Session 230 IOP Measurement and characterization I
... the orbital wall, and IOP was transmitted to the transducer via an aqueous-filled silicone tube inserted into the anterior chamber. The implant was large, and the battery required intraperitoneal placement. We have developed an updated bilateral IOP and ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) telemetry syst ...
... the orbital wall, and IOP was transmitted to the transducer via an aqueous-filled silicone tube inserted into the anterior chamber. The implant was large, and the battery required intraperitoneal placement. We have developed an updated bilateral IOP and ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) telemetry syst ...
Plasticity of Binocularity and Visual Acuity Are Differentially Limited
... mild but reproducible deficit in motor coordination on the rotarod (Kim et al., 2004; Lee et al., 2004). However, this motor coordination phenotype does not appear to affect their performance in the visual water task, as both the constitutive NgR1 mutant and conditional NgR1 mutants display performa ...
... mild but reproducible deficit in motor coordination on the rotarod (Kim et al., 2004; Lee et al., 2004). However, this motor coordination phenotype does not appear to affect their performance in the visual water task, as both the constitutive NgR1 mutant and conditional NgR1 mutants display performa ...
Central pituitary adenylate cyclase- activating polypeptide (PACAP
... effects of the two peptides are most probably mediated primarily by the central nervous system since peripheral injection of VIP reduced the BRS only at its highest dose. The results have been obtained using the modern signal processing technique, transfer function analysis, that allows determinatio ...
... effects of the two peptides are most probably mediated primarily by the central nervous system since peripheral injection of VIP reduced the BRS only at its highest dose. The results have been obtained using the modern signal processing technique, transfer function analysis, that allows determinatio ...
MARCKS modulates radial progenitor placement
... shorter, and frequently deviated from their radial course (Fig. 1E,F). An identical phenotype, with anomalous radial fibers, club-like endfeet, and ectopic radial progenitors was also observed in cortices immunolabeled with a different radial-glia-specific marker, the glutamate transporter GLAST (se ...
... shorter, and frequently deviated from their radial course (Fig. 1E,F). An identical phenotype, with anomalous radial fibers, club-like endfeet, and ectopic radial progenitors was also observed in cortices immunolabeled with a different radial-glia-specific marker, the glutamate transporter GLAST (se ...
Same Spinal Interneurons Mediate Reflex Actions of Group Ib and
... demonstrated that these interneurons contact contralateral alpha motoneurons and either excite or inhibit them (Jankowska et al. 2003). By reconstructing axonal projections of commissural interneurons we have also demonstrated that they have widespread projections to neurons located outside motor nu ...
... demonstrated that these interneurons contact contralateral alpha motoneurons and either excite or inhibit them (Jankowska et al. 2003). By reconstructing axonal projections of commissural interneurons we have also demonstrated that they have widespread projections to neurons located outside motor nu ...
Xavier Nadal i Roura PARTICIPATION OF THE ENDOGENOUS OPIOID AND CANNABINOID SYSTEMS
... the available pharmacological treatment. Even with the existence of many therapeutic approaches, there is not an adequate effective treatment for palliating all symptoms of neuropathic pain. This situation leads us to study the specific involvement of the endogenous opioid and cannabinoid systems in ...
... the available pharmacological treatment. Even with the existence of many therapeutic approaches, there is not an adequate effective treatment for palliating all symptoms of neuropathic pain. This situation leads us to study the specific involvement of the endogenous opioid and cannabinoid systems in ...
Distinct Neuropathologic Phenotypes After Disrupting the
... effective therapies for these autosomal recessive disorders, their relentless disease course invariably ends in premature death (12, 13). Disease-causing mutations have been identified in at least 8 genes (13, 14), but there are still variant and adultonset NCL cases with no characterized molecular b ...
... effective therapies for these autosomal recessive disorders, their relentless disease course invariably ends in premature death (12, 13). Disease-causing mutations have been identified in at least 8 genes (13, 14), but there are still variant and adultonset NCL cases with no characterized molecular b ...
Frontal Eye Field Sends Delay Activity Related to Movement
... sent from the FEF to the SC contributes to several different functions during saccade generation. Moreover, these results provide the first detailed description of delay activity identified as leaving any part of the prefrontal cortex. We hypothesize that a major, general way in which prefrontal cor ...
... sent from the FEF to the SC contributes to several different functions during saccade generation. Moreover, these results provide the first detailed description of delay activity identified as leaving any part of the prefrontal cortex. We hypothesize that a major, general way in which prefrontal cor ...
Insula function in anorexia nervosa
... insula activity when anorexic patients were shown pictures of thin body parts4. Others found that the insula is a key structure in the interoceptive processing3. This includes various sensations as taste, the perception of pain, intestinal tension, itch, dyspnoea and temperature3. The integration of ...
... insula activity when anorexic patients were shown pictures of thin body parts4. Others found that the insula is a key structure in the interoceptive processing3. This includes various sensations as taste, the perception of pain, intestinal tension, itch, dyspnoea and temperature3. The integration of ...
