Recasting the Smooth Pursuit Eye Movement System
... vestibular nucleus (VN). In parallel with this pathway, a second cortico–ponto– cerebellar pathway originates in the frontal eye field (FEF) and continues through the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis (NRTP), which, like the DLPN, provides outputs exclusively to the cerebellum, in this case lobule ...
... vestibular nucleus (VN). In parallel with this pathway, a second cortico–ponto– cerebellar pathway originates in the frontal eye field (FEF) and continues through the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis (NRTP), which, like the DLPN, provides outputs exclusively to the cerebellum, in this case lobule ...
Theta Modulation in the Medial and the Lateral Entorhinal Cortices
... doi:10.1152/jn.01141.2009. Hippocampal neurons show a strong modulation by theta frequency oscillations. This modulation is thought to be important not only for temporal encoding and decoding of information in the hippocampal system, but also for temporal ordering of neuronal activities on timescale ...
... doi:10.1152/jn.01141.2009. Hippocampal neurons show a strong modulation by theta frequency oscillations. This modulation is thought to be important not only for temporal encoding and decoding of information in the hippocampal system, but also for temporal ordering of neuronal activities on timescale ...
Clarinet (CLA-‐1), a novel active zone protein required for synaptic
... α (fig. S2 A-‐C), SYD-‐1 (fig S2 D-‐F) and ELKS-‐1 (fig. S2 G-‐I) in cla-‐1(L) mutants, suggesting that cla-‐1 does ...
... α (fig. S2 A-‐C), SYD-‐1 (fig S2 D-‐F) and ELKS-‐1 (fig. S2 G-‐I) in cla-‐1(L) mutants, suggesting that cla-‐1 does ...
Clarinet (CLA-‐1), a novel active zone protein required for
... α (fig. S2 A-‐C), SYD-‐1 (fig S2 D-‐F) and ELKS-‐1 (fig. S2 G-‐I) in cla-‐1(L) mutants, suggesting that cla-‐1 does ...
... α (fig. S2 A-‐C), SYD-‐1 (fig S2 D-‐F) and ELKS-‐1 (fig. S2 G-‐I) in cla-‐1(L) mutants, suggesting that cla-‐1 does ...
Different adrenal sympathetic preganglionic
... Epi Adr SPN responses to RVLM stimulation. In 71 (51%) adrenal SPNs, RVLM stimulation produced a biphasic response (Fig. 2A) consisting of an early reduction in unit action potential probability followed by a period of increased discharge probability during which the unit could fire more than one ti ...
... Epi Adr SPN responses to RVLM stimulation. In 71 (51%) adrenal SPNs, RVLM stimulation produced a biphasic response (Fig. 2A) consisting of an early reduction in unit action potential probability followed by a period of increased discharge probability during which the unit could fire more than one ti ...
Biophysics of Extracellular Action Potentials
... I recorded spikes from cat primary visual cortex (V1) and recreated them in the model. I calculated the distance at which an electrode could record the EAPs given the prevalent background noise. My analysis suggests that in the superficial cortical layers 50%–80% of the neurons were active, while in ...
... I recorded spikes from cat primary visual cortex (V1) and recreated them in the model. I calculated the distance at which an electrode could record the EAPs given the prevalent background noise. My analysis suggests that in the superficial cortical layers 50%–80% of the neurons were active, while in ...
morphology and synaptic connections of ultrafine primary axons
... crushed into them with fine rat-toothed forceps. Then small drops of saline were applied from a fine injection needle to dissolve the HRP and to keep the dorsal roots moist. The HRP was kept on the cut central ends of the dorsal roots for 8 hr in both cervical root experiments and for 6 and 12 hr in ...
... crushed into them with fine rat-toothed forceps. Then small drops of saline were applied from a fine injection needle to dissolve the HRP and to keep the dorsal roots moist. The HRP was kept on the cut central ends of the dorsal roots for 8 hr in both cervical root experiments and for 6 and 12 hr in ...
Structure and dynamics of the corticothalamic driver pathway in the
... the brain arrives at a sensory percept, it is therefore essential to determine the neuronal connectivity along the processing chain, the stimulus specificity of responses as well as the input-output transformations at each station. An interesting model system for investigating these dynamical proces ...
... the brain arrives at a sensory percept, it is therefore essential to determine the neuronal connectivity along the processing chain, the stimulus specificity of responses as well as the input-output transformations at each station. An interesting model system for investigating these dynamical proces ...
