methane: the “other” greenhouse gas
... material; methane is another and is the focus of today’s lesson. Methane is produced during anaerobic decomposition. Anaerobic means decomposition that occurs without the presence of oxygen. Microbes (decomposers that break down dead plants and animals) metabolize the organic material and release me ...
... material; methane is another and is the focus of today’s lesson. Methane is produced during anaerobic decomposition. Anaerobic means decomposition that occurs without the presence of oxygen. Microbes (decomposers that break down dead plants and animals) metabolize the organic material and release me ...
MASTER THESIS`S 2010
... development of temperature, humidity and solar radiation. There is an increase in mean O 3 concentrations over large parts of the world. Emissions from combustion of fossil fuel and biomass are expected to result in approximately a doubling of the global mean tropospheric ozone concentration during ...
... development of temperature, humidity and solar radiation. There is an increase in mean O 3 concentrations over large parts of the world. Emissions from combustion of fossil fuel and biomass are expected to result in approximately a doubling of the global mean tropospheric ozone concentration during ...
Thesis Statement
... substances, and the problems of excessive focus on long-term targets. The results of the stabilization analysis suggest that methane reduction will be especially valuable because of its importance in low-cost mitigation policies that are effective on timescales up to three centuries. Therefore in th ...
... substances, and the problems of excessive focus on long-term targets. The results of the stabilization analysis suggest that methane reduction will be especially valuable because of its importance in low-cost mitigation policies that are effective on timescales up to three centuries. Therefore in th ...
On the Economics of Happiness and Climate Change Filka Sekulova
... countries with a comparable level of per capita income. In the chapter the happiness impact of various degrees of floods and their distribution over time is tested in series of statistical regressions. Attention is also paid to the factors which could explain the relatively low subjective well-being ...
... countries with a comparable level of per capita income. In the chapter the happiness impact of various degrees of floods and their distribution over time is tested in series of statistical regressions. Attention is also paid to the factors which could explain the relatively low subjective well-being ...
Review of Current and Planned Adaptation Action: Central America
... abundantly, from the Pacific coast, where the year is split into a dry and wet season (CCAD and SICA, 2010). In Mexico, rainfall is lower in its temperate northern regions (SEMARNAT, 2010). Inter-annual climate variability is highly influenced by movement of the ITCZ and the El Niño Southern Oscilla ...
... abundantly, from the Pacific coast, where the year is split into a dry and wet season (CCAD and SICA, 2010). In Mexico, rainfall is lower in its temperate northern regions (SEMARNAT, 2010). Inter-annual climate variability is highly influenced by movement of the ITCZ and the El Niño Southern Oscilla ...
Vulnerability - Adaptación al cambio climático para el desarrollo
... capacity to recover from extreme events and adapt to change over the longer term’’. The third dimension, external assistance, is defined as ‘‘the degree to which a region may be assisted in its attempts to adapt to change through its allies and trading partners, diasporic communities in other regions ...
... capacity to recover from extreme events and adapt to change over the longer term’’. The third dimension, external assistance, is defined as ‘‘the degree to which a region may be assisted in its attempts to adapt to change through its allies and trading partners, diasporic communities in other regions ...
Scoping study: Modelling the interaction between mitigation and adaptation
... presents insurmountable challenges to adaptation in the longer term. These include the potential risks of extreme or catastrophic events (e.g. global or regional discontinuities), that have recently come to the fore in the literature on tipping points (Schellnhuber et al, 2005) or tipping extremes1 ...
... presents insurmountable challenges to adaptation in the longer term. These include the potential risks of extreme or catastrophic events (e.g. global or regional discontinuities), that have recently come to the fore in the literature on tipping points (Schellnhuber et al, 2005) or tipping extremes1 ...
The Glaciers of the Hindu Kush-Himalayan Region
... Precipitation and basin runoff generally decrease from the east to west as a direct result of the weakening of the summer monsoon as it moves westward along the Himalayan range. In the east, summer monsoon precipitation dominates, while in the west, westerly circulation and cyclonic storms contribut ...
... Precipitation and basin runoff generally decrease from the east to west as a direct result of the weakening of the summer monsoon as it moves westward along the Himalayan range. In the east, summer monsoon precipitation dominates, while in the west, westerly circulation and cyclonic storms contribut ...
