Presentation Notes – fully editable, add your own notes! Lesson 1
... Slide 12. Seafloor Features - Continental slopes are the steep “drop offs” between the continental shelf and the abyssal plain. The water depth ranges from 200 and 2,000 m. Slide 13. Seafloor Features – Example of the steep continental slope off San Francisco Bay. The colors represent deep (blue) t ...
... Slide 12. Seafloor Features - Continental slopes are the steep “drop offs” between the continental shelf and the abyssal plain. The water depth ranges from 200 and 2,000 m. Slide 13. Seafloor Features – Example of the steep continental slope off San Francisco Bay. The colors represent deep (blue) t ...
Phytoplankton blooms detected by SeaWiFS along the central and
... large-scale circulation pattern, dominated by the cold equatorward California Current (CC) flowing from the north (Figure 1). This meandering current divides the CC ecosystem into a productive nearshore region and an oligotrophic offshore region (Hayward and Venrick 1998). To the north of Point Conc ...
... large-scale circulation pattern, dominated by the cold equatorward California Current (CC) flowing from the north (Figure 1). This meandering current divides the CC ecosystem into a productive nearshore region and an oligotrophic offshore region (Hayward and Venrick 1998). To the north of Point Conc ...
- University of Cambridge
... by unraveling the past histories of climate change and ocean chemistry that were markedly different from today over long periods of Earth’s past. The Eocene epoch, about 56 to 34 million years ago (Ma), is one such example of an extreme climate, with very warm temperatures, up to 5°C (low latitude) ...
... by unraveling the past histories of climate change and ocean chemistry that were markedly different from today over long periods of Earth’s past. The Eocene epoch, about 56 to 34 million years ago (Ma), is one such example of an extreme climate, with very warm temperatures, up to 5°C (low latitude) ...
Constraints on shallow mantle viscosity from morphology and
... (Figure 2a). The overall topography shows the combined effects of a central high built up by extruded magma and flexural response of lithosphere, as described in a previous study by Buck [2001]. Plastic strain is seen only in the shallow, near‐axis area showing that the lithosphere experiences littl ...
... (Figure 2a). The overall topography shows the combined effects of a central high built up by extruded magma and flexural response of lithosphere, as described in a previous study by Buck [2001]. Plastic strain is seen only in the shallow, near‐axis area showing that the lithosphere experiences littl ...
Massive marine methane emissions from near
... the coastline contains sediments with shallow gas, associated to a peat-rich layer from the late Pleistocene25. The high near-shore CH4 concentrations in surface waters were observed within this band of gassy sediments (Figs 1 and S1) that was most probably the source of CH4. The nearshore BCZ has s ...
... the coastline contains sediments with shallow gas, associated to a peat-rich layer from the late Pleistocene25. The high near-shore CH4 concentrations in surface waters were observed within this band of gassy sediments (Figs 1 and S1) that was most probably the source of CH4. The nearshore BCZ has s ...
Seafloor Spreading Hypothesis
... • Define the seafloor spreading hypothesis and describe how seafloor spreading works. ...
... • Define the seafloor spreading hypothesis and describe how seafloor spreading works. ...
Working Group on Achieving Ecosystem Management and Integrated
... outreach will have to be concurrently addressed. The Imperative of Addressing Climate Change Impacts Through EBM/ICM The oceans play a significant role in regulating the global climate and moderating weather systems around the world. Changes in climate can have a profound impact on the functioning o ...
... outreach will have to be concurrently addressed. The Imperative of Addressing Climate Change Impacts Through EBM/ICM The oceans play a significant role in regulating the global climate and moderating weather systems around the world. Changes in climate can have a profound impact on the functioning o ...
Continental Drift - Pearson Higher Education
... ill California eventually slide into the ocean as some predict? Have continents really drifted apart over the centuries? Answers to these questions and many others that have intrigued geologists for decades are now being provided by an exciting theory on large-scale movements taking place within Ear ...
... ill California eventually slide into the ocean as some predict? Have continents really drifted apart over the centuries? Answers to these questions and many others that have intrigued geologists for decades are now being provided by an exciting theory on large-scale movements taking place within Ear ...
Earth/Space Science Pretest 2014-2015 Multiple Choice Identify the
... a. the continental crust c. the oceanic crust b. the lithosphere d. the mantle ____ 39. What layer of Earth is labeled B in Figure 8-2? a. the continental crust c. the oceanic crust b. the lithosphere d. the mantle ____ 40. The inner planets—Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars—were formed by ____. a. su ...
... a. the continental crust c. the oceanic crust b. the lithosphere d. the mantle ____ 39. What layer of Earth is labeled B in Figure 8-2? a. the continental crust c. the oceanic crust b. the lithosphere d. the mantle ____ 40. The inner planets—Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars—were formed by ____. a. su ...
