Pavlovian Contingencies and Temporal Information
... Apparatus. The experimental chambers were six standard Lehigh Valley Electronics (Laurel, MD) pigeon conditioning chambers. Each chamber was 30 cm long, 34 cm wide, and 34 cm high. An aluminum wall of the chamber had three response keys, each 2.5 cm in diameter and mounted 25 cm above a mesh floor. ...
... Apparatus. The experimental chambers were six standard Lehigh Valley Electronics (Laurel, MD) pigeon conditioning chambers. Each chamber was 30 cm long, 34 cm wide, and 34 cm high. An aluminum wall of the chamber had three response keys, each 2.5 cm in diameter and mounted 25 cm above a mesh floor. ...
Temporal integration in Pavlovian appetitive conditioning in rats
... received six AX trials in each daily 60-min session. In Group Early, CS X onset 5 sec after the onset of CS A, whereas in Group Late, CS X onset 45 sec after the onset of CS A. Trials were presented with a discrete uniform distribution from 2 to 8 min in steps of 1 min. No sucrose or other nominal s ...
... received six AX trials in each daily 60-min session. In Group Early, CS X onset 5 sec after the onset of CS A, whereas in Group Late, CS X onset 45 sec after the onset of CS A. Trials were presented with a discrete uniform distribution from 2 to 8 min in steps of 1 min. No sucrose or other nominal s ...
Structural Predictors of Tie Formation in Twitter
... figure 1: A is connected to B, B is connected to A, or A and B are mutually connected. The fourth state, not shown, is the absence of a tie between A and B. If A has a directed tie to B and B does not have such a tie to A, we might say B has a power or status advantage over A, since B is more import ...
... figure 1: A is connected to B, B is connected to A, or A and B are mutually connected. The fourth state, not shown, is the absence of a tie between A and B. If A has a directed tie to B and B does not have such a tie to A, we might say B has a power or status advantage over A, since B is more import ...
NIH Public Access - Rutgers University Department of Psychology
... Physiological set-up, assessment and behavioral analysis—Skin conductance response (SCR) was acquired and analyzed as described in Experiment I. In addition, a Grass Instruments stimulator was used to administer mild shocks to participants during the second part. The stimulator was shielded for magn ...
... Physiological set-up, assessment and behavioral analysis—Skin conductance response (SCR) was acquired and analyzed as described in Experiment I. In addition, a Grass Instruments stimulator was used to administer mild shocks to participants during the second part. The stimulator was shielded for magn ...
ch.12 monday
... Philip G. Zimbardo Phil Zimbardo (b.1933) grew up in an immigrant family in a poor neighborhood in the South Bronx, an experience that sensitized him to the power of situational influences and the destructive nature of stereotypes and prejudice (Zimbardo, 2005, 2007). Much of Zimbardo’s research ha ...
... Philip G. Zimbardo Phil Zimbardo (b.1933) grew up in an immigrant family in a poor neighborhood in the South Bronx, an experience that sensitized him to the power of situational influences and the destructive nature of stereotypes and prejudice (Zimbardo, 2005, 2007). Much of Zimbardo’s research ha ...
as a PDF
... crowding (Burger, Oakman, & Bullard, 1983), and achievement behavior (Burger, 1985). Recently, Burger (1985) proposed a four-step model outlining the relationship between desire for control and achievement behavior. People with high desire for control were found to have a higher aspiration level, to ...
... crowding (Burger, Oakman, & Bullard, 1983), and achievement behavior (Burger, 1985). Recently, Burger (1985) proposed a four-step model outlining the relationship between desire for control and achievement behavior. People with high desire for control were found to have a higher aspiration level, to ...
Latent inhibition as a function of US intensity in a two
... could be thought that the intensity of the US presented during conditioning should not affect the magnitude of this phenomenon. Nevertheless, LI reflects a balance between what the subject learns about the CS during both preexposure and conditioning. The impact of that learnt during conditioning mig ...
... could be thought that the intensity of the US presented during conditioning should not affect the magnitude of this phenomenon. Nevertheless, LI reflects a balance between what the subject learns about the CS during both preexposure and conditioning. The impact of that learnt during conditioning mig ...
The Embodied Cognition of Resilience
... information. However, this was only the case when participants did not expect to justify their decisions later. Consistent with numerous prior studies, Tetlock (1983) demonstrates the primacy effect, which states that information presented early on in a sequence has more influence on final judgments ...
