Towards efficient breeding
... Testing time 10 (stage 1) and 14 (stage 2) little affected by the budget ...
... Testing time 10 (stage 1) and 14 (stage 2) little affected by the budget ...
Cloning animals
... A clone is an individual which is genetically identical with another individual. Cloning is a form of asexual reproduction which is widespread in nature. In the case of single-cell organisms and plants, it is an entirely normal process (division, vegetative reproduction), in the case of the higher v ...
... A clone is an individual which is genetically identical with another individual. Cloning is a form of asexual reproduction which is widespread in nature. In the case of single-cell organisms and plants, it is an entirely normal process (division, vegetative reproduction), in the case of the higher v ...
Analysis of inbreeding depression in the first litter size of mice in a long
... classical model of inbreeding, in relation to the age of the inbreeding. This was done in a long-term selection experiment on first litter size in mice with a total pedigree of 74,630 animals with ~30,000 phenotypic records. The experiment contained several different lines and the highest inbreeding ...
... classical model of inbreeding, in relation to the age of the inbreeding. This was done in a long-term selection experiment on first litter size in mice with a total pedigree of 74,630 animals with ~30,000 phenotypic records. The experiment contained several different lines and the highest inbreeding ...
Animal trait ontology
... Classification of Traits - Mammalian Phenotype Ontology (MGI website) not suitable for production traits. - Define a 3 level Ontology based on the different publications : Body traits Carcass traits Fat % Abdominal fat weight Behaviour Abdominal fat weight Growth traits Immune respo ...
... Classification of Traits - Mammalian Phenotype Ontology (MGI website) not suitable for production traits. - Define a 3 level Ontology based on the different publications : Body traits Carcass traits Fat % Abdominal fat weight Behaviour Abdominal fat weight Growth traits Immune respo ...
Animal breeding
... replicate it over the distribution (or universe) of environmental values that the population is expressed to experience. While it is often assumed that the genetic and environmental values are uncorrelated, this not be the case. For example, a genetically higher-yield dairy cow may also be fed more, ...
... replicate it over the distribution (or universe) of environmental values that the population is expressed to experience. While it is often assumed that the genetic and environmental values are uncorrelated, this not be the case. For example, a genetically higher-yield dairy cow may also be fed more, ...
Breeding of Pest and Disease Resistant Potato Cultivars in Japan by
... Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is among the most important upland crops cultivated for many end uses throughout Japan. Potatoes are consumed in different ways, such as table use, food processing, starch production, and others. At the same time, various cropping systems are adopted according to enviro ...
... Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is among the most important upland crops cultivated for many end uses throughout Japan. Potatoes are consumed in different ways, such as table use, food processing, starch production, and others. At the same time, various cropping systems are adopted according to enviro ...
PDF - Canine Genetics and Epidemiology
... due to closed registries and breeding practices, and that this has had a detrimental effect on the health and welfare of many pedigree breeds. Indeed studies have empirically determined a large depletion in genetic diversity in some pedigree dogs breeds [1–3], and many breeds do suffer a high burden ...
... due to closed registries and breeding practices, and that this has had a detrimental effect on the health and welfare of many pedigree breeds. Indeed studies have empirically determined a large depletion in genetic diversity in some pedigree dogs breeds [1–3], and many breeds do suffer a high burden ...
Mendel`s Experiments
... Mendel’s Results • All of Mendel’s F1 (first generation) plants expressed the same trait for a given character. The contrasting trait seemed to have disappeared. • The contrasting trait reappeared, however, in some of the F2 plants when the F1 plants were allowed to self-pollinate. But, most import ...
... Mendel’s Results • All of Mendel’s F1 (first generation) plants expressed the same trait for a given character. The contrasting trait seemed to have disappeared. • The contrasting trait reappeared, however, in some of the F2 plants when the F1 plants were allowed to self-pollinate. But, most import ...
E-Halliburton chapter 13
... 2. How do we separate genetic effects from environmental effects on a quantitative trait? 3. How many loci affect quantitative traits, and how large are their effects? 4. How much genetic variation for quantitative traits is there in natural populations? 5. How is this genetic variation maintained? ...
... 2. How do we separate genetic effects from environmental effects on a quantitative trait? 3. How many loci affect quantitative traits, and how large are their effects? 4. How much genetic variation for quantitative traits is there in natural populations? 5. How is this genetic variation maintained? ...
Chapter 2 Parents & Offspring
... A learned behavior is developed during the course of a lifetime. Learning results from practice and experience. The ability to learn helps animals to survive. ...
