Differential Characteristics of Face Neuron Responses Within the
... FIG. 1. A: delayed matching-to-sample task based on an identification (I-DMS) task. This task was a version of a sequential delayed matching-to-sample task; a sample (480 ms) was presented after each monkey fixated on a small point (FP; 0.2° diam) that appeared at the center of the display. Test (ma ...
... FIG. 1. A: delayed matching-to-sample task based on an identification (I-DMS) task. This task was a version of a sequential delayed matching-to-sample task; a sample (480 ms) was presented after each monkey fixated on a small point (FP; 0.2° diam) that appeared at the center of the display. Test (ma ...
Neurochemical organization of chimpanzee inferior pulvinar complex
... Povinelli, 2000). These studies make it clear that although humans share many features of brain organization and function with apes and monkeys, there are important differences as well. Documenting the patterns of similarities and difference is essential for understanding how results derived from no ...
... Povinelli, 2000). These studies make it clear that although humans share many features of brain organization and function with apes and monkeys, there are important differences as well. Documenting the patterns of similarities and difference is essential for understanding how results derived from no ...
Delineation of a frequency-organized region isolated from the
... exposed to a 5- or 35-kHz sound stimulus through a speaker (SRS3050A; Stax) placed above the cage. The exposure sound consisted of an amplitude-modulated tone with a carrier frequency of 5 or 35 kHz and modulation frequency of 20 Hz. Duration of the tones was 500 ms, and a rise/fall time was 10 ms. ...
... exposed to a 5- or 35-kHz sound stimulus through a speaker (SRS3050A; Stax) placed above the cage. The exposure sound consisted of an amplitude-modulated tone with a carrier frequency of 5 or 35 kHz and modulation frequency of 20 Hz. Duration of the tones was 500 ms, and a rise/fall time was 10 ms. ...
Episodic memory, amnesia, and the hippocampal–anterior thalamic
... subthalamus). The hippocampal efferents to the medial diencephalon are regarded as vital for normal hippocampal activity and are, hence, seen as functional extensions of the hippocampus (Fig. 1). The principal thalamic targets in this system are the anterior thalamic nuclei. These nuclei receive dir ...
... subthalamus). The hippocampal efferents to the medial diencephalon are regarded as vital for normal hippocampal activity and are, hence, seen as functional extensions of the hippocampus (Fig. 1). The principal thalamic targets in this system are the anterior thalamic nuclei. These nuclei receive dir ...
Basal Forebrain Cholinergic System Is Involved in Rapid Nerve
... cortex (Knipper et al. 1994a,b). The authors demonstrated such effects in synaptosomes prepared from the rat hippocampus that included BF projection fibers. They showed enhanced ACh release from these synaptosomes starting within 1 min after NGF application. Anti-NGF antibodies blocked the NGFinduce ...
... cortex (Knipper et al. 1994a,b). The authors demonstrated such effects in synaptosomes prepared from the rat hippocampus that included BF projection fibers. They showed enhanced ACh release from these synaptosomes starting within 1 min after NGF application. Anti-NGF antibodies blocked the NGFinduce ...
Frontal Eye Field Sends Delay Activity Related to Movement
... as the time from the cue to respond to the initiation of the saccade. A saccade was judged to be spatially accurate if it terminated within a virtual window surrounding the target location, the dimensions of which varied from 1° horizontally and 2° vertically for targets located at small eccentricit ...
... as the time from the cue to respond to the initiation of the saccade. A saccade was judged to be spatially accurate if it terminated within a virtual window surrounding the target location, the dimensions of which varied from 1° horizontally and 2° vertically for targets located at small eccentricit ...
The Reorganization of Primary Auditory Cortex by Invasion of
... throughout the entire auditory cortex, I found that residual auditory tuning and tonotopy in the rewired auditory cortex were compromised. Auditory tuning curves were broader and tonotopic maps were disrupted in the experimental animals. Because lateral inhibition is proposed to contribute to refine ...
... throughout the entire auditory cortex, I found that residual auditory tuning and tonotopy in the rewired auditory cortex were compromised. Auditory tuning curves were broader and tonotopic maps were disrupted in the experimental animals. Because lateral inhibition is proposed to contribute to refine ...
Structure of Receptive Fields in Area 3b of Primary Somatosensory
... fingerpad, we described the receptive field (RF) of each neuron as the two-dimensional pattern of excitation and inhibition that determines the neuronal response to complex spatial patterns scanned across the skin. Several lines of evidence suggest that the neural signals that underlie the perceptio ...
... fingerpad, we described the receptive field (RF) of each neuron as the two-dimensional pattern of excitation and inhibition that determines the neuronal response to complex spatial patterns scanned across the skin. Several lines of evidence suggest that the neural signals that underlie the perceptio ...
Shape Selectivity in Primate Frontal Eye Field
... research has been the idea that FEF is of major importance in transforming the outcome of visual processing into a command to orient (Schall 2004). Several more recent investigations have shown that although the initial activity of visually responsive neurons in FEF does not discriminate whether a t ...
... research has been the idea that FEF is of major importance in transforming the outcome of visual processing into a command to orient (Schall 2004). Several more recent investigations have shown that although the initial activity of visually responsive neurons in FEF does not discriminate whether a t ...
Limbic structures, emotion, and memory
... 2008d, 2012a, 2016c). The fundamental advantage of this separation of “what” processing in Tier 1 from reward value processing in Tier 2 is that any learning in Tier 2 of the value of an object or face seen in one location on the retina, size, and view will generalize to other views etc. In rodents, ...
... 2008d, 2012a, 2016c). The fundamental advantage of this separation of “what” processing in Tier 1 from reward value processing in Tier 2 is that any learning in Tier 2 of the value of an object or face seen in one location on the retina, size, and view will generalize to other views etc. In rodents, ...
