to eat or to sleep? orexin in the regulation of feeding and wakefulness
... ■ Abstract Orexin-A and orexin-B are neuropeptides originally identified as endogenous ligands for two orphan G-protein–coupled receptors. Orexin neuropeptides (also known as hypocretins) are produced by a small group of neurons in the lateral hypothalamic and perifornical areas, a region classicall ...
... ■ Abstract Orexin-A and orexin-B are neuropeptides originally identified as endogenous ligands for two orphan G-protein–coupled receptors. Orexin neuropeptides (also known as hypocretins) are produced by a small group of neurons in the lateral hypothalamic and perifornical areas, a region classicall ...
Intrinsic Connections of Macaque of Cells Outside Lamina 4c` Striate
... with retrograde transport as well. Microinjections into lamina 2/3A lead to the scattered labeling of neurons in lamina 3B/4A (Fig. 6) a result that reinforces the observation, described above, that the spreading component of the 2/3A projection derives from lamina 3B/4A. There are, however, no indi ...
... with retrograde transport as well. Microinjections into lamina 2/3A lead to the scattered labeling of neurons in lamina 3B/4A (Fig. 6) a result that reinforces the observation, described above, that the spreading component of the 2/3A projection derives from lamina 3B/4A. There are, however, no indi ...
By ON THE ROLE OF THE SUPERIOR COLLICULUS IN THE CONTROL... VISUALLY-GUIDED SACCADES
... and saccadic preparation interact within the SC to influence saccadic reaction time. I concluded that saccade latency was strongly dependant on the spatial representation and interaction of visual and saccade related signals in the SC. Together, these findings provide novel insight into the neural m ...
... and saccadic preparation interact within the SC to influence saccadic reaction time. I concluded that saccade latency was strongly dependant on the spatial representation and interaction of visual and saccade related signals in the SC. Together, these findings provide novel insight into the neural m ...
Are there differences between the secretion characteristics of NGF
... been demonstrated for neurotrophin-mediated neurotrophin secretion occurring as a consequence of Trk receptor activation (Canossa et al., 1997). However, discordant results have been reported for high potassium-mediated secretion of BDNF from virus-transduced primary cultures of hippocampal neurons ...
... been demonstrated for neurotrophin-mediated neurotrophin secretion occurring as a consequence of Trk receptor activation (Canossa et al., 1997). However, discordant results have been reported for high potassium-mediated secretion of BDNF from virus-transduced primary cultures of hippocampal neurons ...
1 OSCILLATORY ENTRAINMENT OF THALAMIC NEURONS BY
... 2007), which translates to ~ 1083 local neurons that contribute to LFPs and ~ 1849 neurons to ...
... 2007), which translates to ~ 1083 local neurons that contribute to LFPs and ~ 1849 neurons to ...
Unraveling the Genetics of Distal Hereditary Motor Neuronopathies
... The hereditary motor neuronopathies (HMN [MIM 158590]) are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by an exclusive involvement of the motor part of the peripheral nervous system. They are usually subdivided in proximal HMN, i.e., the classical spinal muscular atrophy syndromes and distal he ...
... The hereditary motor neuronopathies (HMN [MIM 158590]) are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by an exclusive involvement of the motor part of the peripheral nervous system. They are usually subdivided in proximal HMN, i.e., the classical spinal muscular atrophy syndromes and distal he ...
Functional Heterogeneity in the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis
... Role of the oval nucleus and CRF. Much evidence suggests that CRF exerts anxiogenic effects through its actions in BNST. For instance, intra-BNST (Sahuque et al., 2006) or intracerebroventricular injections of CRF (Lee and Davis, 1997) cause anxiogenic effects, and the latter are blocked by intra-BN ...
... Role of the oval nucleus and CRF. Much evidence suggests that CRF exerts anxiogenic effects through its actions in BNST. For instance, intra-BNST (Sahuque et al., 2006) or intracerebroventricular injections of CRF (Lee and Davis, 1997) cause anxiogenic effects, and the latter are blocked by intra-BN ...
Hox Genes: Choreographers in Neural Development, Architects of
... The neural circuits governing vital behaviors, such as respiration and locomotion, are comprised of discrete neuronal populations residing within the brainstem and spinal cord. Work over the past decade has provided a fairly comprehensive understanding of the developmental pathways that determine th ...
... The neural circuits governing vital behaviors, such as respiration and locomotion, are comprised of discrete neuronal populations residing within the brainstem and spinal cord. Work over the past decade has provided a fairly comprehensive understanding of the developmental pathways that determine th ...
to the Proceedings
... spatial orientation. Across a range of species, landmark orientation and landmark memory have been demonstrated, as well as the use of sky compass cues for path integration and long-range migrations. In contrast to behavioral data, considerable progress on the neural mechanisms underlying spatial re ...
... spatial orientation. Across a range of species, landmark orientation and landmark memory have been demonstrated, as well as the use of sky compass cues for path integration and long-range migrations. In contrast to behavioral data, considerable progress on the neural mechanisms underlying spatial re ...
