The schism between Sunni and Shiite Muslims began in the 7th
... Many trace these tensions back to 1979 and the Iranian revolution that installed an Islamic republic in the country, led by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. That movement was threatening to many Sunni powers in the region, not only ...
... Many trace these tensions back to 1979 and the Iranian revolution that installed an Islamic republic in the country, led by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. That movement was threatening to many Sunni powers in the region, not only ...
Sunni and Shi`a: Succession and Imams
... whoever succeeded him would not be another Prophet. However, just as Muhammad had been the spiritual, legal, political and military leader of the community, so all four responsibilities were to rest upon the shoulders of his successors. The Sunni view on succession to Muhammad It is no surprise to u ...
... whoever succeeded him would not be another Prophet. However, just as Muhammad had been the spiritual, legal, political and military leader of the community, so all four responsibilities were to rest upon the shoulders of his successors. The Sunni view on succession to Muhammad It is no surprise to u ...
About GAC Early Warning
... Reason/Rationale for the Warning – This will be posted publicly: (1) The applied for new gTLD is problematic and can raise serious religious conflicts Iran is Muslim country with a population of aprx. 75 million, most of them Shia Muslims. Shia Islam is the second largest denomination of Islam. In c ...
... Reason/Rationale for the Warning – This will be posted publicly: (1) The applied for new gTLD is problematic and can raise serious religious conflicts Iran is Muslim country with a population of aprx. 75 million, most of them Shia Muslims. Shia Islam is the second largest denomination of Islam. In c ...
Book Review of What is to be done: The Enlightened Thinkers and
... or are there other more realistic reasons? For a great power to cease to lead, there must be another force in the making which becomes more qualified to take over the historical cycle. This is what Muslims in our time need to understand. Believing alone will never be sufficient to reach any goals. F ...
... or are there other more realistic reasons? For a great power to cease to lead, there must be another force in the making which becomes more qualified to take over the historical cycle. This is what Muslims in our time need to understand. Believing alone will never be sufficient to reach any goals. F ...
Contesting rituals - Carolina Academic Press
... from the protests by Pakistani immigrants mobilized against Salman Rushdie’s book The Satanic Verses, notes how in the course of these protests the ritualized activities of clubs, societies, and festivals gave women opportunities to play more prominent roles and to issues challenges to the authority ...
... from the protests by Pakistani immigrants mobilized against Salman Rushdie’s book The Satanic Verses, notes how in the course of these protests the ritualized activities of clubs, societies, and festivals gave women opportunities to play more prominent roles and to issues challenges to the authority ...
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science (IOSRJHSS)
... religious influence is necessary in politics of an Islamic society. He constrains the religious government to the votes, and does not recognize a solely clerical religion. His reasoning is that focusing too much on the clerical and organized part of the religion will interrupt his concentration on m ...
... religious influence is necessary in politics of an Islamic society. He constrains the religious government to the votes, and does not recognize a solely clerical religion. His reasoning is that focusing too much on the clerical and organized part of the religion will interrupt his concentration on m ...
Khalsi and his false beliefs
... city or mountain is empty of such graves, lakes, stones and caves. They consider them holy and ask for refuge from them in their needs. History is evident that all these beliefs are memorial of Magi period, which are still remained. Islam has changed their name only not their practice. Iranian peopl ...
... city or mountain is empty of such graves, lakes, stones and caves. They consider them holy and ask for refuge from them in their needs. History is evident that all these beliefs are memorial of Magi period, which are still remained. Islam has changed their name only not their practice. Iranian peopl ...
History - MK2Review
... to improve relations with neighboring countries. Conservatives have won the majority in elections since 2000. They sustain concept of the rule of the jurist, arguing that it represents the dividing line between those loyal to system and those not. Conservatives in government are mostly clerics who s ...
... to improve relations with neighboring countries. Conservatives have won the majority in elections since 2000. They sustain concept of the rule of the jurist, arguing that it represents the dividing line between those loyal to system and those not. Conservatives in government are mostly clerics who s ...