Wild type human TDP-43 potentiates ALS-linked mutant TDP
... Results: Expression of human wild-type TDP-43 (TDP-43WT) caused no clinical or pathological phenotype, while expression of Q331K mutant (TDP-43Q331K) resulted in a non-lethal age-dependent motor phenotype, accompanied by cytoplasmic TDP-43 aggregation, mild neuronal loss, with astroglial and microgl ...
... Results: Expression of human wild-type TDP-43 (TDP-43WT) caused no clinical or pathological phenotype, while expression of Q331K mutant (TDP-43Q331K) resulted in a non-lethal age-dependent motor phenotype, accompanied by cytoplasmic TDP-43 aggregation, mild neuronal loss, with astroglial and microgl ...
A Novel Functionally Distinct Subtype of Striatal Neuropeptide Y
... We investigated the properties of neostriatal neuropeptide Y (NPY)-expressing interneurons in transgenic GFP (green fluorescent protein)-NPY reporter mice. In vitro whole-cell recordings and biocytin staining demonstrated the existence of a novel class of neostriatal NPY-expressing GABAergic interne ...
... We investigated the properties of neostriatal neuropeptide Y (NPY)-expressing interneurons in transgenic GFP (green fluorescent protein)-NPY reporter mice. In vitro whole-cell recordings and biocytin staining demonstrated the existence of a novel class of neostriatal NPY-expressing GABAergic interne ...
The Locus Ceruleus Responds to Signaling Molecules Obtained
... trk receptors were gifts from Louis Reichardt (University of California, San Francisco, San Fancisco), and monoclonal antibody M7412 against chicken p75 was a gift from Hideaki Tanaka (Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan). Rabbit anti-p75 antibody against the intracellular domain was from Promega. ...
... trk receptors were gifts from Louis Reichardt (University of California, San Francisco, San Fancisco), and monoclonal antibody M7412 against chicken p75 was a gift from Hideaki Tanaka (Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan). Rabbit anti-p75 antibody against the intracellular domain was from Promega. ...
Primary- and Secondary-Like Jaw-Muscle Spindle Afferents Have
... physiological types of spindle afferent show distinctive morphologies. Microelectrodes filled with either horseradish peroxidase (HRP) or biotinamide (Neurobiotin) were advanced into the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (Vme) in anesthetized rats. Intracellular recordings then were characterized by ...
... physiological types of spindle afferent show distinctive morphologies. Microelectrodes filled with either horseradish peroxidase (HRP) or biotinamide (Neurobiotin) were advanced into the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (Vme) in anesthetized rats. Intracellular recordings then were characterized by ...
Dokument_1 - KLUEDO - Technische Universität Kaiserslautern
... nucleus is situated medially to the other nuclei from the complex and it is penetrated by many fibers of passage. Its principle cells are large with globular somata and relatively few dendrites (Sommer et al., 1993). The MNTB neurons receive monaural excitatory input from the contralateral cochlear ...
... nucleus is situated medially to the other nuclei from the complex and it is penetrated by many fibers of passage. Its principle cells are large with globular somata and relatively few dendrites (Sommer et al., 1993). The MNTB neurons receive monaural excitatory input from the contralateral cochlear ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... Moreover, dendritic filopodia rapidly extend toward nearby axonal growth cones to form synaptic connections, implying that dendrites may be a much more active force in synapse formation than previously imagined (Cooper and Smith, 1992; Ziv and Smith, 1996; Jontes et al., 2000). Many dendritic filopo ...
... Moreover, dendritic filopodia rapidly extend toward nearby axonal growth cones to form synaptic connections, implying that dendrites may be a much more active force in synapse formation than previously imagined (Cooper and Smith, 1992; Ziv and Smith, 1996; Jontes et al., 2000). Many dendritic filopo ...
Neural mechanisms of stimulus generalization in auditory fear
... latter. Interestingly, MGm-lesioned rats display high levels of freezing to both the CS+ and CS- even after an extinction session to the CS+, suggesting that this pathway might be important for discriminative fear by suppressing freezing to the neutral cues. Altogether the present findings point out ...
... latter. Interestingly, MGm-lesioned rats display high levels of freezing to both the CS+ and CS- even after an extinction session to the CS+, suggesting that this pathway might be important for discriminative fear by suppressing freezing to the neutral cues. Altogether the present findings point out ...