Ethanol Potentiation of Glycine-Induced Responses in Dissociated
... fetal alcohol syndrome/fetal alcohol effects are neurobehavioral disturbances, such as hyperactivity, learning disabilities, depression, and psychosis (Clarren and Smith, 1978). The mechanisms underlying EtOH effects on the developing human brain, however, are poorly understood. According to a very ...
... fetal alcohol syndrome/fetal alcohol effects are neurobehavioral disturbances, such as hyperactivity, learning disabilities, depression, and psychosis (Clarren and Smith, 1978). The mechanisms underlying EtOH effects on the developing human brain, however, are poorly understood. According to a very ...
Anatomy of the Temporal Lobe
... In this paper, I attempt to explain the positions of the parts of the normal human temporal lobe in relation to one another and to nearby structures. Some physiological and pathological correlates are mentioned, but this is primarily an anatomical account. References are provided for further reading ...
... In this paper, I attempt to explain the positions of the parts of the normal human temporal lobe in relation to one another and to nearby structures. Some physiological and pathological correlates are mentioned, but this is primarily an anatomical account. References are provided for further reading ...
Functional Microarchitecture of Cat Primary Visual Cortex
... more clustered than would be expected from a random distribution. However, preferred phase, direction selectivity, relative modulation (F1/DC), and spatial frequency preference and tuning width showed no such clustering. By investigating the temporal patterns of neighbouring neurons in response to m ...
... more clustered than would be expected from a random distribution. However, preferred phase, direction selectivity, relative modulation (F1/DC), and spatial frequency preference and tuning width showed no such clustering. By investigating the temporal patterns of neighbouring neurons in response to m ...
Review Article Type 3 adenylyl cyclase: a key enzyme mediating the
... Abstract: Cilia are rigid, centriole-derived, microtubule-based organelles present in a majority of vertebrate cells including neurons. They are considered the cellular “antennae” attuned for detecting a range of extracellular signals including photons, odorants, morphogens, hormones and mechanical ...
... Abstract: Cilia are rigid, centriole-derived, microtubule-based organelles present in a majority of vertebrate cells including neurons. They are considered the cellular “antennae” attuned for detecting a range of extracellular signals including photons, odorants, morphogens, hormones and mechanical ...
Independent Functions of Slit–Robo Repulsion and Netrin– Frazzled
... Figure 1. fra, robo double-mutant embryos display a combination of single-mutant phenotypes. For all panels, anterior is up. Arrows represent longitudinal breaks, arrowheads represent thinning of commissures, feathered arrowheads represent condensed/fused commissures, and asterisks represent segment ...
... Figure 1. fra, robo double-mutant embryos display a combination of single-mutant phenotypes. For all panels, anterior is up. Arrows represent longitudinal breaks, arrowheads represent thinning of commissures, feathered arrowheads represent condensed/fused commissures, and asterisks represent segment ...
Full Text
... (ALS), many strategies have been employed to elucidate the toxic properties of this ubiquitously expressed mutant protein, including the generation of GFP-SOD1 chimaeric proteins for studies in protein localization by direct visualization using fluorescence microscopy. However, little is known about ...
... (ALS), many strategies have been employed to elucidate the toxic properties of this ubiquitously expressed mutant protein, including the generation of GFP-SOD1 chimaeric proteins for studies in protein localization by direct visualization using fluorescence microscopy. However, little is known about ...
From movement to thought: Anatomic substrates of the cerebellar
... Now how are we going to explain that fact?” he wondered. ”One cannot help but feel that these intricate relay systems exert very subtle influences which, when withdrawn, produce no very obvious disturbances. But, if more critical studies were made, it perhaps might be easy, in some instances at leas ...
... Now how are we going to explain that fact?” he wondered. ”One cannot help but feel that these intricate relay systems exert very subtle influences which, when withdrawn, produce no very obvious disturbances. But, if more critical studies were made, it perhaps might be easy, in some instances at leas ...
Prefrontal Phase Locking to Hippocampal Theta Oscillations
... unit is normalized by its maximal value Zmax occurring at τmax, color coded, and displayed in a row. Rows are sorted by Zmax in descending order. Black and white dots indicate the location of τmax, and the color signiifies whether (black) or not (white) Zmax exceeded the significance threshold. The ...
... unit is normalized by its maximal value Zmax occurring at τmax, color coded, and displayed in a row. Rows are sorted by Zmax in descending order. Black and white dots indicate the location of τmax, and the color signiifies whether (black) or not (white) Zmax exceeded the significance threshold. The ...
Binary neurons and networks
... Hebb’s postulate When an axon of cell A is near enough to excite cell B and repeatedly or persistently takes part in firing it, some growth process or metabolic change takes place in one or both cells such that A's efficiency, as one of the cells firing B, is increased. (1949) Donald Hebb ...
... Hebb’s postulate When an axon of cell A is near enough to excite cell B and repeatedly or persistently takes part in firing it, some growth process or metabolic change takes place in one or both cells such that A's efficiency, as one of the cells firing B, is increased. (1949) Donald Hebb ...
