Grand Challenges in Geodynamics
... existence to the interplay between complex material behavior, dynamics, and Earth structure. Lastly, geodynamics relies very heavily on field data, in addition to laboratory data. Often this field data is acquired remotely, from satellite, shipboard, seismic, or astronomical measurements for example ...
... existence to the interplay between complex material behavior, dynamics, and Earth structure. Lastly, geodynamics relies very heavily on field data, in addition to laboratory data. Often this field data is acquired remotely, from satellite, shipboard, seismic, or astronomical measurements for example ...
Author`s Personal Copy
... the Balkans of a sharp velocity discontinuity a few tens of kilometers below the earth's surface. In the course of later seismological studies, this discontinuity was shown to mark a fundamental boundary separating the earth's crust and upper mantle. During the past decade, studies of upper mantle v ...
... the Balkans of a sharp velocity discontinuity a few tens of kilometers below the earth's surface. In the course of later seismological studies, this discontinuity was shown to mark a fundamental boundary separating the earth's crust and upper mantle. During the past decade, studies of upper mantle v ...
Reed Switch Application Notes
... Several factors affect the magnetic coupling between the reed switch and the magnet. These factors include but are not limited to switch modification, neighboring ferrous components, magnet-toswitch orientation, and magnet motion. To solve a specific problem with a magnet motion and reed switch acti ...
... Several factors affect the magnetic coupling between the reed switch and the magnet. These factors include but are not limited to switch modification, neighboring ferrous components, magnet-toswitch orientation, and magnet motion. To solve a specific problem with a magnet motion and reed switch acti ...
The Oceanic Lithosphere
... interaction, chronology of volcanic events, among other processes. Bathymetry and seafloor structure.Bathymetry and acoustic images (sonar) provide information on the tectonic structure, distribution of lava flows and other geological features, thermal subsidence, etc. Ship-mounted systems allow for ...
... interaction, chronology of volcanic events, among other processes. Bathymetry and seafloor structure.Bathymetry and acoustic images (sonar) provide information on the tectonic structure, distribution of lava flows and other geological features, thermal subsidence, etc. Ship-mounted systems allow for ...
Anisotropy of the flexural response of the lithosphere in the
... (isotropic) elastic thickness (Te) in the Canadian Shield with the maximum entropy method (MEM) because of its high spatial resolution [Audet and Mareschal, 2004]. In this study, we use the same gravity and topography data as previously to calculate the 2-D coherence with the MTM and detect flexural ...
... (isotropic) elastic thickness (Te) in the Canadian Shield with the maximum entropy method (MEM) because of its high spatial resolution [Audet and Mareschal, 2004]. In this study, we use the same gravity and topography data as previously to calculate the 2-D coherence with the MTM and detect flexural ...
2.3. New Zealand – Primary Site 1. Background and Motivation
... (some uniquely so). The Puysegur subduction zone initiated about 12 million years ago and was associated with profound vertical motions across the shoreline (for example driving the uplift that ultimately led to the spectacular Fiordland landscape). The youth of the geological structure, the lack of ...
... (some uniquely so). The Puysegur subduction zone initiated about 12 million years ago and was associated with profound vertical motions across the shoreline (for example driving the uplift that ultimately led to the spectacular Fiordland landscape). The youth of the geological structure, the lack of ...
Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems Supporting Information for
... Rurutu hotspot lavas and are shifted toward an EM1 component; D44-HIMU lavas plot below the shallow array formed by Samoan lavas. Uo Mamae hosts a clear EM1 signature [e.g., Pearce et al. 2007; Regelous et al. 2008] that also plots below the Samoan array (at lower 143Nd/144Nd for a given 87Sr/86Sr) ...
... Rurutu hotspot lavas and are shifted toward an EM1 component; D44-HIMU lavas plot below the shallow array formed by Samoan lavas. Uo Mamae hosts a clear EM1 signature [e.g., Pearce et al. 2007; Regelous et al. 2008] that also plots below the Samoan array (at lower 143Nd/144Nd for a given 87Sr/86Sr) ...
Palaeocene–Recent plate boundaries in the NE Atlantic and the
... the opening of the Greenland, Norwegian and south of Iceland oceanic basins and recognized that the mismatch of these domains might require additional plate boundaries. The latter study suggested that the Jan Mayen microcontinent was part of Greenland during most of the Norwegian–Greenland Sea openi ...
... the opening of the Greenland, Norwegian and south of Iceland oceanic basins and recognized that the mismatch of these domains might require additional plate boundaries. The latter study suggested that the Jan Mayen microcontinent was part of Greenland during most of the Norwegian–Greenland Sea openi ...
Electromagnetic toroidal excitations in matter and free space
... toroidal dipole emits radiation with the same angular momentum and parity properties as the former 5,14, and therefore the two multipoles cannot be distinguished by a distant observer. Nevertheless, the toroidal dipole emission presents a distinct frequency dependence, and in the harmonic case where ...
... toroidal dipole emits radiation with the same angular momentum and parity properties as the former 5,14, and therefore the two multipoles cannot be distinguished by a distant observer. Nevertheless, the toroidal dipole emission presents a distinct frequency dependence, and in the harmonic case where ...
Detailed rupture imaging of the 25 April 2015 Nepal earthquake
... The rupture velocity varies among the three stages. The earthquake had a slow start; assuming the Stage 1 rupture followed the path indicated in Figure 2, the average rupture velocity is ∼2 km/s. In Stage 2, the distance between the peak energy bursts of 25–30 s and 30–35 s is ∼46 km. If the rupture ...
