nuclear hormone receptors enable macrophages and dendritic cells
... system: once they differentiate into macrophages and inflammatory DCs, they are either attracted to inflammatory sites or survey the tissues for foreign/accumulated molecules and pathogens to engulf. In response to inflammatory stimuli, monocytes are rapidly recruited to the sites of inflammation wh ...
... system: once they differentiate into macrophages and inflammatory DCs, they are either attracted to inflammatory sites or survey the tissues for foreign/accumulated molecules and pathogens to engulf. In response to inflammatory stimuli, monocytes are rapidly recruited to the sites of inflammation wh ...
Contact dermatitis: clinics and pathology
... The dendritic epidermal Langerhans cell (Lc) The epidermal Langerhans cell derives from the bone marrow and is a temporary resident dendritic cell of the epidermis. It is situated over the basal cells in normal skin but can increase in number and migrate closer to the surface in inflammatory reactio ...
... The dendritic epidermal Langerhans cell (Lc) The epidermal Langerhans cell derives from the bone marrow and is a temporary resident dendritic cell of the epidermis. It is situated over the basal cells in normal skin but can increase in number and migrate closer to the surface in inflammatory reactio ...
glucuronidation of opioids, carboxylic acid
... in the endoplasmic reticulum and participate in the metabolic elimination of many endogenous compounds and xenobiotics (1). Compounds with a wide variety of chemical moieties, such as amines, hydroxylated compounds, and carboxylic acids, are substrates for UGT isoforms. UGTs that are members of the ...
... in the endoplasmic reticulum and participate in the metabolic elimination of many endogenous compounds and xenobiotics (1). Compounds with a wide variety of chemical moieties, such as amines, hydroxylated compounds, and carboxylic acids, are substrates for UGT isoforms. UGTs that are members of the ...
An integrated model of the recognition of Candida albicans by the
... suggests that β-glucans are exposed on the cell surface35, although possibly restricted to specific regions, such as bud scars11. β‑glucans can stimulate leukocytes in vitro, which induces cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities as well as the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, cytokines and c ...
... suggests that β-glucans are exposed on the cell surface35, although possibly restricted to specific regions, such as bud scars11. β‑glucans can stimulate leukocytes in vitro, which induces cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities as well as the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, cytokines and c ...
Molecular and functional characterization of the immunoreceptors CD300d and CD300f
... Formerly, it was though that innate immunity recognized infective microbial in a nonspecifically manner; however, in the mid-1990s it was proved the existence of specific receptors that have evolved to detect components of foreign pathogens. Those receptors were called pattern recognition receptors ...
... Formerly, it was though that innate immunity recognized infective microbial in a nonspecifically manner; however, in the mid-1990s it was proved the existence of specific receptors that have evolved to detect components of foreign pathogens. Those receptors were called pattern recognition receptors ...
Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural localization of leptin and
... macrophages (Fig. 5E and F). Macrophages were characterized by typical primary and secondary lysosomes, a welldeveloped Golgi complex, small amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum, elongated mitochondria, and microvilli. DISCUSSION ...
... macrophages (Fig. 5E and F). Macrophages were characterized by typical primary and secondary lysosomes, a welldeveloped Golgi complex, small amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum, elongated mitochondria, and microvilli. DISCUSSION ...
MONOCYTE AND MACROPHAGE HETEROGENEITY
... sites4, where differentiation into macrophages and DCs occurs, contributing to host defence, and tissue remodelling and repair. Studies of the mononuclear-phagocyte system, using monoclonal antibodies specific for various cell-surface receptors and differentiation antigens, have shown that there is ...
... sites4, where differentiation into macrophages and DCs occurs, contributing to host defence, and tissue remodelling and repair. Studies of the mononuclear-phagocyte system, using monoclonal antibodies specific for various cell-surface receptors and differentiation antigens, have shown that there is ...
Review Prostaglandins in non-insectan invertebrates: recent
... contraction or relaxation. This is of particular importance in parturition where PGF2α is an activator of myometrial contraction and cervical ripening (Johnson and Everitt, 2000). In the kidney PGs, including PGE2 and PGI2, modulate haemodynamics as a result of their vasodilatory activity and also h ...
... contraction or relaxation. This is of particular importance in parturition where PGF2α is an activator of myometrial contraction and cervical ripening (Johnson and Everitt, 2000). In the kidney PGs, including PGE2 and PGI2, modulate haemodynamics as a result of their vasodilatory activity and also h ...
Fatty acids and lymphocyte functions
... lipoproteins) to lymphocytes in culture can be used; these studies use conditions which are highly controlled, although they are often rather unphysiological in nature. For example, the cells are cultured in isolation from the other types of cells with which they would come into contact in the body ...
... lipoproteins) to lymphocytes in culture can be used; these studies use conditions which are highly controlled, although they are often rather unphysiological in nature. For example, the cells are cultured in isolation from the other types of cells with which they would come into contact in the body ...