... A learned behavior is developed during the course of a lifetime. Learning results from practice and experience. The ability to learn helps animals to survive. ...
GENETIC CHANGES WITH GENERATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL
... O ( p ) is the distribution of the first-order statistic of a random sample of size M taken from q P ( p ) ,and E ( p ) and E ( p 2 ) are the first two moments of the distribution @ (p). If the upper fraction of the sample or the top N phenotypes are selected, as will be the case in this paper, then ...
... O ( p ) is the distribution of the first-order statistic of a random sample of size M taken from q P ( p ) ,and E ( p ) and E ( p 2 ) are the first two moments of the distribution @ (p). If the upper fraction of the sample or the top N phenotypes are selected, as will be the case in this paper, then ...
marker assisted selection in disease resistance breeding
... designed for fewer breeding lines (especially in terms of field space). However, in 2000 Barr et al. stated that, “this is fantasy for public sector breeders, as MAS can only be used in early generation screening for very important material”, the main limitations being costs, ...
... designed for fewer breeding lines (especially in terms of field space). However, in 2000 Barr et al. stated that, “this is fantasy for public sector breeders, as MAS can only be used in early generation screening for very important material”, the main limitations being costs, ...
Paper Title (use style: paper title)
... natural selection. Thus, we can gain great deal of insight not only into how proteins and genes evolve during any time by the study of natural selection in species, but can also identify the genetic changes in species responsible for specific adaptations and mutations by identifying the patterns lef ...
... natural selection. Thus, we can gain great deal of insight not only into how proteins and genes evolve during any time by the study of natural selection in species, but can also identify the genetic changes in species responsible for specific adaptations and mutations by identifying the patterns lef ...
Response 1 - Office of the Gene Technology Regulator
... Almost all GM D. melanogaster research conducted in the United States is considered Biosafety Level 1 (the least restrictive containment level) under NIH guidelines (NIH Guidelines for Research Involving Recombinant or Synthetic Nucleic Acid Molecules (NIH Guidelines), 2016, Section III-D4-a). Only ...
... Almost all GM D. melanogaster research conducted in the United States is considered Biosafety Level 1 (the least restrictive containment level) under NIH guidelines (NIH Guidelines for Research Involving Recombinant or Synthetic Nucleic Acid Molecules (NIH Guidelines), 2016, Section III-D4-a). Only ...
A. Outline: B. Reading assignment: C. Suggested practice questions
... genotypes is called a Punnett square or crossing square - named after Reginald C. Punnett a Brit who, in 1917, introduced this method to predict genotypic and phenotypic ratios of progeny from a genetic cross. The phenotype of these progeny is tall. However, in the next set of crosses Mendel found t ...
... genotypes is called a Punnett square or crossing square - named after Reginald C. Punnett a Brit who, in 1917, introduced this method to predict genotypic and phenotypic ratios of progeny from a genetic cross. The phenotype of these progeny is tall. However, in the next set of crosses Mendel found t ...
Reproductive Ecology of the Green Treefrog (Hyla cinerea) in Northwestern Florida
... I sampled four localities in Leon County, Florida, over three Hyla cinerea breeding seasons (2001-2003). Three of these localities (Chapman Pond, 1 ha; Harriman Pond, 0.56 ha; and Innovation Pond, 1.4 ha) were suburban ponds surrounded by mowed grass, trees and shnibs, with relatively sparse emergen ...
... I sampled four localities in Leon County, Florida, over three Hyla cinerea breeding seasons (2001-2003). Three of these localities (Chapman Pond, 1 ha; Harriman Pond, 0.56 ha; and Innovation Pond, 1.4 ha) were suburban ponds surrounded by mowed grass, trees and shnibs, with relatively sparse emergen ...
Mendel: Darwin`s Savior or Opponent
... Bateson also coined the terms allelomorphs (later shortened to ...
... Bateson also coined the terms allelomorphs (later shortened to ...
Alan Robertson
... depression, and are expected to be negatively genetically correlated with other major components of fitness. ALANROBERTSON was intrigued by the fact that the population means of quantitative traits were stable. He evaluated the hypothesis that this stability was a consequence of an intermediate opti ...
... depression, and are expected to be negatively genetically correlated with other major components of fitness. ALANROBERTSON was intrigued by the fact that the population means of quantitative traits were stable. He evaluated the hypothesis that this stability was a consequence of an intermediate opti ...