[Ca2+]c dynamics in spontaneously firing dopamine neurons of the
... brain slices, a majority of the cells showed a very large soma having 3-6 neurites, which is characteristic of dopamine neurons (Fig. 1Aa). But there were small cells having only two bidirectional neurites (Fig. 1Ab, small bipolar cells) as well as atypical cells such as a small body with multiple n ...
... brain slices, a majority of the cells showed a very large soma having 3-6 neurites, which is characteristic of dopamine neurons (Fig. 1Aa). But there were small cells having only two bidirectional neurites (Fig. 1Ab, small bipolar cells) as well as atypical cells such as a small body with multiple n ...
The diaphragm: two physiological muscles in one
... reflex pathway caudal to the central respiratory pattern generator in the medulla, possibly at the level of the spinal motoneurones themselves. There is very recent evidence, however, that the crural inhibition may be mediated by an even more distal mechanism. Liu et al. (2000) recorded the contract ...
... reflex pathway caudal to the central respiratory pattern generator in the medulla, possibly at the level of the spinal motoneurones themselves. There is very recent evidence, however, that the crural inhibition may be mediated by an even more distal mechanism. Liu et al. (2000) recorded the contract ...
Axon Physiology - Physiological Reviews
... drive the ascending phase of the action potential, are present at the AIS, namely, Nav1.1, Nav1.2, and Nav1.6. Nav1.1 is dominant at the AIS of GABAergic neurons (394), but it is also found in the AIS of retinal ganglion cells (542) and in spinal cord motoneurons (169; see Table 2 for details). With ...
... drive the ascending phase of the action potential, are present at the AIS, namely, Nav1.1, Nav1.2, and Nav1.6. Nav1.1 is dominant at the AIS of GABAergic neurons (394), but it is also found in the AIS of retinal ganglion cells (542) and in spinal cord motoneurons (169; see Table 2 for details). With ...
The circadian visual system, 2005
... be time-limited to the extent that, under test conditions explored to date, if a photic stimulus is sufficient to produce a maximal phase shift, more photons at the same time or up to 2 h later have no additional effect on phase shift magnitude (Nelson and Takahashi, 1999). In such cases, the circad ...
... be time-limited to the extent that, under test conditions explored to date, if a photic stimulus is sufficient to produce a maximal phase shift, more photons at the same time or up to 2 h later have no additional effect on phase shift magnitude (Nelson and Takahashi, 1999). In such cases, the circad ...
Chapter 9 The Nervous System
... functions of the system as a whole • Identify the major types of cells in the nervous system and discuss the function of each • Identify the anatomical and functional components of a three-neuron reflex arc. Compare and contrast the propagation of a nerve impulse along a nerve fiber and across ...
... functions of the system as a whole • Identify the major types of cells in the nervous system and discuss the function of each • Identify the anatomical and functional components of a three-neuron reflex arc. Compare and contrast the propagation of a nerve impulse along a nerve fiber and across ...
FLRT proteins act as guidance cues for migrating cortical interneurons
... 5.1 Effects of FLRT2 and FLRT3 ablation in the cortical interneurons migration through the SP stream ...................................................................................... 148 5.2 Regulation of the interneurons migration through the SP stream .............. 152 5.3 Late developomenta ...
... 5.1 Effects of FLRT2 and FLRT3 ablation in the cortical interneurons migration through the SP stream ...................................................................................... 148 5.2 Regulation of the interneurons migration through the SP stream .............. 152 5.3 Late developomenta ...
Anatomy & Physiology I
... سیستم عصبی، اعضای داخلی، در رگ های خون معلومات را درباره محیط داخلی تهیه میکند سیاله ها معموال بصورت شعوری در دریافت نمی گرددProprioreciptors گوش داخلی موقعیت دارد، مفاصل، اوتار، در عضالت موقعیت و حرکت مفاصل و موازنه، طول و کشش عضله، در مورد موقعیت بدنمعلومات تهیه میکند ...
... سیستم عصبی، اعضای داخلی، در رگ های خون معلومات را درباره محیط داخلی تهیه میکند سیاله ها معموال بصورت شعوری در دریافت نمی گرددProprioreciptors گوش داخلی موقعیت دارد، مفاصل، اوتار، در عضالت موقعیت و حرکت مفاصل و موازنه، طول و کشش عضله، در مورد موقعیت بدنمعلومات تهیه میکند ...