Neuronal control of leech behavior - Emory Biology
... middle panel) have provided intracellular and extracellular recordings during each of the behaviors, thereby revealing the underlying motor neuronal firing patterns. The isolated nervous system (bottom panel), in its entirety or in pieces, produces motor patterns that are distinguishable as the neur ...
... middle panel) have provided intracellular and extracellular recordings during each of the behaviors, thereby revealing the underlying motor neuronal firing patterns. The isolated nervous system (bottom panel), in its entirety or in pieces, produces motor patterns that are distinguishable as the neur ...
Increased Anxiety 3 Months after Brief Exposure to MDMA
... decreases in cortical, striatal, thalamic, and hypothalamic 5HT2A/2C receptor density, while low-dose MDMA tended to produce similar effects but only significantly in the piriform cortex. These data suggest that even brief, relatively low-dose MDMA exposure can produce significant, long-term changes ...
... decreases in cortical, striatal, thalamic, and hypothalamic 5HT2A/2C receptor density, while low-dose MDMA tended to produce similar effects but only significantly in the piriform cortex. These data suggest that even brief, relatively low-dose MDMA exposure can produce significant, long-term changes ...
Formation of a full complement of cranial proprioceptors requires
... The extent of proprioceptive deficiencies differed among different masticatory muscles, suggesting that NT3 and BDNF support separate subpopulations of spindles and their proprioceptive afferents. To explore this issue further, we compared the number of spindles in NT3-/-;BDNF-/- double gene mutants ...
... The extent of proprioceptive deficiencies differed among different masticatory muscles, suggesting that NT3 and BDNF support separate subpopulations of spindles and their proprioceptive afferents. To explore this issue further, we compared the number of spindles in NT3-/-;BDNF-/- double gene mutants ...
HCN channels are a novel therapeutic target for cognitive
... mice result from hyperactivation of Ras signaling in GABAergic neurons, despite expression of the neurofibromin/Ras in both excitatory and inhibitory neurons.3,6 The specificity of this phenotype is further surprising, given that it is not recapitulated in other mouse models in which Ras-ERK signaling ...
... mice result from hyperactivation of Ras signaling in GABAergic neurons, despite expression of the neurofibromin/Ras in both excitatory and inhibitory neurons.3,6 The specificity of this phenotype is further surprising, given that it is not recapitulated in other mouse models in which Ras-ERK signaling ...
- TestbankU
... 37. The strength of the brain’s response to a weak or strong stimulus is a result of _____ a) how many and how fast neurons fire. b) the all or none rule. c) how many millivolts the neuron has. d) whether action potential occurs. Answer: a The all or none rule states that neurons either fire or don ...
... 37. The strength of the brain’s response to a weak or strong stimulus is a result of _____ a) how many and how fast neurons fire. b) the all or none rule. c) how many millivolts the neuron has. d) whether action potential occurs. Answer: a The all or none rule states that neurons either fire or don ...
Serotonin Modulates Developmental Microglia
... developmental elimination of inappropriate synapses involves the phagocytic activity of microglia 3, 4, however, the influence of microglial cells on synapse development most likely extends beyond their phagocytic capabilities. These cells indeed release a large array of signaling molecules, includi ...
... developmental elimination of inappropriate synapses involves the phagocytic activity of microglia 3, 4, however, the influence of microglial cells on synapse development most likely extends beyond their phagocytic capabilities. These cells indeed release a large array of signaling molecules, includi ...
Stereotyped responses of Drosophila peptidergic neuronal
... At the end of larval life, Drosophila enters the prepupal stage, then ecdyses to a pupa to initiate the transformation to the adult that occurs during metamorphosis. Pupal ecdysis consists of a sequence of behavioral subroutines, which starts with the preparatory behavior of pre-ecdysis, during whic ...
... At the end of larval life, Drosophila enters the prepupal stage, then ecdyses to a pupa to initiate the transformation to the adult that occurs during metamorphosis. Pupal ecdysis consists of a sequence of behavioral subroutines, which starts with the preparatory behavior of pre-ecdysis, during whic ...
View PDF - MRC BNDU - University of Oxford
... Neurons in the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) are highly heterogeneous in their discharge properties, their neurochemical markers, their pattern of connectivity and the behavioural processes in which they participate. Three main transmitter phenotypes have been described, cholinergic, GABAergic and ...
... Neurons in the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) are highly heterogeneous in their discharge properties, their neurochemical markers, their pattern of connectivity and the behavioural processes in which they participate. Three main transmitter phenotypes have been described, cholinergic, GABAergic and ...
electrophysiological and synaptic properties of rat superior and
... preganglionic nerve bundle revealed that in HT, a greater number of neurons receive strong synaptic inputs. Application of high-frequency, low amplitude stimulation of the preganglionic nerve revealed that a greater proportion of neurons from NT rats underwent long-term potentiation of excitatory po ...