Tales of Persia
... I had there. In several stories the names I give to my Iranian friends are not their real names. Remember that I first went to Iran many years ago, and the conditions in that country as described in some of my stories were then very different from what they are now.Today fine highways have been buil ...
... I had there. In several stories the names I give to my Iranian friends are not their real names. Remember that I first went to Iran many years ago, and the conditions in that country as described in some of my stories were then very different from what they are now.Today fine highways have been buil ...
5 - University of Surrey
... community’s early leadership should have been restricted to the sacred line of Ali and most of them also support the claims of Ali together with all of his eleven direct descendents who are collectively known as the imams. The imams are according to Shia doctrine have certain attributes that only pr ...
... community’s early leadership should have been restricted to the sacred line of Ali and most of them also support the claims of Ali together with all of his eleven direct descendents who are collectively known as the imams. The imams are according to Shia doctrine have certain attributes that only pr ...
CASE STUDIES OF CONTEMPORARY ISLAMIST POLITICAL
... which, as discussed above, are significantly more important to classical Muslim thinkers) merely illustrates this case study’s central point: that Qutb’s political ideology constitutes a “lower[ing]” of classical Muslims’ ideological “sights,” away from all the other means by which individuals might ...
... which, as discussed above, are significantly more important to classical Muslim thinkers) merely illustrates this case study’s central point: that Qutb’s political ideology constitutes a “lower[ing]” of classical Muslims’ ideological “sights,” away from all the other means by which individuals might ...
Global Discourses and Teaching: Islam in World History
... social dynamics of Islam. According to Renard, in “Sufism, emphasizing a direct relationship with God was very effective in regions of the world where people did not speak Arabic as their native [language] such as India, Indonesia, and Swahili/East African Coast” [9]. The majority of the world’s Mus ...
... social dynamics of Islam. According to Renard, in “Sufism, emphasizing a direct relationship with God was very effective in regions of the world where people did not speak Arabic as their native [language] such as India, Indonesia, and Swahili/East African Coast” [9]. The majority of the world’s Mus ...
Saleem Khan
... who was once the Deobandi General Zia ur Haques’s protégé. However, he soon passed the Anti-Terrorism Act of 1997 which was designed to curb sectarianism which had gained considerable ground during the Benazir Bhutto administration. Nawaz Sharif himself become a target of an unsuccessful assassina ...
... who was once the Deobandi General Zia ur Haques’s protégé. However, he soon passed the Anti-Terrorism Act of 1997 which was designed to curb sectarianism which had gained considerable ground during the Benazir Bhutto administration. Nawaz Sharif himself become a target of an unsuccessful assassina ...
Religious Nationalism and Sectarianism in Pakistan
... who was once the Deobandi General Zia ur Haques’s protégé. However, he soon passed the Anti-Terrorism Act of 1997 which was designed to curb sectarianism which had gained considerable ground during the Benazir Bhutto administration. Nawaz Sharif himself become a target of an unsuccessful assassina ...
... who was once the Deobandi General Zia ur Haques’s protégé. However, he soon passed the Anti-Terrorism Act of 1997 which was designed to curb sectarianism which had gained considerable ground during the Benazir Bhutto administration. Nawaz Sharif himself become a target of an unsuccessful assassina ...
Chapter 7: Abbasid Decline and the Spread of Islamic Civilization to
... becomes the court language for administration and Persian literature thrives (ex. Thousand and One Nights), Arabic still used for religion, law & sciences, achievements in math (algebra) & sciences (chemistry and medicine), Mohammad al-Razi’s medical encyclopedia, built on Greek work The Abbasid Emp ...
... becomes the court language for administration and Persian literature thrives (ex. Thousand and One Nights), Arabic still used for religion, law & sciences, achievements in math (algebra) & sciences (chemistry and medicine), Mohammad al-Razi’s medical encyclopedia, built on Greek work The Abbasid Emp ...
CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, NORTHRIDGE ISLAM (RS 365
... the first half of the semester. Islamic intellectual heritage as expressed in Islamic theology, philosophy, and mysticism will be analyzed with special attention to the epistemological sources of Islam. In the second half of the semester, more thematic issues will be studied, including gender relati ...
... the first half of the semester. Islamic intellectual heritage as expressed in Islamic theology, philosophy, and mysticism will be analyzed with special attention to the epistemological sources of Islam. In the second half of the semester, more thematic issues will be studied, including gender relati ...
Section 4
... Muhammad's death created a crisis. In addition to the question of choosing a successor, his followers in Medina had to deal with the potential collapse of the fledgling Islamic state. Many of the desert tribes had converted to Islam only out of a personal sense of loyalty to Muhammad. Such arrangeme ...
... Muhammad's death created a crisis. In addition to the question of choosing a successor, his followers in Medina had to deal with the potential collapse of the fledgling Islamic state. Many of the desert tribes had converted to Islam only out of a personal sense of loyalty to Muhammad. Such arrangeme ...
Ruzgar, Mustafa (doc.) - California State University, Northridge
... the first half of the semester. Islamic intellectual heritage as expressed in Islamic theology, philosophy, and mysticism will be analyzed with special attention to the epistemological sources of Islam. In the second half of the semester, more thematic issues will be studied, including gender relati ...
... the first half of the semester. Islamic intellectual heritage as expressed in Islamic theology, philosophy, and mysticism will be analyzed with special attention to the epistemological sources of Islam. In the second half of the semester, more thematic issues will be studied, including gender relati ...
The Abbasid Caliphate was the third of the Islamic
... The Abbasids moved the empire's capital from Damascus, in modernday Syria, to Baghdad in modernday Iraq, in 762. The Abbasids had depended heavily on the support of Persians in their overthrow of the Umayyads, and the geographic power shift appeased the Persian mawali support base. Abu al'Abbas' ...
... The Abbasids moved the empire's capital from Damascus, in modernday Syria, to Baghdad in modernday Iraq, in 762. The Abbasids had depended heavily on the support of Persians in their overthrow of the Umayyads, and the geographic power shift appeased the Persian mawali support base. Abu al'Abbas' ...
chapter 9 • the worlds of islam: afro
... 2. In what ways might Islamic civilization be described as cosmopolitan, international, or global? • The Islamic civilization embraced at least parts of virtually every other civilization in the AfroEurasian hemisphere. • It fostered a network of commerce and exchange that facilitated the spread of ...
... 2. In what ways might Islamic civilization be described as cosmopolitan, international, or global? • The Islamic civilization embraced at least parts of virtually every other civilization in the AfroEurasian hemisphere. • It fostered a network of commerce and exchange that facilitated the spread of ...
Islam: Sunnis and Shiites - The Investigative Project on Terrorism
... martyrdom of Hussein and the moral lessons to be learned from it, which reinforced Shiite religious traditions and practices. Twelver Shiism. Twelver Shiism - the most common form of Shiism today - is pervasive in Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, and Bahrain. Twelvers accept a line of twelve infallible imams de ...
... martyrdom of Hussein and the moral lessons to be learned from it, which reinforced Shiite religious traditions and practices. Twelver Shiism. Twelver Shiism - the most common form of Shiism today - is pervasive in Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, and Bahrain. Twelvers accept a line of twelve infallible imams de ...
Islam: Sunnis and Shiites - The University of Maryland Francis King
... martyrdom of Hussein and the moral lessons to be learned from it, which reinforced Shiite religious traditions and practices. Twelver Shiism. Twelver Shiism - the most common form of Shiism today - is pervasive in Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, and Bahrain. Twelvers accept a line of twelve infallible imams de ...
... martyrdom of Hussein and the moral lessons to be learned from it, which reinforced Shiite religious traditions and practices. Twelver Shiism. Twelver Shiism - the most common form of Shiism today - is pervasive in Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, and Bahrain. Twelvers accept a line of twelve infallible imams de ...
