primary argument case-marking in baltic and finnic
... contexts that would call for the partitive in Standard Finnish (Ojajärvi 1950: 40–42). The use of the genitive object in Baltic can be divided in two categories: partitive (and in that group, the closely related genitive of negation) and ablative. Some IE languages (Indo-Iranian and partly ancient ...
... contexts that would call for the partitive in Standard Finnish (Ojajärvi 1950: 40–42). The use of the genitive object in Baltic can be divided in two categories: partitive (and in that group, the closely related genitive of negation) and ablative. Some IE languages (Indo-Iranian and partly ancient ...
учебно-методический комплекс
... the construction whereby a passive infinitive directly follows a passive verb Double passives are more acceptable when used in a reporting context. It is better to avoid the passive form of the verb as much as possible as it tends to convey a weak approach by the individual writing it. See:
... the construction whereby a passive infinitive directly follows a passive verb Double passives are more acceptable when used in a reporting context. It is better to avoid the passive form of the verb as much as possible as it tends to convey a weak approach by the individual writing it. See:
Rule 3 - The English Spelling Society
... be used to simplify th endng of words like TO effervesce (givng *efrvess—se Rule 1, C.3, for furthr discussion of this possbility) and to distinguish voiceless from voiced final -SE (perhaps contrastng *geess/chese—se Rule 1, A.2.2.2, for furthr discussion). Such extendd uses of SS ar howevr not con ...
... be used to simplify th endng of words like TO effervesce (givng *efrvess—se Rule 1, C.3, for furthr discussion of this possbility) and to distinguish voiceless from voiced final -SE (perhaps contrastng *geess/chese—se Rule 1, A.2.2.2, for furthr discussion). Such extendd uses of SS ar howevr not con ...
Automatic grouping of morphologically related collocations
... the third row of the parsing output (cf. Figure 6, e.g. Patente - patents). The morphological analysis will later allow us to identify which of these nouns are in fact compounds and which of them are not. The extraction of collocations is slightly more complicated. We implemented a series of PERL sc ...
... the third row of the parsing output (cf. Figure 6, e.g. Patente - patents). The morphological analysis will later allow us to identify which of these nouns are in fact compounds and which of them are not. The extraction of collocations is slightly more complicated. We implemented a series of PERL sc ...
ER.July29infl JASuggestions2
... hypothesized that INFL requires deictic substantive content, i.e., content whose denotation is determined by context, including not only tense, but also location and person. This hypothesis was informed by our analysis of INFL as specified for location in Halkomelem and for person in Blackfoot. We r ...
... hypothesized that INFL requires deictic substantive content, i.e., content whose denotation is determined by context, including not only tense, but also location and person. This hypothesis was informed by our analysis of INFL as specified for location in Halkomelem and for person in Blackfoot. We r ...
The Marshallese Complemetizer Phrase
... However, as might be anticipated, the subject position may only be empty when the subject is clear to the speaker and listener; both parties need to understand who "they" are in sentence (10) in order for it to lack a subject. It should be noted that it is unclear whether or not these subject marker ...
... However, as might be anticipated, the subject position may only be empty when the subject is clear to the speaker and listener; both parties need to understand who "they" are in sentence (10) in order for it to lack a subject. It should be noted that it is unclear whether or not these subject marker ...
This article is an overview of the current state of
... a) Proper inclusion: Frieda is a teacher. b) Equation: He is my father. c) Attribution: John is tall. d) Location: The book is on the table. e) Existence: There is a book on the table. f) Possession: Sally has nineteen cats. / The book is John's. The clauses expressing possession can be further divi ...
... a) Proper inclusion: Frieda is a teacher. b) Equation: He is my father. c) Attribution: John is tall. d) Location: The book is on the table. e) Existence: There is a book on the table. f) Possession: Sally has nineteen cats. / The book is John's. The clauses expressing possession can be further divi ...
UNIVERSITY OF VAASA Faculty of Philosophy English
... No systematic study particularly on website translation has previously been conducted. Scholars such as Yves Gambier, Aline Remael and J. Ritter Werner have studied multimedia translation in the book (Multi)Media Translation: Concepts, Practices and Research (2001), but multimedia translation is see ...
... No systematic study particularly on website translation has previously been conducted. Scholars such as Yves Gambier, Aline Remael and J. Ritter Werner have studied multimedia translation in the book (Multi)Media Translation: Concepts, Practices and Research (2001), but multimedia translation is see ...