The Glaciers of the Hindu Kush-Himalayan Region
... Precipitation and basin runoff generally decrease from the east to west as a direct result of the weakening of the summer monsoon as it moves westward along the Himalayan range. In the east, summer monsoon precipitation dominates, while in the west, westerly circulation and cyclonic storms contribut ...
... Precipitation and basin runoff generally decrease from the east to west as a direct result of the weakening of the summer monsoon as it moves westward along the Himalayan range. In the east, summer monsoon precipitation dominates, while in the west, westerly circulation and cyclonic storms contribut ...
An Analysis of Adaptation as a Response to Climate Change
... might be substantial if no immediate global action is undertaken. Even if all radiative forcing agents were held constant at the 2000 level, a further warming would be observed due to the inertia of oceans (IPCC, 2007). According to the main IPCC scenarios, world-average temperature is likely to inc ...
... might be substantial if no immediate global action is undertaken. Even if all radiative forcing agents were held constant at the 2000 level, a further warming would be observed due to the inertia of oceans (IPCC, 2007). According to the main IPCC scenarios, world-average temperature is likely to inc ...
Gunnison Basin Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment
... Climate change is already changing ecosystems and affecting people in the southwestern United States. Rising temperatures have contributed to large-scale ecological impacts, affecting plants, animals, as well as ecosystem services, e.g., water supply. The climate of the Gunnison Basin, Colorado, is ...
... Climate change is already changing ecosystems and affecting people in the southwestern United States. Rising temperatures have contributed to large-scale ecological impacts, affecting plants, animals, as well as ecosystem services, e.g., water supply. The climate of the Gunnison Basin, Colorado, is ...
National Water Program Strategy Response to Climate Change
... intense rainfall result in more nutrients, pathogens, and toxins being washed into waterbodies. 3. Changes to the Availability of Drinking Water Supplies: In some parts of the country, droughts, changing patterns of precipitation and snowmelt, and increased water loss due to evaporation as a result ...
... intense rainfall result in more nutrients, pathogens, and toxins being washed into waterbodies. 3. Changes to the Availability of Drinking Water Supplies: In some parts of the country, droughts, changing patterns of precipitation and snowmelt, and increased water loss due to evaporation as a result ...
Assessing the Evidence: Environment, Climate
... public health, food security and water availability; 3) rising sea levels that make coastal areas uninhabitable; and 4) competition over scarce natural resources potentially leading to growing tensions and even conflict and, in turn, displacement. ...
... public health, food security and water availability; 3) rising sea levels that make coastal areas uninhabitable; and 4) competition over scarce natural resources potentially leading to growing tensions and even conflict and, in turn, displacement. ...
AMIDST FRAGMENTATION AND COHERENCE: A
... However, natural and cultural characteristics of sites of outstanding universal value are quite often closely related, and climate change implications are similar in each category.10 This correlation may be acknowledged explicitly, as in the case of the Mount Emei Scenic Area in China and the Tongar ...
... However, natural and cultural characteristics of sites of outstanding universal value are quite often closely related, and climate change implications are similar in each category.10 This correlation may be acknowledged explicitly, as in the case of the Mount Emei Scenic Area in China and the Tongar ...
Modelling Climate Variability and Climate Change and Their
... The results showed that inter annual seasonal rainfall and temperature trends varied between 0.18 to 0.26 mm per year and 0.05 to 0.63 oC per year respectively across the seasons. While there are significant increasing trends in temperature for all seasons at most stations of Uganda, the trends in s ...
... The results showed that inter annual seasonal rainfall and temperature trends varied between 0.18 to 0.26 mm per year and 0.05 to 0.63 oC per year respectively across the seasons. While there are significant increasing trends in temperature for all seasons at most stations of Uganda, the trends in s ...
Spatial Planning in Coastal Regions
... zone. Holistic and technical documents such as this report are mostly handy to practitioners “as most of them are preoccupied with the responsibilities of their jobs and tend not to have the time or inclination to search for these information from different scientific sources” (Tribbia and Moser, 20 ...
... zone. Holistic and technical documents such as this report are mostly handy to practitioners “as most of them are preoccupied with the responsibilities of their jobs and tend not to have the time or inclination to search for these information from different scientific sources” (Tribbia and Moser, 20 ...