POPULATION GENETICS LECTURE NOTES
... Natural selection occurs when some genotypes in a population have differential survival, fertility or reproduction. In this case, we multiply each genotype’s frequency by its fitness, where fitness is a reflection of the genotype’s probability of survival and its relative participation in reproducti ...
... Natural selection occurs when some genotypes in a population have differential survival, fertility or reproduction. In this case, we multiply each genotype’s frequency by its fitness, where fitness is a reflection of the genotype’s probability of survival and its relative participation in reproducti ...
Dwarfism - xy-zoo
... Achondroplasia in Other Species More and more species have been discovered to have achondroplasia including some dogs, cats, chickens, cattle, rabbits, horses, and more. The results are the same: shortened limbs due to improper bone growth. It is important to understand that this results in dispropo ...
... Achondroplasia in Other Species More and more species have been discovered to have achondroplasia including some dogs, cats, chickens, cattle, rabbits, horses, and more. The results are the same: shortened limbs due to improper bone growth. It is important to understand that this results in dispropo ...
Early Canid Domestication: The Farm-Fox Experiment
... niches by animals such as wolves? Or did it result from intentional decisions by human beings? How you answer those questions will determine how you understand the morphological and physiological changes that domestication has brought about—whether as the results of the pressure of natural selection ...
... niches by animals such as wolves? Or did it result from intentional decisions by human beings? How you answer those questions will determine how you understand the morphological and physiological changes that domestication has brought about—whether as the results of the pressure of natural selection ...
Pop Gen2 Drifting Bunnies FINAL No answers
... MODULE FEEDBACK - Each year we work to improve the modules in the active learning "discussion" sections. Please answer the following question with regard to this module on this sheet and turn in your answer to the TA. You can do this anonymously if you like by turning in this sheet separately from ...
... MODULE FEEDBACK - Each year we work to improve the modules in the active learning "discussion" sections. Please answer the following question with regard to this module on this sheet and turn in your answer to the TA. You can do this anonymously if you like by turning in this sheet separately from ...
LPM 221: Commercial Poultry Production And Hatchery
... 89) Crossing of females of native fowls with males of exotic breed is called grading up. 90) The performance of the offspring is superior to either of the parents due to Hybrid vigour. 91) Crossing of two different species is called species hybridization. 92) 200 million semen concentration is used ...
... 89) Crossing of females of native fowls with males of exotic breed is called grading up. 90) The performance of the offspring is superior to either of the parents due to Hybrid vigour. 91) Crossing of two different species is called species hybridization. 92) 200 million semen concentration is used ...
Selective breeding
Selective breeding (also called artificial selection) is the process by which humans use animal breeding and plant breeding to selectively develop particular phenotypic traits (characteristics) by choosing which typically animal or plant males and females will sexually reproduce and have offspring together. Domesticated animals are known as breeds, normally bred by a professional breeder, while plants are known as varieties, cultigens, or cultivars in plants. Two purebred animals of different breeds produce a crossbreed, and crossbred plants are called hybrids.There are two approaches or types of artificial selection, or selective breeding. First is the traditional ""breeder’s approach"" in which the breeder or experimenter applies ""a known amount of selection to a single phenotypic trait"" by examining the chosen trait and choosing to breed only those that exhibit higher or ""extreme values"" of that trait. The second is called ""controlled natural selection,"" which is essentially natural selection in a controlled environment. In this, the breeder does not choose which individuals being tested ""survive or reproduce,"" as he or she could in the traditional approach. There are also ""selection experiments,"" which is a third approach and these are conducted in order to determine the ""strength of natural selection in the wild."" However, this is more often an observational approach as opposed to an experimental approach. In animal breeding, techniques such as inbreeding, linebreeding, and outcrossing are utilized. In plant breeding, similar methods are used. Charles Darwin discussed how selective breeding had been successful in producing change over time in his book, On the Origin of Species. The first chapter of the book discusses selective breeding and domestication of such animals as pigeons, cats, cattle, and dogs. Selective breeding was used by Darwin as a springboard to introduce the theory of natural selection, and to support it.The deliberate exploitation of selective breeding to produce desired results has become very common in agriculture and experimental biology.Selective breeding can be unintentional, e.g., resulting from the process of human cultivation; and it may also produce unintended – desirable or undesirable – results. For example, in some grains, an increase in seed size may have resulted from certain ploughing practices rather than from the intentional selection of larger seeds. Most likely, there has been an interdependence between natural and artificial factors that have resulted in plant domestication.