... JNCL is the result of mutations in the CLN3 gene that codes for a transmembrane protein whose precise function remains unknown [7,9,10]. CLN3-null mutant mice (Cln3–/–) present with a JNCL-like phenotype, including the intralysosomal accumulation of autofluorescent storage material and the loss of s ...
Neural Control - International Continence Society
... Figure 3. Diagram showing neural circuits controlling continence and micturition. (A) Urine storage reflexes. During the storage of urine, distention of the bladder produces low level vesical afferent firing, which in turn stimulates (1) the sympathetic outflow to the bladder outlet (base and urethr ...
... Figure 3. Diagram showing neural circuits controlling continence and micturition. (A) Urine storage reflexes. During the storage of urine, distention of the bladder produces low level vesical afferent firing, which in turn stimulates (1) the sympathetic outflow to the bladder outlet (base and urethr ...
The Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Projection
... the basal forebrain and are divided into several subtypes based on their morphology, spontaneous or evoked firing pattern, and neuromodulatory function. Various CBPs are often co-expressed in a high percentage of GABAergic neurons in the cortex and hippocampus and serve to distinguish subpopulations ...
... the basal forebrain and are divided into several subtypes based on their morphology, spontaneous or evoked firing pattern, and neuromodulatory function. Various CBPs are often co-expressed in a high percentage of GABAergic neurons in the cortex and hippocampus and serve to distinguish subpopulations ...
The basal forebrain cholinergic projection system in mice. In
... the basal forebrain and are divided into several subtypes based on their morphology, spontaneous or evoked firing pattern, and neuromodulatory function. Various CBPs are often co-expressed in a high percentage of GABAergic neurons in the cortex and hippocampus and serve to distinguish subpopulations ...
... the basal forebrain and are divided into several subtypes based on their morphology, spontaneous or evoked firing pattern, and neuromodulatory function. Various CBPs are often co-expressed in a high percentage of GABAergic neurons in the cortex and hippocampus and serve to distinguish subpopulations ...
Neuromorphic computing
... This kind of computing is very similar to what can be found in a robotic controller. But the sensors and actuators are completely different, compared to humans and animals, thus the brain is substituted by a computer. ...
... This kind of computing is very similar to what can be found in a robotic controller. But the sensors and actuators are completely different, compared to humans and animals, thus the brain is substituted by a computer. ...
Neural mechanism of rapid eye movement sleep generation
... The EEG pattern and the eye movements that occur during REM sleep are apparently similar to that observed during wakefulness. The autonomic tone increases resulting in fast and irregular respiration, increased heart rate and elevated brain temperature. The brain glucose metabolism increases signific ...
... The EEG pattern and the eye movements that occur during REM sleep are apparently similar to that observed during wakefulness. The autonomic tone increases resulting in fast and irregular respiration, increased heart rate and elevated brain temperature. The brain glucose metabolism increases signific ...
indirect projections from the suprachiasmatic nucleus to major
... tuberomammillary nucleus (dorsal division: P 3.8 and P 4.16; ventral division: P 4.16 and P 4.3); ventral tegmental area (P 5.3 and P 5.6) and substantia nigra pars compacta (P 5.8 and P 6.04); dorsal raphe nucleus (P 7.8, P 8.2 and P 8.8); pedunculopontine (P 7.64 and P 8.3) and laterodorsal tegmen ...
... tuberomammillary nucleus (dorsal division: P 3.8 and P 4.16; ventral division: P 4.16 and P 4.3); ventral tegmental area (P 5.3 and P 5.6) and substantia nigra pars compacta (P 5.8 and P 6.04); dorsal raphe nucleus (P 7.8, P 8.2 and P 8.8); pedunculopontine (P 7.64 and P 8.3) and laterodorsal tegmen ...
Spatial distribution and characterization of non
... basal locations but maintain an apical contact during mitoses [7,11,14]. These subapical progenitors are mainly characterized by undergoing multiple and fast rounds of division. The non-apical progenitor populations have been widely studied in the mammalian brain, and there is some evidence that the ...
... basal locations but maintain an apical contact during mitoses [7,11,14]. These subapical progenitors are mainly characterized by undergoing multiple and fast rounds of division. The non-apical progenitor populations have been widely studied in the mammalian brain, and there is some evidence that the ...
Estradiol, Substance P, and the PI3K-Akt
... neurokinin 1 (NK-1) receptor. These neurons are activated in overlapping areas on the same timecourse. Substance P-induced hyperalgesia is also blocked by PI3K pathway inhibition. These results suggest that inflammation-induced hyperalgesia is mediated by substance P and dependent on the PI3K pathwa ...
... neurokinin 1 (NK-1) receptor. These neurons are activated in overlapping areas on the same timecourse. Substance P-induced hyperalgesia is also blocked by PI3K pathway inhibition. These results suggest that inflammation-induced hyperalgesia is mediated by substance P and dependent on the PI3K pathwa ...