Vestibular System: The Many Facets of a
... well suited for linking systems and cellular levels of analyses. A unique feature of the vestibular system is that many second-order sensory neurons in the brain stem are also premotor neurons; the same neurons that receive afferent inputs send direct projections to motoneurons. An advantage of this ...
... well suited for linking systems and cellular levels of analyses. A unique feature of the vestibular system is that many second-order sensory neurons in the brain stem are also premotor neurons; the same neurons that receive afferent inputs send direct projections to motoneurons. An advantage of this ...
hippocampo–cerebellar theta band phase synchrony in rabbits
... hippocampus and the cerebellum interact, and what is the special role of the theta oscillation? In order for the hippocampus to modulate memory trace formation in the cerebellum we have to assume interaction between these areas. One indication of interaction between two brain areas is synchronized o ...
... hippocampus and the cerebellum interact, and what is the special role of the theta oscillation? In order for the hippocampus to modulate memory trace formation in the cerebellum we have to assume interaction between these areas. One indication of interaction between two brain areas is synchronized o ...
The Optic Tectum in Fishes
... the relatively small, retinotopically ordered MURFs of superficial tectum, instead taking a bewildering variety of forms. In the various cyprinid and perciform species investigated, tectal cell receptive fields probed with flashed or moving spots of light vary greatly in size, ranging from roughly c ...
... the relatively small, retinotopically ordered MURFs of superficial tectum, instead taking a bewildering variety of forms. In the various cyprinid and perciform species investigated, tectal cell receptive fields probed with flashed or moving spots of light vary greatly in size, ranging from roughly c ...
Response Differences in Monkey TE and Perirhinal Cortex: Stimulus
... three DMS trials. The monkeys used the cue’s relation to the reward schedule (indicated by the brightness) to adjust their behavioral performance. They performed most quickly and most accurately in trials in which reward was immediately forthcoming and progressively less well as more intermediate tr ...
... three DMS trials. The monkeys used the cue’s relation to the reward schedule (indicated by the brightness) to adjust their behavioral performance. They performed most quickly and most accurately in trials in which reward was immediately forthcoming and progressively less well as more intermediate tr ...
this article - Zald Affective Neuroscience Lab | Vanderbilt University
... defines anhedonia as diminished interest or pleasure in response to stimuli that were previously perceived as rewarding during a pre-morbid state (DSM-IV-TR). Along with depressed mood, anhedonia is one of two required symptoms for a diagnosis of MDD Q2 (American Psychiatric Association, 2000; World ...
... defines anhedonia as diminished interest or pleasure in response to stimuli that were previously perceived as rewarding during a pre-morbid state (DSM-IV-TR). Along with depressed mood, anhedonia is one of two required symptoms for a diagnosis of MDD Q2 (American Psychiatric Association, 2000; World ...
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... d) SPECT offers monitoring of brain oxygen changes, while PET does not. 7. Which of the following coordinates involuntary rapid fine-motor movement? a) medulla b) pons c) reticular formation d) cerebellum 8. If you have a problem remembering things that happened a year ago, doctors might check for d ...
... d) SPECT offers monitoring of brain oxygen changes, while PET does not. 7. Which of the following coordinates involuntary rapid fine-motor movement? a) medulla b) pons c) reticular formation d) cerebellum 8. If you have a problem remembering things that happened a year ago, doctors might check for d ...
donepezil dose-dependently inhibits acetylcholinesterase activity in
... Abstract—In the symptomatic treatment of mild to moderately severe dementia associated with Alzheimer’s disease, donepezil (E2020) has been introduced for the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity in the human brain. However, there is no morphological evidence as to how this chemical agent aff ...
... Abstract—In the symptomatic treatment of mild to moderately severe dementia associated with Alzheimer’s disease, donepezil (E2020) has been introduced for the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity in the human brain. However, there is no morphological evidence as to how this chemical agent aff ...
The intention-to-CAUSE bias: Evidence from children’s causal
... ‘‘the boy moved the ball’’, the causal agent (the boy) is mapped into the subject noun phrase, while the effect (moving ball) is mapped into the verb phrase (verb + direct object). This linguistic structure is referred to as the lexical causative construction. Another possibility is that only the ef ...
... ‘‘the boy moved the ball’’, the causal agent (the boy) is mapped into the subject noun phrase, while the effect (moving ball) is mapped into the verb phrase (verb + direct object). This linguistic structure is referred to as the lexical causative construction. Another possibility is that only the ef ...
ITI-signals and prelimbic cortex facilitate avoidance acquisition and
... As a model of anxiety disorder vulnerability, male Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats acquire leverpress avoidance behavior more readily than outbred Sprague-Dawley rats, and their acquisition is enhanced by the presence of a discrete signal presented during the inter-trial intervals (ITIs), suggesting that it ...
... As a model of anxiety disorder vulnerability, male Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats acquire leverpress avoidance behavior more readily than outbred Sprague-Dawley rats, and their acquisition is enhanced by the presence of a discrete signal presented during the inter-trial intervals (ITIs), suggesting that it ...
Time perception
Time perception is a field of study within psychology and neuroscience that refers to the subjective experience of time, which is measured by someone's own perception of the duration of the indefinite and continuous unfolding of events. The perceived time interval between two successive events is referred to as perceived duration. Another person's perception of time cannot be directly experienced or understood, but it can be objectively studied and inferred through a number of scientific experiments. Time perception is a construction of the brain that is manipulable and distortable under certain circumstances. These temporal illusions help to expose the underlying neural mechanisms of time perception.Pioneering work, emphasizing species-specific differences, was conducted by Karl Ernst von Baer. Experimental work began under the influence of the psycho-physical notions of Gustav Theodor Fechner with studies of the relationship between perceived and measured time.