... preganglionic nerve bundle revealed that in HT, a greater number of neurons receive strong synaptic inputs. Application of high-frequency, low amplitude stimulation of the preganglionic nerve revealed that a greater proportion of neurons from NT rats underwent long-term potentiation of excitatory po ...
Rearrangement of microtubule polarity orientation during conversion
... maintained in neuronal processes. We previously described a culture system in which dendrites convert to axons [Hayashi et al., 2002]. We isolated neurons that bore an apical dendrite from the neonatal rat cerebral cortex. When cultured, *65% of these neurons regenerated an axon from the dendritic t ...
... maintained in neuronal processes. We previously described a culture system in which dendrites convert to axons [Hayashi et al., 2002]. We isolated neurons that bore an apical dendrite from the neonatal rat cerebral cortex. When cultured, *65% of these neurons regenerated an axon from the dendritic t ...
NIH Public Access
... signals within one of the higher harmonic FM bands and show very little response to frequencies within the FM1 band, when these signals are presented separately. In response to the signal combinations, the neurons have peaked delay functions that reveal facilitatory interactions at some delays, but ...
... signals within one of the higher harmonic FM bands and show very little response to frequencies within the FM1 band, when these signals are presented separately. In response to the signal combinations, the neurons have peaked delay functions that reveal facilitatory interactions at some delays, but ...
Increased Mesolimbic GABA Concentration Blocks Heroin Self
... VTA (Mogenson and Nielson, 1983), two critical areas in mediating opiate reinforcement, we hypothesize that, similar to the VTA, opiates also inhibit NAcc GABAergic projection cells that ultimately disinhibit postsynaptic VP neurons and VTA DA neurons. Such a mechanism may, in part, explain the prop ...
... VTA (Mogenson and Nielson, 1983), two critical areas in mediating opiate reinforcement, we hypothesize that, similar to the VTA, opiates also inhibit NAcc GABAergic projection cells that ultimately disinhibit postsynaptic VP neurons and VTA DA neurons. Such a mechanism may, in part, explain the prop ...
Timing in reward and decision processes
... scale. Recent studies indicate that temporal processing may not be centralized in one single brain structure but rather occurs across different specialized areas [6–8]. Temporal prediction can be induced by stimuli or events and also by the passing of time itself [9]. This fact is characterized by t ...
... scale. Recent studies indicate that temporal processing may not be centralized in one single brain structure but rather occurs across different specialized areas [6–8]. Temporal prediction can be induced by stimuli or events and also by the passing of time itself [9]. This fact is characterized by t ...
View PDF - MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit
... together these two systems mediate reward-related learning in basal ganglia circuits. Here, we addressed the potential contribution of cortical and thalamic excitatory inputs to the characteristic multiphasic responses of cholinergic interneurons in vivo. We first recorded and labeled individual cho ...
... together these two systems mediate reward-related learning in basal ganglia circuits. Here, we addressed the potential contribution of cortical and thalamic excitatory inputs to the characteristic multiphasic responses of cholinergic interneurons in vivo. We first recorded and labeled individual cho ...
Differential Characteristics of Face Neuron Responses Within the
... was presented after each monkey fixated on a small point (FP; 0.2° diam) that appeared at the center of the display. Test (match or nonmatch; 480 ms) stimuli were presented to each subject after an interstimulus delay (992 ms). Intervening (nonmatch) stimuli were presented 0 –3 times until a match f ...
... was presented after each monkey fixated on a small point (FP; 0.2° diam) that appeared at the center of the display. Test (match or nonmatch; 480 ms) stimuli were presented to each subject after an interstimulus delay (992 ms). Intervening (nonmatch) stimuli were presented 0 –3 times until a match f ...
Autonomic Nervous System
... SNS operates under our conscious control, as exemplified by voluntary activities such as getting out of a chair, picking up a ball, walking outside, and throwing the ball for the dog to chase. (We have already seen that some SNS activities, such as swinging the arms while walking, occur at the subco ...
... SNS operates under our conscious control, as exemplified by voluntary activities such as getting out of a chair, picking up a ball, walking outside, and throwing the ball for the dog to chase. (We have already seen that some SNS activities, such as swinging the arms while walking, occur at the subco ...
Program
and
Abstracts
from
the
Fifth
Annual
Canadian
Neuroscience
Meeting
May
29
–
June
1
2011
Quebec
City
Convention
Center
... unclear. Altering depolarizing glycine signaling from the beginning of development in zebrafish embryos by over‐expressing the potassium‐chloride co‐transporter type‐2 (KCC2) to reverse the chloride gradient or by knocking down the embryonic glycine receptor caused a specific loss of spinal inter ...