Bioassay-Validated Recombinant Cytokines
... Mouse FGF-basic Other names: Fibroblast growth factor 2, Fgf-2, Fgfb, bFGF FGF-basic (FGFb) is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family which includes 23 members. It is also known as fibroblast growth factor 2, Fgf-2, Fgfb, and bFGF. FGFb is expressed in almost all tissues and plays an ...
... Mouse FGF-basic Other names: Fibroblast growth factor 2, Fgf-2, Fgfb, bFGF FGF-basic (FGFb) is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family which includes 23 members. It is also known as fibroblast growth factor 2, Fgf-2, Fgfb, and bFGF. FGFb is expressed in almost all tissues and plays an ...
LIPID CHEMISTRY
... What are the groups of polyunsaturated fatty acids? • Polyunsaturated fatty acids are grouped into Three series or families based on the Omega nomenclature. The groups are: 9 or n-9 series: • Fatty acids in which the first double bond is between C9 and C10 counting from the -carbon; • Examples: ...
... What are the groups of polyunsaturated fatty acids? • Polyunsaturated fatty acids are grouped into Three series or families based on the Omega nomenclature. The groups are: 9 or n-9 series: • Fatty acids in which the first double bond is between C9 and C10 counting from the -carbon; • Examples: ...
Characterization of amoxicillin‐and clavulanic acid‐specific T cells
... Munir Pirmohamed,1,4 B. Kevin Park,1 and Dean J. Naisbitt1 Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) frequently has a delayed onset with several human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotypes affecting susceptibility, indicating a potential role for the adaptive immune system in the disease. The aim of this study w ...
... Munir Pirmohamed,1,4 B. Kevin Park,1 and Dean J. Naisbitt1 Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) frequently has a delayed onset with several human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotypes affecting susceptibility, indicating a potential role for the adaptive immune system in the disease. The aim of this study w ...
Inhibitory receptors on myeloid cells: New targets for therapy?
... In 1998, Lanier first set the term “inhibitory receptor superfamily” in his description of receptors that suppress activation of natural killer (NK) cells (Lanier, 1998). The “classical” view of inhibitory receptors is that these receptors inhibit cell activation in trans, contain immunoreceptor tyro ...
... In 1998, Lanier first set the term “inhibitory receptor superfamily” in his description of receptors that suppress activation of natural killer (NK) cells (Lanier, 1998). The “classical” view of inhibitory receptors is that these receptors inhibit cell activation in trans, contain immunoreceptor tyro ...
Growth Hormone Synthesized and Secreted by Human Thymocytes
... To evaluate the physiological role of GH on human thymocytes, various dosesof human GH (NIDDK hGH I-3) were incubated with human thymocytes, which enhanced proliferation, as demonstrated by a significant (P < 0.01) increase in thymidine incorporation (Fig. 5). A biphasic dose-responsecurve was produ ...
... To evaluate the physiological role of GH on human thymocytes, various dosesof human GH (NIDDK hGH I-3) were incubated with human thymocytes, which enhanced proliferation, as demonstrated by a significant (P < 0.01) increase in thymidine incorporation (Fig. 5). A biphasic dose-responsecurve was produ ...
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... occurs at sites of inflammation, infection, or injury. In addition, large amounts of ATP are readily released into the extracellular space from damaged cells at such sites. Thus, it is assumed that the ATP/P2X7 receptor pathway regulates the inflammatory response under acidic extracellular condition ...
... occurs at sites of inflammation, infection, or injury. In addition, large amounts of ATP are readily released into the extracellular space from damaged cells at such sites. Thus, it is assumed that the ATP/P2X7 receptor pathway regulates the inflammatory response under acidic extracellular condition ...
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... of transplantation and 6 weeks post-transplant () is similar to that of control early human precursors transplanted in absence of alloreactive human PBMC (). The growth curve (right) of transplants originating from 14-week-old human fetuses demonstrates halted growth () when the latter are transp ...
... of transplantation and 6 weeks post-transplant () is similar to that of control early human precursors transplanted in absence of alloreactive human PBMC (). The growth curve (right) of transplants originating from 14-week-old human fetuses demonstrates halted growth () when the latter are transp ...
Peroxyl free radicals: potential mediators of tumor initiation and
... to epoxidize BP-7,8-diol (39). Cellular lipid peroxidation is often associated with toxicity but as noted above there appears to be no increase in cell death during the course of the incubations of the epidermal cells. If these results can be extrapolated to mouse skin in vivo they suggest that pero ...
... to epoxidize BP-7,8-diol (39). Cellular lipid peroxidation is often associated with toxicity but as noted above there appears to be no increase in cell death during the course of the incubations of the epidermal cells. If these results can be extrapolated to mouse skin in vivo they suggest that pero ...
Skin Immunity to Candida albicans
... naturally colonizes the skin, genital, and/or intestinal mucosa in up to 70% of healthy individuals [1]. Under normal circumstances, the fungus does not cause disease but the absence of appropriate immune recognition and response mechanisms can lead to the inability to control C. albicans colonizati ...
