Global Climate Change and Coral Reefs
... the environment, such as sewage and other pollution and sedimentation, and by direct over-exploitation and physical destruction; these impacts will increase with population growth and rapid economic development. ...
... the environment, such as sewage and other pollution and sedimentation, and by direct over-exploitation and physical destruction; these impacts will increase with population growth and rapid economic development. ...
Climate Change and Migratory Species
... 4.8.2. Storm Frequency, Wind Speed and Wave Conditions ..................................80 4.8.3. Climate Patterns and Variability .....................................................................80 Summary of the potential effects of climate change on marine mammals ................81 4.9.1. A ...
... 4.8.2. Storm Frequency, Wind Speed and Wave Conditions ..................................80 4.8.3. Climate Patterns and Variability .....................................................................80 Summary of the potential effects of climate change on marine mammals ................81 4.9.1. A ...
Ch7 Pre-Release - Arctic Climate Impact Assessment
... closed boreal forests (section 14.2.3).This is not a clear boundary but a transition from south to north consisting of the sequence: closed forest, forest with patches of tundra, tundra with patches of forest, and tundra.The transition zone is relatively narrow (30 to 150 km) when compared to the wi ...
... closed boreal forests (section 14.2.3).This is not a clear boundary but a transition from south to north consisting of the sequence: closed forest, forest with patches of tundra, tundra with patches of forest, and tundra.The transition zone is relatively narrow (30 to 150 km) when compared to the wi ...
Decreased Streamflow in the Yellow River Basin, China: Climate
... represents the first step for any study of the impacts of climate change and human activities on the hydrological cycle at both the regional and global scale [4–6]. Hydrological processes are influenced by both climatic changes such as increased or decreased precipitation and human activities such a ...
... represents the first step for any study of the impacts of climate change and human activities on the hydrological cycle at both the regional and global scale [4–6]. Hydrological processes are influenced by both climatic changes such as increased or decreased precipitation and human activities such a ...
ECCA 2017 Full Programme
... 8.1 Adaptation, Mitigation and Transformation: The high-end context, synergies and trade-offs .....................159 3.1 The economics of climate change ..................................................................................................................163 5.1 Co-production as a mean ...
... 8.1 Adaptation, Mitigation and Transformation: The high-end context, synergies and trade-offs .....................159 3.1 The economics of climate change ..................................................................................................................163 5.1 Co-production as a mean ...
The New Peckham Experiment
... dynamic; if you are born into disadvantage your life-path is likely to embed that disadvantage across generations. Breaking this cycle requires a fundamental re-think of the role of the state, distribution of resources, and a new, dynamic model of active citizenship. The New Peckham Experiment’s mod ...
... dynamic; if you are born into disadvantage your life-path is likely to embed that disadvantage across generations. Breaking this cycle requires a fundamental re-think of the role of the state, distribution of resources, and a new, dynamic model of active citizenship. The New Peckham Experiment’s mod ...
Effects of permafrost degradation on ecosystems
... is estimated at about 1.5×106 km2 and account for 69.77% the total permafrost area in china[11]. Permafrost controlled by air temperature in the thickness, presence and geographic extent reacts sensitively to changes in atmospheric temperature and permafrost is identified as one of the key cryospher ...
... is estimated at about 1.5×106 km2 and account for 69.77% the total permafrost area in china[11]. Permafrost controlled by air temperature in the thickness, presence and geographic extent reacts sensitively to changes in atmospheric temperature and permafrost is identified as one of the key cryospher ...
Characterizing differences in precipitation regimes of extreme wet
... ecoregions were excluded, as well as sites located in Bailey’s ‘mountain’ provinces due to the high degree of spatial variability associated with orographic effects on precipitation regimes. From the remaining sites in each of the 12 ecoregions, 12 data sets were randomly selected (n = 144 total) fo ...
... ecoregions were excluded, as well as sites located in Bailey’s ‘mountain’ provinces due to the high degree of spatial variability associated with orographic effects on precipitation regimes. From the remaining sites in each of the 12 ecoregions, 12 data sets were randomly selected (n = 144 total) fo ...
Characterizing the international carbon capture and storage community Jennie C. Stephens ,
... journalists, governments, policy analysts and other stakeholders with diverse social interests who are advocating for the same goal (Sabatier and Jenkins-Smith, 1993). According to Haas (1992a), an epistemic community is ‘‘a network of professionals with recognized expertise in a particular domain a ...
... journalists, governments, policy analysts and other stakeholders with diverse social interests who are advocating for the same goal (Sabatier and Jenkins-Smith, 1993). According to Haas (1992a), an epistemic community is ‘‘a network of professionals with recognized expertise in a particular domain a ...
Projected expansion of the subtropical biome and contraction of the
... and is composed of separate atmosphere, ocean, sea ice, and land models that interact through an online flux coupler (Delworth et al., 2006). The ocean model has a resolution of 18 in latitude and longitude north of 308N, whereas south of 308N the latitudinal resolution progressively becomes higher, ...