... The rupture velocity varies among the three stages. The earthquake had a slow start; assuming the Stage 1 rupture followed the path indicated in Figure 2, the average rupture velocity is ∼2 km/s. In Stage 2, the distance between the peak energy bursts of 25–30 s and 30–35 s is ∼46 km. If the rupture ...
Moho map of South America from receiver functions and surface
... these boundaries are somewhat arbitrary, and since relatively few data are available for some of the stations used for this study, we include events which are closer than 30°. Similarly, we do not impose any restrictions on earthquake magnitude to select events for RF analysis (Figure 2). [7] We use ...
... these boundaries are somewhat arbitrary, and since relatively few data are available for some of the stations used for this study, we include events which are closer than 30°. Similarly, we do not impose any restrictions on earthquake magnitude to select events for RF analysis (Figure 2). [7] We use ...
Earthquakes: Basic Principles
... earthquakes. The scale ascribes to each earthquake a number, called the earthquake magnitude, which is also an index of the energy released at the source of that earthquake. The magnitude is defined as the logarithm of the maximum amplitude of the signal that is traced on a standard seismograph loca ...
... earthquakes. The scale ascribes to each earthquake a number, called the earthquake magnitude, which is also an index of the energy released at the source of that earthquake. The magnitude is defined as the logarithm of the maximum amplitude of the signal that is traced on a standard seismograph loca ...
The viscosity of Earthв€™s lower mantle inferred from sinking speed
... model of the mantle evolution to track the subducting slabs. A detailed description of the governing equations and numerical method is given in Čížková et al. (2007). The 2-D model domain is a rectangular box with the depth of the mantle (2900 km) and width of 10,000 km. We have a 5000 km long sub ...
... model of the mantle evolution to track the subducting slabs. A detailed description of the governing equations and numerical method is given in Čížková et al. (2007). The 2-D model domain is a rectangular box with the depth of the mantle (2900 km) and width of 10,000 km. We have a 5000 km long sub ...
Correlated geophysical, geochemical, and volcanological
... [Schilling, 1991; Ito and Lin, 1995a]. Characterizing the distinctive gradients in geophysical and geochemical anomalies along plume-influenced ridges can help elucidate mantle processes such as mantle flow, source mixing, decompression melting, and melt migration in ways that are not possible along ...
... [Schilling, 1991; Ito and Lin, 1995a]. Characterizing the distinctive gradients in geophysical and geochemical anomalies along plume-influenced ridges can help elucidate mantle processes such as mantle flow, source mixing, decompression melting, and melt migration in ways that are not possible along ...
Microseismicity of the ultraslow-spreading Gakkel ridge
... about 12.5 to 6 mm yr−1 from west to east. Geological models of seafloor spreading predict a decreasing intensity of magmatic processes with decreasing spreading rate. In summer 2001, the multidisciplinary Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge Expedition (AMORE2001) discovered robust magmatism at western Gakkel ri ...
... about 12.5 to 6 mm yr−1 from west to east. Geological models of seafloor spreading predict a decreasing intensity of magmatic processes with decreasing spreading rate. In summer 2001, the multidisciplinary Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge Expedition (AMORE2001) discovered robust magmatism at western Gakkel ri ...
Zha, Y., S. C. Webb, S. S. Wei, D. A. Wiens, D. K. Blackman, W
... The Lau Basin displays large along-strike variations in ridge characters with the changing proximity of the adjacent subduction zone. The mechanism governing these changes is not well understood but one hypotheses relates them to interaction between the arc and back-arc magmatic systems. We present ...
... The Lau Basin displays large along-strike variations in ridge characters with the changing proximity of the adjacent subduction zone. The mechanism governing these changes is not well understood but one hypotheses relates them to interaction between the arc and back-arc magmatic systems. We present ...
Geodynamics of the South China Sea
... http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2016.02.022 0040-1951/© 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ...
... http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2016.02.022 0040-1951/© 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ...
From seismic noise to ocean wave parameters
... the noise sources and thus the locations where sea state parameters may be retrieved. However, this kind of model does not include three-dimensional seismic propagation effect and may fail to explain the noise recorded at some seismic stations. In particular, it is important to recognize that severa ...
... the noise sources and thus the locations where sea state parameters may be retrieved. However, this kind of model does not include three-dimensional seismic propagation effect and may fail to explain the noise recorded at some seismic stations. In particular, it is important to recognize that severa ...
Title Glossary of interest to earthquake and engineering
... amplification (by seismograph) Most earthquakes are relatively small, in fact, so small that no one feels them. In order for seismologists to see the recording of the ground movement from smaller earthquakes, the recording has to be made larger. Modern seismographs are able to magnify the ground mot ...
... amplification (by seismograph) Most earthquakes are relatively small, in fact, so small that no one feels them. In order for seismologists to see the recording of the ground movement from smaller earthquakes, the recording has to be made larger. Modern seismographs are able to magnify the ground mot ...
Magnetotellurics
Magnetotellurics (MT) is an electromagnetic geophysical method for inferring the earth's subsurface electrical conductivity from measurements of natural geomagnetic and geoelectric field variation at the Earth's surface. Investigation depth ranges from 300m below ground by recording higher frequencies down to 10,000m or deeper with long-period soundings. Developed in the USSR and France during the 1950s, MT is now an international academic discipline and is used in exploration surveys around the world. Commercial uses include hydrocarbon (oil and gas) exploration, geothermal exploration, mining exploration, as well as hydrocarbon and groundwater monitoring. Research applications include experimentation to further develop the MT technique, long-period deep crustal exploration, and earthquake precursor prediction research.