Full text in pdf format
... dances in excess of 4.9 x 10' cells ml-l, the highest re(Prochlorococcus + heterotrophic bacteria) biomass at ported for oceanic samples (Fig. 5). The maxima of the the surface was 0.45 + 0.05 for the tropical region. The profiles taken in the tropical region were also located mean ratio (&D) for th ...
... dances in excess of 4.9 x 10' cells ml-l, the highest re(Prochlorococcus + heterotrophic bacteria) biomass at ported for oceanic samples (Fig. 5). The maxima of the the surface was 0.45 + 0.05 for the tropical region. The profiles taken in the tropical region were also located mean ratio (&D) for th ...
long-term seafloor electromagnetic observation in the northwest
... It has long been pointed out that a “land-locked” view alone cannot provide the true image of the Earth because the continents occupy only 30% of the Earth’s surface. Disciplines in solid Earth geophysics such as seismology strongly require an “ocean-locked” view of the Earth as well as the “land-lo ...
... It has long been pointed out that a “land-locked” view alone cannot provide the true image of the Earth because the continents occupy only 30% of the Earth’s surface. Disciplines in solid Earth geophysics such as seismology strongly require an “ocean-locked” view of the Earth as well as the “land-lo ...
Meteorological, Sea Ice and Physical Oceanographic Conditions on
... Surface air temperature anomalies relative to the 1981-2010 means for the North Atlantic Region are available from the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA, 2013) interactive website. In 2014, the annual anomalies were above normal by more than 0.5oC over the Scotian Shelf an ...
... Surface air temperature anomalies relative to the 1981-2010 means for the North Atlantic Region are available from the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA, 2013) interactive website. In 2014, the annual anomalies were above normal by more than 0.5oC over the Scotian Shelf an ...
SECOND-ORDER DRAFT IPCC WGII AR5 Chapter 6 Do Not Cite
... magnitude of change). [6.2.5, 6.3.2, 6.4, 6.5] The oceans currently provide about half of global net primary production (NPP). Environmental controls on NPP include temperature, CO2, nutrient supply and irradiance all of which are projected to be altered (WGI). The direction, magnitude and regional ...
... magnitude of change). [6.2.5, 6.3.2, 6.4, 6.5] The oceans currently provide about half of global net primary production (NPP). Environmental controls on NPP include temperature, CO2, nutrient supply and irradiance all of which are projected to be altered (WGI). The direction, magnitude and regional ...
Crustal thickening in an extensional regime: application to the mid
... between spatial and temporal evolution of crustal thinning and thickening, uplift of the surface and strength of the lithosphere. It is found that the Vbring Basin formed the strongest part of the margin which explains why the Maastrichtian–Paleocene rift axis was not located here but instead jumped ...
... between spatial and temporal evolution of crustal thinning and thickening, uplift of the surface and strength of the lithosphere. It is found that the Vbring Basin formed the strongest part of the margin which explains why the Maastrichtian–Paleocene rift axis was not located here but instead jumped ...
Trace metal composition of suspended particulate matter in
... thickness is due to variability in physical processes, especially mixing associated with cyclonic and anti-cyclonic eddies (Oğuz et al., 2001a,b; Oğuz, 2002). In the southwest corner of the Black Sea the suboxic zone can be absent due to intrusions from the Bosporus Plume (Konovalov et al., 2003). B ...
... thickness is due to variability in physical processes, especially mixing associated with cyclonic and anti-cyclonic eddies (Oğuz et al., 2001a,b; Oğuz, 2002). In the southwest corner of the Black Sea the suboxic zone can be absent due to intrusions from the Bosporus Plume (Konovalov et al., 2003). B ...
biogeographic atlas of the southern ocean - HOME
... CAML (www.caml.aq) was a 5-year project that aimed at assessing the nature, distribution and abundance of all living organisms of the Southern Ocean. In this time of environmental change, CAML provided a comprehensive baseline information on the Antarctic marine biodiversity as a sound benchmark aga ...
... CAML (www.caml.aq) was a 5-year project that aimed at assessing the nature, distribution and abundance of all living organisms of the Southern Ocean. In this time of environmental change, CAML provided a comprehensive baseline information on the Antarctic marine biodiversity as a sound benchmark aga ...
Chapter 42 Cold-Water Corals
... times is consistent with these estimates, indicating that there was no apparent recovery 5-10 years after the closure of seamount fisheries on the Tasmanian seamounts (Althaus et al., 2009). These impacts have also been the most recognized in terms of management efforts, thus far (see below). Instal ...
... times is consistent with these estimates, indicating that there was no apparent recovery 5-10 years after the closure of seamount fisheries on the Tasmanian seamounts (Althaus et al., 2009). These impacts have also been the most recognized in terms of management efforts, thus far (see below). Instal ...