... and is composed of separate atmosphere, ocean, sea ice, and land models that interact through an online flux coupler (Delworth et al., 2006). The ocean model has a resolution of 18 in latitude and longitude north of 308N, whereas south of 308N the latitudinal resolution progressively becomes higher, ...
Climate change impacts on the flow regimes of rivers in
... discharge, latent and sensible heat fluxes, glacier mass balance and snow cover influence the global climate through feedback effects involving atmospheric and ocean circulation (Peixoto and Oort, 1992). Climate change impact studies in natural and social sciences where water resources exert a major ...
... discharge, latent and sensible heat fluxes, glacier mass balance and snow cover influence the global climate through feedback effects involving atmospheric and ocean circulation (Peixoto and Oort, 1992). Climate change impact studies in natural and social sciences where water resources exert a major ...
Effects of permafrost degradation on ecosystems
... degradation of permafrost, increase of thaw depths and disappearance of permafrost in local area, especially in the discontinuous and sporadic permafrost zones [17,18]. Widespread increases in active layer thickness can cause great changes in hydrological processes, distribution of vegetation, soil ...
... degradation of permafrost, increase of thaw depths and disappearance of permafrost in local area, especially in the discontinuous and sporadic permafrost zones [17,18]. Widespread increases in active layer thickness can cause great changes in hydrological processes, distribution of vegetation, soil ...
THE GARNAUT CLIMATE CHANGE REvIEW
... five issues papers, the discussion paper on the emissions trading scheme and the interim report, all of which stimulated considerable public discussion and debate on climate change mitigation and adaptation in Australia. This final report is the last stage of a wide-ranging process that has transpar ...
... five issues papers, the discussion paper on the emissions trading scheme and the interim report, all of which stimulated considerable public discussion and debate on climate change mitigation and adaptation in Australia. This final report is the last stage of a wide-ranging process that has transpar ...
UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON
... Printed in Halesworth, UK by Technographic Design and Print Ltd using chlorine free paper from sustainable forests accredited with EMAS environmental certification Disclaimer and Rights This publication is issued for public information purposes and is not an official text of the Convention in any le ...
... Printed in Halesworth, UK by Technographic Design and Print Ltd using chlorine free paper from sustainable forests accredited with EMAS environmental certification Disclaimer and Rights This publication is issued for public information purposes and is not an official text of the Convention in any le ...
Shaping Tomorrow Today: Near-Term Steps Towards Long
... On March 17–18, 2009, the RAND Frederick S. Pardee Center for Longer Range Global Policy and the Future Human Condition hosted a workshop called “Shaping Tomorrow Today: Near-Term Steps Towards Long-Term Goals.” The workshop gave policymakers and analysts an opportunity to explore new methods and to ...
... On March 17–18, 2009, the RAND Frederick S. Pardee Center for Longer Range Global Policy and the Future Human Condition hosted a workshop called “Shaping Tomorrow Today: Near-Term Steps Towards Long-Term Goals.” The workshop gave policymakers and analysts an opportunity to explore new methods and to ...
The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health
... three years has been remarkable and their work has advanced our knowledge of how human health is impacted by climate change now and in the future. Combating the health threats from climate change is a top priority for President Obama and a key driver of his Climate Action Plan. I strongly and respec ...
... three years has been remarkable and their work has advanced our knowledge of how human health is impacted by climate change now and in the future. Combating the health threats from climate change is a top priority for President Obama and a key driver of his Climate Action Plan. I strongly and respec ...
CGE training material
... Baseline Scenario Definitions: Examples from the Literature • International Energy Agency’s widely cited World Energy Outlook 2011 presents two: − Current Policies Scenario (“show how the future might look on the basis of the perpetuation, without change, of the government policies and measures that ...
... Baseline Scenario Definitions: Examples from the Literature • International Energy Agency’s widely cited World Energy Outlook 2011 presents two: − Current Policies Scenario (“show how the future might look on the basis of the perpetuation, without change, of the government policies and measures that ...
PDF
... no till corn, and 75% under no till soybeans. We find that a risk neutral farmer, under current climate patterns and a corn-soybean rotation, prefers both forms of conservation tillage to a moldboard plow. However, moldboard plow dominates conservation tillage practices under continuous corn, especi ...
... no till corn, and 75% under no till soybeans. We find that a risk neutral farmer, under current climate patterns and a corn-soybean rotation, prefers both forms of conservation tillage to a moldboard plow. However, moldboard plow dominates conservation tillage practices under continuous corn, especi ...
Coffee Barometer 2014
... short-term benefits to farmers in the form of additional food and income, an important prerequisite for adoption by smallholder farmers. To adapt successfully, the downside of adding shade, e.g. lower productivity, has to be managed with good agronomic practices. Retrieved from: http://policy-practi ...