... information. However, this was only the case when participants did not expect to justify their decisions later. Consistent with numerous prior studies, Tetlock (1983) demonstrates the primacy effect, which states that information presented early on in a sequence has more influence on final judgments ...
Associative foundation of causal learning in rats
... will control exogenous events. Causal learning facilitates successful interactions with the environment, such as throwing a switch to illuminate a dark room or pressing a lever to receive food. Actions are commonly viewed as causes of contingent consequences (i.e., outcomes). Provided that there is ...
... will control exogenous events. Causal learning facilitates successful interactions with the environment, such as throwing a switch to illuminate a dark room or pressing a lever to receive food. Actions are commonly viewed as causes of contingent consequences (i.e., outcomes). Provided that there is ...
Choice-induced preferences in the absence of choice: Evidence
... We used novel Skittles" candies as stimuli. Monkeys were run in a within-subjects design, with three different Skittles colors used in each condition. Each condition consisted of a trial in which the monkey either had a choice or did not have a choice (Phase 1) and ten test trials (Phase 2). In Phas ...
... We used novel Skittles" candies as stimuli. Monkeys were run in a within-subjects design, with three different Skittles colors used in each condition. Each condition consisted of a trial in which the monkey either had a choice or did not have a choice (Phase 1) and ten test trials (Phase 2). In Phas ...
Social psychology
... Directive leadership Lack of norms requiring methodical procedures • Homogeneity of members’ social background and ideology • High stress from external threats with low hope of a better solution than that of the group leader Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 ...
... Directive leadership Lack of norms requiring methodical procedures • Homogeneity of members’ social background and ideology • High stress from external threats with low hope of a better solution than that of the group leader Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 ...
Zimbardo14
... believe that the he or she was taking part in an experiment with between one and five other students (over an intercom) The student then heard what sounded like another student having a seizure and gasping for help The researchers timed how long it would take the students to ask for help ...
... believe that the he or she was taking part in an experiment with between one and five other students (over an intercom) The student then heard what sounded like another student having a seizure and gasping for help The researchers timed how long it would take the students to ask for help ...
Test Taking: A Research Proposal to Examine the Pressures to
... feel anxious and pressured to hand in their test when they see others doing so. Perhaps putting time limits on when students are allowed to hand in their exams could be used to reduce this feeling of pressure. Another implication is how large a role one’s level of SM plays in that individual’s socia ...
... feel anxious and pressured to hand in their test when they see others doing so. Perhaps putting time limits on when students are allowed to hand in their exams could be used to reduce this feeling of pressure. Another implication is how large a role one’s level of SM plays in that individual’s socia ...
Klodiana Rafti
... and the learning that made it possible. The term learning is a scientific construct based on observations of behavior in repeated situations (Peterson, 1975). Accordingly, Ellis (1999) defines learning as the means through which we acquire skills, and knowledge as well as values, attitudes, and emot ...
... and the learning that made it possible. The term learning is a scientific construct based on observations of behavior in repeated situations (Peterson, 1975). Accordingly, Ellis (1999) defines learning as the means through which we acquire skills, and knowledge as well as values, attitudes, and emot ...
Using Cognitive Dissonance to Encourage Water Conservation
... 2 X 2 factorial design, they induced feelings of hypocrisy regarding condom use. All subjects wrote pro-attitudinal speeches advocating condom use during all sexual encounters. Then, half the subjects simply rehearsed the arguments of the speech. The rest videotaped their prepared speeches, which th ...
... 2 X 2 factorial design, they induced feelings of hypocrisy regarding condom use. All subjects wrote pro-attitudinal speeches advocating condom use during all sexual encounters. Then, half the subjects simply rehearsed the arguments of the speech. The rest videotaped their prepared speeches, which th ...
Figures not included
... – Controversial landmark experiment – “I was just following orders” • Milgram found that 65% of the men administered all 30 levels of the shock, even though they displayed considerable distress at shocking the learner. ...
... – Controversial landmark experiment – “I was just following orders” • Milgram found that 65% of the men administered all 30 levels of the shock, even though they displayed considerable distress at shocking the learner. ...
DEFAULTS AND (DIS) - 2.rotman.utoronto.ca
... In the following we present all paid-round results. First, as can be seen in Figure 1A, an ANOVA revealed a highly significant effect of condition on biased error rate and thus, amount of cheating for higher pay. Individuals cheated most in the Omission-condition, which required the least amount of ...