Morpho I-2 Morphological Analysis
... subsystems of forms and form-systems and of rules for and constraints on constructions that enable people to speak and understand a language (or, more commonly, several languages – any language they are exposed to, really, when this exposure occurs at the right time of a person's life). ...
... subsystems of forms and form-systems and of rules for and constraints on constructions that enable people to speak and understand a language (or, more commonly, several languages – any language they are exposed to, really, when this exposure occurs at the right time of a person's life). ...
Agreement Morphology, Argument Structure and Syntax
... This book is about the interaction of morphology, semantics and syntax. It presents to our knowledge the first theory that integrates all three of them in a substantial and explicit way. The basic idea is very simple. When we put together two units into a one, be they morphological units or syntacti ...
... This book is about the interaction of morphology, semantics and syntax. It presents to our knowledge the first theory that integrates all three of them in a substantial and explicit way. The basic idea is very simple. When we put together two units into a one, be they morphological units or syntacti ...
Existential Sentences Cross-Linguistically - e
... used in any given language is a function of the existing resources in that language and will vary accordingly in their syntactic analysis. In this sense non-canonicity is crucial: to be non-canonical presupposes that there is something canonical. Since what is canonical differs from language to lan ...
... used in any given language is a function of the existing resources in that language and will vary accordingly in their syntactic analysis. In this sense non-canonicity is crucial: to be non-canonical presupposes that there is something canonical. Since what is canonical differs from language to lan ...
MACHINE TRANSLATION An Introductory Guide
... which we call the transformer architecture. Though now somewhat old hat as regards the research community, this is still the design used in most commercial MT systems. In the second part of the chapter, we describe approaches which involve more extensive and sophisticated kinds of linguistic knowled ...
... which we call the transformer architecture. Though now somewhat old hat as regards the research community, this is still the design used in most commercial MT systems. In the second part of the chapter, we describe approaches which involve more extensive and sophisticated kinds of linguistic knowled ...
Oliver Strunk: The Elements of Style
... THE FIRST writer I watched at work was my stepfather, E. B. White. Each Tuesday morning, he would close his study door and sit down to write the "Notes and Comment" page for The New Yorker. The task was familiar to him — he was required to file a few hundred words of editorial or personal commentary ...
... THE FIRST writer I watched at work was my stepfather, E. B. White. Each Tuesday morning, he would close his study door and sit down to write the "Notes and Comment" page for The New Yorker. The task was familiar to him — he was required to file a few hundred words of editorial or personal commentary ...
Slavic prefixes inside and outside VP
... away boat ‘from the boat’ v lodku in boat ‘into the boat’ ...
... away boat ‘from the boat’ v lodku in boat ‘into the boat’ ...
Understanding Natural Language - Department of Information and
... though we used the robot as our test area, the language programs do not depend on any special subject matter, and they have been adapted to other uses. The second goal is gaining a better understanding of what language is and how it is put together. To write a program we need to make all of our know ...
... though we used the robot as our test area, the language programs do not depend on any special subject matter, and they have been adapted to other uses. The second goal is gaining a better understanding of what language is and how it is put together. To write a program we need to make all of our know ...
A Simple Syntax for Complex Semantics
... The task of computational semantics cannot be but complex because its ultimate aim is to model how human-machine communications are carried out by means of natural language. That of syntax can, however, be made simple at both the structural and the procedural level. The proposed syntactic module KoS ...
... The task of computational semantics cannot be but complex because its ultimate aim is to model how human-machine communications are carried out by means of natural language. That of syntax can, however, be made simple at both the structural and the procedural level. The proposed syntactic module KoS ...
Towards a Standard for the Creation of Lexica
... thorough approach as EAGLES, there is still room for different interpretations within the “standard”. Certain sorts of information can be arranged in various ways, possibly without detriment to the value of the lexicon to particular users. For example whilst for the major word classes (verb, noun) t ...
... thorough approach as EAGLES, there is still room for different interpretations within the “standard”. Certain sorts of information can be arranged in various ways, possibly without detriment to the value of the lexicon to particular users. For example whilst for the major word classes (verb, noun) t ...