... short-term benefits to farmers in the form of additional food and income, an important prerequisite for adoption by smallholder farmers. To adapt successfully, the downside of adding shade, e.g. lower productivity, has to be managed with good agronomic practices. Retrieved from: http://policy-practi ...
Climate driven changes to malaria transmission patterns in
... known to influence transmission intensity through its effects on the population growth of the mosquito vector and on pathogen development within the vector. Spatio-temporal data at a regional scale in the highlands of Ethiopia provide an opportunity to examine how the spatial distribution of the dis ...
... known to influence transmission intensity through its effects on the population growth of the mosquito vector and on pathogen development within the vector. Spatio-temporal data at a regional scale in the highlands of Ethiopia provide an opportunity to examine how the spatial distribution of the dis ...
Modelling Climate Variability and Climate Change and Their
... there are significant increasing trends in temperature for all seasons at most stations of Uganda, the trends in seasonal rainfall were significant only in a few stations. Further analysis observed significant linkages in variations of current banana yields and climate variability especially with re ...
... there are significant increasing trends in temperature for all seasons at most stations of Uganda, the trends in seasonal rainfall were significant only in a few stations. Further analysis observed significant linkages in variations of current banana yields and climate variability especially with re ...
Adaptive capacity deficits and adaptive capacity of economic
... capacity as “…the degree to which adjustments in practices, processes, or structures can moderate or offset the potential for damage or take advantage of opportunities created by a given change in climate” (IPCC, 2001). This definition is relatively unambiguous. There are, however, various approaches ...
... capacity as “…the degree to which adjustments in practices, processes, or structures can moderate or offset the potential for damage or take advantage of opportunities created by a given change in climate” (IPCC, 2001). This definition is relatively unambiguous. There are, however, various approaches ...
Glacier volume response time and its links to climate
... leads to longer response times than given by the simple ratio of glacier thickness to ablation at the terminus. Volume response times range from decades to thousands of years for glaciers in maritime (wet-warm) and continental (dry-cold) climates respectively. The combined effect of volume-area and ...
... leads to longer response times than given by the simple ratio of glacier thickness to ablation at the terminus. Volume response times range from decades to thousands of years for glaciers in maritime (wet-warm) and continental (dry-cold) climates respectively. The combined effect of volume-area and ...
Examining the decision-relevance of climate model information for the insurance industry
... investigated to further understand what is meant by climate under climate change. The thesis questions the conventional paradigm in which long-term climate prediction is treated purely as a boundary value problem (predictability of the second kind). Using simple climate-like models to draw analogies ...
... investigated to further understand what is meant by climate under climate change. The thesis questions the conventional paradigm in which long-term climate prediction is treated purely as a boundary value problem (predictability of the second kind). Using simple climate-like models to draw analogies ...
Scientific opinion on climate change
The scientific opinion on climate change is the overall judgment amongst scientists about whether global warming is happening, and if so, its causes and probable consequences. This scientific opinion is expressed in synthesis reports, by scientific bodies of national or international standing, and by surveys of opinion among climate scientists. Individual scientists, universities, and laboratories contribute to the overall scientific opinion via their peer-reviewed publications, and the areas of collective agreement and relative certainty are summarised in these high level reports and surveys.The scientific consensus is that the Earth's climate system is unequivocally warming, and that it is extremely likely (at least 95% probability) that humans are causing most of it through activities that increase concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as deforestation and burning fossil fuels. In addition, it is likely that some potential further greenhouse gas warming has been offset by increased aerosols.National and international science academies and scientific societies have assessed current scientific opinion on global warming. These assessments are generally consistent with the conclusions of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report summarized:Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as evidenced by increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, the widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising global average sea level.Most of the global warming since the mid-20th century is very likely due to human activities.Benefits and costs of climate change for [human] society will vary widely by location and scale. Some of the effects in temperate and polar regions will be positive and others elsewhere will be negative. Overall, net effects are more likely to be strongly negative with larger or more rapid warming.The range of published evidence indicates that the net damage costs of climate change are likely to be significant and to increase over time.The resilience of many ecosystems is likely to be exceeded this century by an unprecedented combination of climate change, associated disturbances (e.g. flooding, drought, wildfire, insects, ocean acidification) and other global change drivers (e.g. land-use change, pollution, fragmentation of natural systems, over-exploitation of resources).Some scientific bodies have recommended specific policies to governments and science can play a role in informing an effective response to climate change, however, policy decisions may require value judgements and so are not included in the scientific opinion.No scientific body of national or international standing maintains a formal opinion dissenting from any of these main points. The last national or international scientific body to drop dissent was the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, which in 2007 updated its statement to its current non-committal position. Some other organizations, primarily those focusing on geology, also hold non-committal positions.