... unclear. Altering depolarizing glycine signaling from the beginning of development in zebrafish embryos by over‐expressing the potassium‐chloride co‐transporter type‐2 (KCC2) to reverse the chloride gradient or by knocking down the embryonic glycine receptor caused a specific loss of spinal inter ...
Vestibular Signals in the Parasolitary Nucleus
... 1998). In the rabbit, the Psol is identifiable using either cytoarchitectonic or immunohistochemical criteria (Fig. 1B). All The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked “advertisement” in accordance with 1 ...
... 1998). In the rabbit, the Psol is identifiable using either cytoarchitectonic or immunohistochemical criteria (Fig. 1B). All The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked “advertisement” in accordance with 1 ...
The subfornical organ: A central nervous system site for actions of
... The leptin receptor, encoded by the Ob-R gene, was isolated from choroid plexus by expression cloning and is a member of the cytokine family (48). Although five leptin receptor isoforms have been identified (Ob-Ra to Ob-Re), only the long form of the receptor, Ob-Rb, possesses the cytoplasmic domain ...
... The leptin receptor, encoded by the Ob-R gene, was isolated from choroid plexus by expression cloning and is a member of the cytokine family (48). Although five leptin receptor isoforms have been identified (Ob-Ra to Ob-Re), only the long form of the receptor, Ob-Rb, possesses the cytoplasmic domain ...
Effects of cannabinoid drugs on the deficit of prepulse
... 1994) – were able to reverse the deficit in CFC task presented by SHRs. These results suggest that these drugs could constitute an alternative for the treatment of abnormalities in emotional context processing related to schizophrenia (Levin et al., 2012). In order to further investigate the potentia ...
... 1994) – were able to reverse the deficit in CFC task presented by SHRs. These results suggest that these drugs could constitute an alternative for the treatment of abnormalities in emotional context processing related to schizophrenia (Levin et al., 2012). In order to further investigate the potentia ...
For Peer Review - diss.fu
... modulation of ascending monoamine systems in response to afferents from limbic regions and basal ganglia. The LHb is implicated in various biological functions, such as reward, sleepwake cycle, feeding, pain processing and memory formation. The modulatory role of the LHb is partly assumed by putativ ...
... modulation of ascending monoamine systems in response to afferents from limbic regions and basal ganglia. The LHb is implicated in various biological functions, such as reward, sleepwake cycle, feeding, pain processing and memory formation. The modulatory role of the LHb is partly assumed by putativ ...
[Ca2+]c dynamics in spontaneously firing dopamine neurons of the
... Tymianski, 2000). Since glutamate is involved in many such functions and can activate various glutamate receptors, the [Ca2+]c signals related to glutamate receptors in neuronal cells have long been studied in a variety of neuronal cells (Mayer and Miller, 1990; Gallin and Greenberg, 1995). Therefor ...
... Tymianski, 2000). Since glutamate is involved in many such functions and can activate various glutamate receptors, the [Ca2+]c signals related to glutamate receptors in neuronal cells have long been studied in a variety of neuronal cells (Mayer and Miller, 1990; Gallin and Greenberg, 1995). Therefor ...
The natural hallucinogen 5-MeO-DMT, component of Ayahuasca
... 5-MeO-DMT, respectively, with significant post-hoc differences between 5-MeO-DMT and saline in all posttreatment periods (Fig. 2). Since hallucinogenic drugs are known to have clear effects on the autonomic nervous system and blood pressure (McCall et al., 1987; McCall and Harris, 1988). In order to ...
... 5-MeO-DMT, respectively, with significant post-hoc differences between 5-MeO-DMT and saline in all posttreatment periods (Fig. 2). Since hallucinogenic drugs are known to have clear effects on the autonomic nervous system and blood pressure (McCall et al., 1987; McCall and Harris, 1988). In order to ...
The Development of Ocular Dominance Columns
... Hubel, 1963a). In these animals, the two eyes were entirely normal, and neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN, see figure 1), the nucleus that is the major source of input to visual cortex, appeared to be nearly normal. The geniculate neurons in the layer driven by the deprived eye responde ...
... Hubel, 1963a). In these animals, the two eyes were entirely normal, and neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN, see figure 1), the nucleus that is the major source of input to visual cortex, appeared to be nearly normal. The geniculate neurons in the layer driven by the deprived eye responde ...
Reverse pharmacology of orexin
... the basal forebrain cholinergic neurons and monoaminergic neurons in the brain stem to maintain arousal. In addition, orexin neurons also appear to act on LDT/PPT cholinergic neurons, because orexin neurons project directly to the PPT/ LDT nuclei and direct injection of orexin-A into the LDT of cats ...
... the basal forebrain cholinergic neurons and monoaminergic neurons in the brain stem to maintain arousal. In addition, orexin neurons also appear to act on LDT/PPT cholinergic neurons, because orexin neurons project directly to the PPT/ LDT nuclei and direct injection of orexin-A into the LDT of cats ...