Islam and Family Planning
... schools of jurisprudence consider the Quran and the Prophet’s tradition (Sunnah) as their primary sources. They differ only in relation to some interpretations, the validity of other sources of jurisprudence, and the methods of formulating a ruling. Muslims are mainly divided into Sunni and Shi’a. T ...
... schools of jurisprudence consider the Quran and the Prophet’s tradition (Sunnah) as their primary sources. They differ only in relation to some interpretations, the validity of other sources of jurisprudence, and the methods of formulating a ruling. Muslims are mainly divided into Sunni and Shi’a. T ...
55 ISLAMIC MOVEMENT, STRUGGLES FOR POWER AND
... between the Muslims, and the non Muslims. The believed was that it was this document that made Prophet Muhammad the ruler, and also recognized him as the Prophet of Allah. The laws were based on the revelations of the Quran and his actions (Sunnah) are considered by the Muslims to be Sharia or Islam ...
... between the Muslims, and the non Muslims. The believed was that it was this document that made Prophet Muhammad the ruler, and also recognized him as the Prophet of Allah. The laws were based on the revelations of the Quran and his actions (Sunnah) are considered by the Muslims to be Sharia or Islam ...
WHAP Student Copy The Safavid and the Mughal
... 17th centuriesMuslims who ruled a country with a large Hindu majority B. But Muslims in India before MughalsMuslims arrived in 8th centuryAnd Delhi Sultanate established at end of 12th century C. Mughal Empire grew out of descendants of the _______ Empire who were living in Turkestan in the 15th ...
... 17th centuriesMuslims who ruled a country with a large Hindu majority B. But Muslims in India before MughalsMuslims arrived in 8th centuryAnd Delhi Sultanate established at end of 12th century C. Mughal Empire grew out of descendants of the _______ Empire who were living in Turkestan in the 15th ...
Islam in Iran
The Islamic conquest of Persia (637–651) led to the end of the Sassanid Empire and the eventual decline of the Zoroastrian religion in Persia. However, the achievements of the previous Persian civilizations were not lost, but were to a great extent absorbed by the new Islamic polity. Islam has been the official religion of Iran since then, except short duration after Mongol raid and establishment of Ilkhanate. Iran became an Islamic republic after the Islamic Revolution of 1979.Before the Islamic conquest, the Persians had been mainly Zoroastrian, however, there were also large and thriving Christian and Jewish communities, especially in the territories of at that time northwestern, western, and southern Iran, mainly Caucasian Albania, Asorestan, Persian Armenia, and Caucasian Iberia. Eastern Sassanian Iran, what is now solely composed of Afghanistan and Central Asia, was predominantly Buddhist. There was a slow but steady movement of the population toward Islam. When Islam was introduced to Iranians, the nobility and city-dwellers were the first to convert, Islam spread more slowly among the peasantry and the dihqans, or landed gentry. By the late 11th century, the majority of Persians had become Muslim, at least nominally.Islam is the religion of 99.4% of Iranians. 90-95% of Iranians are Shi'a and 5-10% are Sunni. Most Sunnis in Iran are Larestani people (from Larestan), Turkomen, Baluchs, and Kurds living in the south, southeast, northeast and northwest. Almost all of Iranian Shi'as are Twelvers.Though Iran is known today as a stronghold of the Shi'a Muslim faith, it did not become so until much later, around the 15th century. The Safavid dynasty made Shi'a Islam the official state religion in the early sixteenth century and aggressively proselytized on its behalf. It is also believed that by the mid-seventeenth century most people in Iran and the territory of the contemporary neighboring Republic of Azerbaijan had become Shi'as, an affiliation that has continued. Over the following centuries, with the state-fostered rise of a Persian-based Shi'ite clergy, a synthesis was formed between Persian culture and Shi'ite Islam that marked each indelibly with the tincture of the other.