... naturally colonizes the skin, genital, and/or intestinal mucosa in up to 70% of healthy individuals [1]. Under normal circumstances, the fungus does not cause disease but the absence of appropriate immune recognition and response mechanisms can lead to the inability to control C. albicans colonizati ...
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Protein
... Analyses of EGF receptor levels by using Rl anti-EGF receptor serum indicated that the 1483 cells expressed 5-fold more receptor than did the 183A cells. EGF receptors isolated from each cell line were active for kinase activity in an immune complex kinase assay, using monoclonal Rl anti-EGF recepto ...
... Analyses of EGF receptor levels by using Rl anti-EGF receptor serum indicated that the 1483 cells expressed 5-fold more receptor than did the 183A cells. EGF receptors isolated from each cell line were active for kinase activity in an immune complex kinase assay, using monoclonal Rl anti-EGF recepto ...
Oncology Animal Models - Charles River Laboratories
... (hemizygous) Origin: At the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, a hybrid construct containing H-2Kb (MHC Class I antigen) 5’ promotor sequences fused to the early region of the SV40 mutant tsA58, which encodes both the large and small SV40 tumor antigens, was microinjected into fertilized oocytes ...
... (hemizygous) Origin: At the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, a hybrid construct containing H-2Kb (MHC Class I antigen) 5’ promotor sequences fused to the early region of the SV40 mutant tsA58, which encodes both the large and small SV40 tumor antigens, was microinjected into fertilized oocytes ...
Signaling Complexes Human IgG and Formation of Inflammatory
... 13) and ulcerative colitis (14), as well as resistance to Gramnegative bacterial infection (15) and to the outcome of therapeutic Ab treatment in lymphoma (16). The most extensively studied polymorphism is the high-responder/low-responder (HR/LR) polymorphism, alleles of which code either arginine ( ...
... 13) and ulcerative colitis (14), as well as resistance to Gramnegative bacterial infection (15) and to the outcome of therapeutic Ab treatment in lymphoma (16). The most extensively studied polymorphism is the high-responder/low-responder (HR/LR) polymorphism, alleles of which code either arginine ( ...
Bacterial short chain fatty acid metabolites modulate the
... Short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) impair the killing of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in vivo. The exudate collected after 4 (a) or 24 hr (b) of A. actinomycetemcomitans inoculation in the chamber was diluted and plated in brain heart infusion chocolate agar. Bacterial colonies were counted, a ...
... Short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) impair the killing of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in vivo. The exudate collected after 4 (a) or 24 hr (b) of A. actinomycetemcomitans inoculation in the chamber was diluted and plated in brain heart infusion chocolate agar. Bacterial colonies were counted, a ...
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... Using a mouse model, a recent study showed that the increased expression of the thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) receptor (TSLPR) on DCs plays a key role in triggering an allergic response to nickel [41]. In this mouse model of nickel allergy, DCs in ear tissues were activated via TSLPR signaling ...
... Using a mouse model, a recent study showed that the increased expression of the thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) receptor (TSLPR) on DCs plays a key role in triggering an allergic response to nickel [41]. In this mouse model of nickel allergy, DCs in ear tissues were activated via TSLPR signaling ...
Vascular Adhesion Molecules in Atherosclerosis
... NAD(P)H, and xanthine oxidase have been implicated in the generation of oxLDL.51 Circulating and especially tissueretained oxLDL52 affects the inflammatory status of the endothelium. oxLDL and mmLDL but not native LDL induce P-selectin expression and monocyte adhesion to activated endothelium.53,54 ...
... NAD(P)H, and xanthine oxidase have been implicated in the generation of oxLDL.51 Circulating and especially tissueretained oxLDL52 affects the inflammatory status of the endothelium. oxLDL and mmLDL but not native LDL induce P-selectin expression and monocyte adhesion to activated endothelium.53,54 ...
12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid
12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) is a derivative of the 20 carbon polyunsaturated fatty acid, arachidonic acid, containing a Hydroxyl residue at carbon 12 and a 5Z,8Z,10E,14Z Cis–trans isomerism configuration (Z=cis, E=trans) in its four double bonds. It was first found as a product of arachidonic acid metabolism made by human and bovine platelets. However, the term 12-HETE is ambiquous in that it has been used to indicate not only the initially detected ""S"" stereoisomer, 12(S)-hydroxy-5Z,8Z,10E,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid (12(S)-HETE or 12S-HETE), made by platelets, but also the later detected R stereoisomer, 12(R)-hydroxy-5Z,8Z,10E,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid (12(R)-HETE or 12R-HETE) made by other tissues. The two isomers, either directly or after being further metabolized, have been suggested to be involved in a variety of human physiological and pathological reactions. Unlike hormones which are secreted by cells, travel in the circulation to alter the behavior of distant cells, and thereby act as Endocrine signalling agents, these arachidonic acid metabolites act locally as Autocrine signalling agents to regulate the behavior of their cells of origin or as Paracrine signalling agents to regulate the function of nearby cells. In these roles, they may amplify or dampen, expand or contract cellular and tissue responses to disturbances.