Petrological nature of the oceanic Moho
... future by “CHIKYU”. The Mohole is to know the petrological nature of Moho, which has been defined by seismic nature. It has therefore importance as one of rare examples of collaboration between material geosciences (petrology or geology) and geophysics (seismology). Drilling through the oceanic Moho ...
... future by “CHIKYU”. The Mohole is to know the petrological nature of Moho, which has been defined by seismic nature. It has therefore importance as one of rare examples of collaboration between material geosciences (petrology or geology) and geophysics (seismology). Drilling through the oceanic Moho ...
Hotspots, mantle plumes and core heat loss
... minimum in the average temperature pro¢le just outside the bottom boundary layer due to the spreading of cold plume heads [7] (Fig. 3). This provides a buoyancy source leading to small instabilities but is not enough to overcome the stable temperature gradient in the core of the system which is obse ...
... minimum in the average temperature pro¢le just outside the bottom boundary layer due to the spreading of cold plume heads [7] (Fig. 3). This provides a buoyancy source leading to small instabilities but is not enough to overcome the stable temperature gradient in the core of the system which is obse ...
PLATE TECTONICS - Oakton Community College
... – 3. Cooler discharge (cold seep) (5 - 25oC) • a. water flows out through cracks and fissures in the ocean floor. • b. cold seep waters are about the same temperature as the surrounding waters • c. the discharge water is clear ...
... – 3. Cooler discharge (cold seep) (5 - 25oC) • a. water flows out through cracks and fissures in the ocean floor. • b. cold seep waters are about the same temperature as the surrounding waters • c. the discharge water is clear ...
Final PDF VERSION 09-10 CICS Annual Progress Report JCver3-May-14th
... could be obtained using just the data or the model alone. Such products are necessarily not wholly accurate representations of the system; however, especially in data-sparse regions of the globe and for poorly measured fields, the resulting combined product is likely to be a much more accurate repre ...
... could be obtained using just the data or the model alone. Such products are necessarily not wholly accurate representations of the system; however, especially in data-sparse regions of the globe and for poorly measured fields, the resulting combined product is likely to be a much more accurate repre ...
Extension Tectonics - Processes in Structural Geology and Tectonics
... We Discuss …Expressions of Extensional Tectonics • Today’s divergent plate boundaries • Ocean Ridges • Lithologies • Failed Rifts • Structural Styles • Pure shear systems • Simple shear systems • Stretching factor • Metamorphic core complexes • Isostasy • Rift evolution • Passive margins • Causes o ...
... We Discuss …Expressions of Extensional Tectonics • Today’s divergent plate boundaries • Ocean Ridges • Lithologies • Failed Rifts • Structural Styles • Pure shear systems • Simple shear systems • Stretching factor • Metamorphic core complexes • Isostasy • Rift evolution • Passive margins • Causes o ...
Convergence of tectonic reconstructions and mantle - HAL-Insu
... involving changes in ridge length and global tectonic reorganisations. Although independent, both convection models and kinematic reconstructions suggest that changes in ridge length are at least as significant as spreading rate fluctuations in driving changes in the seafloor area-age distribution t ...
... involving changes in ridge length and global tectonic reorganisations. Although independent, both convection models and kinematic reconstructions suggest that changes in ridge length are at least as significant as spreading rate fluctuations in driving changes in the seafloor area-age distribution t ...
Whole-mantle convection with tectonic plates preserves
... due to too many unquantifiable variables such as amount of material recycled, which part of the lithosphere recycled9, 10, and the timing of incorporation into the convecting mantle11, 12. Suggested recycled components have included lower continental crust11, sub-continental lithospheric mantle10, 1 ...
... due to too many unquantifiable variables such as amount of material recycled, which part of the lithosphere recycled9, 10, and the timing of incorporation into the convecting mantle11, 12. Suggested recycled components have included lower continental crust11, sub-continental lithospheric mantle10, 1 ...
(PDF)
... June and survey 2, 6 – 26 August. These cruises involved extensive mapping with a SeaSoar, with the aim of capturing repeated near-synoptic descriptions of the entire study area. Surface water iron concentrations were mapped throughout the SeaSoar operations with an underway flow injection analysis ...
... June and survey 2, 6 – 26 August. These cruises involved extensive mapping with a SeaSoar, with the aim of capturing repeated near-synoptic descriptions of the entire study area. Surface water iron concentrations were mapped throughout the SeaSoar operations with an underway flow injection analysis ...
Physical oceanography
Physical oceanography is the study of physical conditions and physical processes within the ocean, especially the motions and physical properties of ocean waters.Physical oceanography is one of several sub-domains into which oceanography is divided. Others include biological, chemical and geological oceanographies.