JWodern English and lts 1-ieritage
... together into phrases and sentences;~in short, the language itself. Every modern language has a history, but in this book we shall deal mainly with our English heritage, the "English" being taken to mean the language spoken and written not only throughout the British Commonwealth, but also in the Un ...
... together into phrases and sentences;~in short, the language itself. Every modern language has a history, but in this book we shall deal mainly with our English heritage, the "English" being taken to mean the language spoken and written not only throughout the British Commonwealth, but also in the Un ...
An Incremental Procedural Grammar for Sentence Formulation
... (le)). If the tree formation component would only have access to conceptual representations, so that the differing lexical properties of the English verbs want and know were out of reach, then there would be no basis for deciding between finite versus infinitival complement clauses. On the other han ...
... (le)). If the tree formation component would only have access to conceptual representations, so that the differing lexical properties of the English verbs want and know were out of reach, then there would be no basis for deciding between finite versus infinitival complement clauses. On the other han ...
An Incremental Proceduml Grammar for Sentence Formulation GERARD KEMPEN
... (le)). If the tree formation component would only have access to conceptual representations, so that the differing lexical properties of the English verbs want and know were out of reach, then there would be no basis for deciding between finite versus infinitival complement clauses. On the other han ...
... (le)). If the tree formation component would only have access to conceptual representations, so that the differing lexical properties of the English verbs want and know were out of reach, then there would be no basis for deciding between finite versus infinitival complement clauses. On the other han ...
IsiXhosa Style Guide - Center
... This part of the style guide contains information about standards specific to IsiXhosa. ...
... This part of the style guide contains information about standards specific to IsiXhosa. ...
DRAFT AUSTRALIAN CURRICULUM: LANGUAGES – LATIN
... Students are beginning their study of Latin and typically have little prior knowledge and understanding of the language and ancient Roman history and culture. Many will have learnt a different language in primary school, while some will have proficiency in different home languages and bring existing ...
... Students are beginning their study of Latin and typically have little prior knowledge and understanding of the language and ancient Roman history and culture. Many will have learnt a different language in primary school, while some will have proficiency in different home languages and bring existing ...
A Comparative Study of the Globally Ambiguous
... sentence decoding of the above-mentioned kind has to be processed one by one in order of “1-2-3-4-5”. The followings are the sentences of this kind of data structures. Sentence 4: The new singers record the song. Sentence 5: The old women sail the boat. Sentence 6: The building window reflects the s ...
... sentence decoding of the above-mentioned kind has to be processed one by one in order of “1-2-3-4-5”. The followings are the sentences of this kind of data structures. Sentence 4: The new singers record the song. Sentence 5: The old women sail the boat. Sentence 6: The building window reflects the s ...
4. Categorizing and Tagging Words
... frequently modifies verbs. We also assumed that you knew that words such as was, called and appears are all verbs, and that you knew that often is an adverb. In fact, we take it for granted that most people have a rough idea about how to group words into different categories. There is a long traditi ...
... frequently modifies verbs. We also assumed that you knew that words such as was, called and appears are all verbs, and that you knew that often is an adverb. In fact, we take it for granted that most people have a rough idea about how to group words into different categories. There is a long traditi ...
Agglutination
Agglutination is a process in linguistic morphology derivation in which complex words are formed by stringing together morphemes without changing them in spelling or phonetics. Languages that use agglutination widely are called agglutinative languages. An example of such a language is Turkish, where for example, the word evlerinizden, or ""from your houses,"" consists of the morphemes, ev-ler-iniz-den with the meanings house-plural-your-from.Agglutinative languages are often contrasted both with languages in which syntactic structure is expressed solely by means of word order and auxiliary words (isolating languages) and with languages in which a single affix typically expresses several syntactic categories and a single category may be expressed by several different affixes (as is the case in inflectional (fusional) languages). However, both fusional and isolating languages may use agglutination in the most-often-used constructs, and use agglutination heavily in certain contexts, such as word derivation. This is the case in English, which has an agglutinated plural marker -(e)s and derived words such as shame·less·ness.Agglutinative suffixes are often inserted irrespective of syllabic boundaries, for example, by adding a consonant to the syllable coda as in English tie – ties. Agglutinative languages also have large inventories of enclitics, which can be and are separated from the word root by native speakers in daily usage.Note that the term agglutination is sometimes used more generally to refer to the morphological process of adding suffixes or other morphemes to the base of a word. This is treated in more detail in the section on other uses of the term.