In the Supreme Court of the State of California
... Warming Solutions Act of 2006, commonly referred to as AB 32 (Health & Saf. Code, § 38500 et seq.). Where the proposed update to a 40-year regional transportation plan shows near-term reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, but the reductions are not projected to continue over the longer-term, the l ...
... Warming Solutions Act of 2006, commonly referred to as AB 32 (Health & Saf. Code, § 38500 et seq.). Where the proposed update to a 40-year regional transportation plan shows near-term reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, but the reductions are not projected to continue over the longer-term, the l ...
America's Climate Choices: Panel on Limiting the Research Council
... technological challenges of the 21st century. Since the industrial revolution, the atmosphere has been one of the world’s principal waste repositories because it has offered an easy and inexpensive means of managing unwanted by-products. It is currently absorbing a net gain of two parts per million ...
... technological challenges of the 21st century. Since the industrial revolution, the atmosphere has been one of the world’s principal waste repositories because it has offered an easy and inexpensive means of managing unwanted by-products. It is currently absorbing a net gain of two parts per million ...
Global Catastrophic Risks - The Global Priorities Project
... this report can be divided into two categories. Some are ongoing and could potentially occur in any given year. Others are emerging and may be very unlikely today but will become significantly more likely in the coming decades. The most significant ongoing risks are natural pandemics and nuclear war ...
... this report can be divided into two categories. Some are ongoing and could potentially occur in any given year. Others are emerging and may be very unlikely today but will become significantly more likely in the coming decades. The most significant ongoing risks are natural pandemics and nuclear war ...
Discrepancy in climatic zoning of the current soil productivity
... is strongly influenced by the climate conditions (Anaya-Romero et al., 2013). Abiotic stress is a major cause of reduced yield in the case of healthy plants. In this context, many scientific research projects dealt with the impact of weather course and climate change on agricultural crops. They were p ...
... is strongly influenced by the climate conditions (Anaya-Romero et al., 2013). Abiotic stress is a major cause of reduced yield in the case of healthy plants. In this context, many scientific research projects dealt with the impact of weather course and climate change on agricultural crops. They were p ...
climate change and african forest and wildlife resources
... carbon cycle, play vital roles in climatic change and variability. Climate, on the other hand, affects the function and structure of forests. Understanding this vital relation is critical in developing appropriate policies and technology options that can contain the adverse effects of climate change ...
... carbon cycle, play vital roles in climatic change and variability. Climate, on the other hand, affects the function and structure of forests. Understanding this vital relation is critical in developing appropriate policies and technology options that can contain the adverse effects of climate change ...
Influence of dynamic vegetation on climate change and terrestrial
... combination of PFTs into MATSIRO vegetation classification with some additional information (leaf area index (LAI), soil moisture, growing degree days (GDD), net primary productivity (NPP); see O’ishi and Abe-Ouchi, 2009, for detail). This translated vegetation distribution does not include exact in ...
... combination of PFTs into MATSIRO vegetation classification with some additional information (leaf area index (LAI), soil moisture, growing degree days (GDD), net primary productivity (NPP); see O’ishi and Abe-Ouchi, 2009, for detail). This translated vegetation distribution does not include exact in ...
Simulating Transient Climate Evolution of the Last
... take advantage of these proxy records to study the Earth’s climate dynamics and to better project future climate changes. The last deglaciation (~21 to 10 ka) (ka: 1,000 years ago) was the most recent major natural global warming, with a concurrent CO2 rise of 70~80 ppmv (parts per million by volume ...
... take advantage of these proxy records to study the Earth’s climate dynamics and to better project future climate changes. The last deglaciation (~21 to 10 ka) (ka: 1,000 years ago) was the most recent major natural global warming, with a concurrent CO2 rise of 70~80 ppmv (parts per million by volume ...
Climate Change Adaptation Guidelines in Coastal Management and
... A coastal manager must presently make decisions relating to both minor development approvals and major new infrastructure. Such decisions cannot always be based on perfect information and frequently cannot be delayed until new science, research or understanding is available. However, such decisions ...
... A coastal manager must presently make decisions relating to both minor development approvals and major new infrastructure. Such decisions cannot always be based on perfect information and frequently cannot be delayed until new science, research or understanding is available. However, such decisions ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).