rarely less than 100 ms to as much as 500 ms or more. Moreover, SRT can vary over a wide range across a block of trials even within a single task with constant stimuli and unchanging instructions. The origin of the delay and va ...
... Each experiment finds that this saccadic reaction time (SRT) ranges from rarely less than 100 ms to as much as 500 ms or more. Moreover, SRT can vary over a wide range across a block of trials even within a single task with constant stimuli and unchanging instructions. The origin of the delay and va ...
Plasticity of Binocularity and Visual Acuity Are Differentially Limited
... established once a mouse exhibited a consistent pattern of performance. Acuity thresholds were estimated as the spatial frequency average from three or more failures at adjacent spatial frequencies. Throughout the testing phase, any mouse that failed to find the hidden platform on the first try repe ...
... established once a mouse exhibited a consistent pattern of performance. Acuity thresholds were estimated as the spatial frequency average from three or more failures at adjacent spatial frequencies. Throughout the testing phase, any mouse that failed to find the hidden platform on the first try repe ...
Magnocellular and Parvocellular Contributions to
... of either the magnocellular or the parvocellular LGN are impaired on different types of visual tasks(Merigan et al., 1989a,b; Schiller et al., 1990). Another body of supporting observations includes the similarities between neuronal responseproperties in the subcortical P channel and the cortical ar ...
... of either the magnocellular or the parvocellular LGN are impaired on different types of visual tasks(Merigan et al., 1989a,b; Schiller et al., 1990). Another body of supporting observations includes the similarities between neuronal responseproperties in the subcortical P channel and the cortical ar ...
PLoS Biol. 2016 Oct 10.
... Author Summary Transmission of birdsong across generations requires tight interactions between auditory and vocal systems. However, how these interactions take place is poorly understood. We studied neuronal activity in the brain area located at the intersection between auditory and song motor areas ...
... Author Summary Transmission of birdsong across generations requires tight interactions between auditory and vocal systems. However, how these interactions take place is poorly understood. We studied neuronal activity in the brain area located at the intersection between auditory and song motor areas ...
One Computer Scientist`s (Deep) Superior Colliculus
... Every natural organism embodies solutions to a host of ecological problems, found through eons of evolution. The study of these solutions and their applications in technical settings is called biomimetics and it has been a driving force in many areas of research. Biomimetic approaches at various lev ...
... Every natural organism embodies solutions to a host of ecological problems, found through eons of evolution. The study of these solutions and their applications in technical settings is called biomimetics and it has been a driving force in many areas of research. Biomimetic approaches at various lev ...
Stimulus Dependence of Local Field Potential Spectra: Experiment
... often used in physics, biology, mathematics, and finance to model fluctuations with a power spectrum that decays monotonically with frequency. In fact, the power spectrum of such a process decays as the inverse of the square of the frequency beyond a frequency that is inversely proportional to its t ...
... often used in physics, biology, mathematics, and finance to model fluctuations with a power spectrum that decays monotonically with frequency. In fact, the power spectrum of such a process decays as the inverse of the square of the frequency beyond a frequency that is inversely proportional to its t ...
Vestibular System: The Many Facets of a
... processing of vestibularly driven reflexes. The relative simplicity of the neural circuits that mediate vestibular reflexes have also proven to be well suited for linking systems and cellular levels of analyses. A unique feature of the vestibular system is that many second-order sensory neurons in the ...
... processing of vestibularly driven reflexes. The relative simplicity of the neural circuits that mediate vestibular reflexes have also proven to be well suited for linking systems and cellular levels of analyses. A unique feature of the vestibular system is that many second-order sensory neurons in the ...
Article 5 - Graduate Program in Neuroscience | UBC
... neuronal basis of voluntar y, goal-directed behavior. After investigating the responses of dopamine neurons to primary rewards and reward-predicting stimuli (Schultz, 1998), we aimed to address the question of how information about rewards is integrated into neuronal processes underlying reward-dire ...
... neuronal basis of voluntar y, goal-directed behavior. After investigating the responses of dopamine neurons to primary rewards and reward-predicting stimuli (Schultz, 1998), we aimed to address the question of how information about rewards is integrated into neuronal processes underlying reward-dire ...
Pierre Berthet Computational Modeling of the Basal Ganglia – Functional Pathways
... neocortex, seems to be capable of much more, but some argue that it all comes down to enriching the information that is going to be used to perform a movement, be it planning, fine tuning, estimating the outcome, or even building a better representation of the world in order to compute the best moto ...
... neocortex, seems to be capable of much more, but some argue that it all comes down to enriching the information that is going to be used to perform a movement, be it planning, fine tuning, estimating the outcome, or even building a better representation of the world in order to compute the best moto ...
Functional territories in primate substantia nigra pars reticulata
... However, the chosen motor action (e.g., reach and grasp) must be aimed at a valuable object (e.g., ripe apple). To obtain a reward, an animal must find the valuable object before executing the action (Hikosaka et al. 2013). For primates, the finding process heavily depends on visual information. Amo ...
... However, the chosen motor action (e.g., reach and grasp) must be aimed at a valuable object (e.g., ripe apple). To obtain a reward, an animal must find the valuable object before executing the action (Hikosaka et al. 2013). For primates, the finding process heavily depends on visual information. Amo ...
Efficient coding hypothesis
The efficient coding hypothesis was proposed by Horace Barlow in 1961 as a theoretical model of sensory coding in the brain. Within the brain, neurons often communicate with one another by sending electrical impulses referred to as action potentials or spikes. One goal of sensory neuroscience is to decipher the meaning of these spikes in order to understand how the brain represents and processes information about the outside world. Barlow hypothesized that the spikes in the sensory system formed a neural code for efficiently representing sensory information. By efficient Barlow meant that the code minimized the number of spikes needed to transmit a given signal. This is somewhat analogous to transmitting information across the internet, where different file formats can be used to transmit a given image. Different file formats require different number of bits for representing the same image at given distortion level, and some are better suited for representing certain classes of images than others. According to this model, the brain is thought to use a code which is suited for representing visual and audio information representative of an organism's natural environment.