Early and Rapid Targeting of Eye-Specific Axonal Projections to the
... optimal breeding day. This allows the gestational age of the fetus to be determined with an accuracy of ⫾2 d. E1 represents the 24 h after mating. The mean duration of gestation for M. fascilcularis (used here) and M. mulatta (the species used by Rakic) is 165 d. The ranges of gestation are reported ...
... optimal breeding day. This allows the gestational age of the fetus to be determined with an accuracy of ⫾2 d. E1 represents the 24 h after mating. The mean duration of gestation for M. fascilcularis (used here) and M. mulatta (the species used by Rakic) is 165 d. The ranges of gestation are reported ...
ABSTRACT The Auditory Brainstem Response: History and Future
... Introduction and Overview of the Auditory Brainstem Response The brain is a complex and intricately formed part of the human body. It enables people to perform a multitude of diverse actions daily. The brain is the command center of the body, analyzing and synthesizing sensory information to make an ...
... Introduction and Overview of the Auditory Brainstem Response The brain is a complex and intricately formed part of the human body. It enables people to perform a multitude of diverse actions daily. The brain is the command center of the body, analyzing and synthesizing sensory information to make an ...
Nicotine injections into the ventral tegmental area increase
... pretreatment with the drug. Furthermore, administration of nicotine either systemically, or locally within the ventral tegmental area (VTA), increases extracellular levels of dopamine (DAY in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). In the present study, we examined the effect of local, bilateral injections int ...
... pretreatment with the drug. Furthermore, administration of nicotine either systemically, or locally within the ventral tegmental area (VTA), increases extracellular levels of dopamine (DAY in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). In the present study, we examined the effect of local, bilateral injections int ...
Thalamocortical neuron loss and localized astrocytosis in the Cln3
... 1999). The deletion of BTN1 results in a reduced vacuolar pH during early growth (Pearce et al., 1999), and influences the transport of basic amino acids into the vacuole (Kim et al., 2003), suggesting that Btn1p may play a role in pH homeostasis. Detailed quantitative information about neuropatholo ...
... 1999). The deletion of BTN1 results in a reduced vacuolar pH during early growth (Pearce et al., 1999), and influences the transport of basic amino acids into the vacuole (Kim et al., 2003), suggesting that Btn1p may play a role in pH homeostasis. Detailed quantitative information about neuropatholo ...
Corpus Callosum
... corpus callosum function definition anatomy body maps - the brain is divided into the right and left hemisphere and the two halves are connected by the corpus callosum this bundle of nerve tissue contains over 200, corpus callosum and brain function thoughtco - corpus callosum location directionally ...
... corpus callosum function definition anatomy body maps - the brain is divided into the right and left hemisphere and the two halves are connected by the corpus callosum this bundle of nerve tissue contains over 200, corpus callosum and brain function thoughtco - corpus callosum location directionally ...
Might the olfactory bulb be an origin of olfactory auras in focal
... the term neonate, with regard to expression of specific neuronal maturational proteins, synaptogenesis, myelination, and postnatal involution of the olfactory ventricular recess from the lateral ventricle (Sarnat and Yu, 2016). The olfactory epithelium of the upper respiratory cavities also remains i ...
... the term neonate, with regard to expression of specific neuronal maturational proteins, synaptogenesis, myelination, and postnatal involution of the olfactory ventricular recess from the lateral ventricle (Sarnat and Yu, 2016). The olfactory epithelium of the upper respiratory cavities also remains i ...
CRANIAL NERVES: Functional Anatomy
... to XII to the brain stem (midbrain, pons and medulla). The three enlargements of the neural tube from which the brain develops are as follows: Forebrain, further subdivided into two components: telencephalon (the cerebral hemispheres) and diencephalon (the thalamic structures surrounding the third v ...
... to XII to the brain stem (midbrain, pons and medulla). The three enlargements of the neural tube from which the brain develops are as follows: Forebrain, further subdivided into two components: telencephalon (the cerebral hemispheres) and diencephalon (the thalamic structures surrounding the third v ...
Neuroanatomy
Neuroanatomy is the study of the anatomy and stereotyped organization of nervous systems. In contrast to animals with radial symmetry, whose nervous system consists of a distributed network of cells, animals with bilateral symmetry have segregated, defined nervous systems, and thus we can make much more precise statements about their neuroanatomy. In vertebrates, the nervous system is segregated into the internal structure of the brain and spinal cord (together called the central nervous system, or CNS) and the routes of the nerves that connect to the rest of the body (known as the peripheral nervous system, or PNS). The delineation of distinct structures and regions of the nervous system has been critical in investigating how it works. For example, much of what neuroscientists have learned comes from observing how damage or ""lesions"" to specific brain areas affects behavior or other neural functions.For information about the composition of animal nervous systems, see nervous system. For information about the typical structure of the human nervous system, see human brain or peripheral nervous system. This article discusses information pertinent to the study of neuroanatomy.