... In the following we present all paid-round results. First, as can be seen in Figure 1A, an ANOVA revealed a highly significant effect of condition on biased error rate and thus, amount of cheating for higher pay. Individuals cheated most in the Omission-condition, which required the least amount of ...
Operant Conditioning and its Application to Instructional Design
... tasks; however, there is a difference regarding the reinforcement schedule. In shaping, reinforcement is delivered all throughout the steps, whereas with chaining the reinforcement is not delivered until the end and the learner can demonstrate the task in its entirety (Driscoll, 1994). Discriminatio ...
... tasks; however, there is a difference regarding the reinforcement schedule. In shaping, reinforcement is delivered all throughout the steps, whereas with chaining the reinforcement is not delivered until the end and the learner can demonstrate the task in its entirety (Driscoll, 1994). Discriminatio ...
and the Shuttle Box Experiment The Shuttle Box
... Dog placed in one compartment of a shuttle box After a time, light in the compartment that dog was in went off, while other light stayed on 10 seconds later, the dog received a shock through the floor until jumped over barrier Measured response latency (how long it took dog to jump over barrier once ...
... Dog placed in one compartment of a shuttle box After a time, light in the compartment that dog was in went off, while other light stayed on 10 seconds later, the dog received a shock through the floor until jumped over barrier Measured response latency (how long it took dog to jump over barrier once ...
Attention and Resistance To Extinction
... exposures of comparable neutral stimuli at speeds permitting correct verbal report. hypotheses. ...
... exposures of comparable neutral stimuli at speeds permitting correct verbal report. hypotheses. ...
UNIT 2: Social Psychology
... A key ingredient of the Chinese ―thought-control‖ program was its effective use of the foot-in-the-door phenomenon—a tendency for people who agree to a small action to comply later with a larger one. The Chinese began with harmless requests but gradually escalated their demands (Schein, 1956). Havin ...
... A key ingredient of the Chinese ―thought-control‖ program was its effective use of the foot-in-the-door phenomenon—a tendency for people who agree to a small action to comply later with a larger one. The Chinese began with harmless requests but gradually escalated their demands (Schein, 1956). Havin ...
Do Amnesics Exhibit Cognitive Dissonance
... of behavior-induced attitude change. Festinger’s (1957) theory of cognitive dissonance posits that when a person’s actions and attitudes are discrepant, physiological arousal results, leading to psychological discomfort, which in turn motivates the person to restore harmony between his or her attitu ...
... of behavior-induced attitude change. Festinger’s (1957) theory of cognitive dissonance posits that when a person’s actions and attitudes are discrepant, physiological arousal results, leading to psychological discomfort, which in turn motivates the person to restore harmony between his or her attitu ...
Social Pyschology: How Others Affect Us
... alone in separate rooms for an extended time period. All five were miserable. One bailed out after only 20 minutes, and three lasted only 2 days. The lone holdout, who reported feeling extremely anxious, made it to 8 days. More systematic research shows that the threat of social isolation can lead u ...
... alone in separate rooms for an extended time period. All five were miserable. One bailed out after only 20 minutes, and three lasted only 2 days. The lone holdout, who reported feeling extremely anxious, made it to 8 days. More systematic research shows that the threat of social isolation can lead u ...
Evidence For Terror Management Theory: I. The
... subjects the materials to return to the experimenter at their convenience, the materials were distributed and collected during the class period. Second, the cover story was somewhat more general. The expressed purpose of the study was to investigate how personality variables and attitudes affect peo ...
... subjects the materials to return to the experimenter at their convenience, the materials were distributed and collected during the class period. Second, the cover story was somewhat more general. The expressed purpose of the study was to investigate how personality variables and attitudes affect peo ...
Milgram experiment
The Milgram experiment on obedience to authority figures was a series of social psychology experiments conducted by Yale University psychologist Stanley Milgram. They measured the willingness of study participants to obey an authority figure who instructed them to perform acts conflicting with their personal conscience. Milgram first described his research in 1963 in an article published in the Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology and later discussed his findings in greater depth in his 1974 book, Obedience to Authority: An Experimental View.The experiments began in July 1961, in the basement of Linsly-Chittenden Hall at Yale University, three months after the start of the trial of German Nazi war criminal Adolf Eichmann in Jerusalem. Milgram devised his psychological study to answer the popular question at that particular time: ""Could it be that Eichmann and his million accomplices in the Holocaust were just following orders? Could we call them all accomplices?"" The experiments have been repeated many times in the following years with consistent results within differing societies, although not with the same percentages around the globe.