Wildlife Benefits from Conservation Tillage
... species of wildlife, though translating these benefits into increased species population density or community diversity has only rarely been accomplished. The engineering, chemical, and application technologies of conservation tillage are dynamic; we can expect a significant lag between the developm ...
... species of wildlife, though translating these benefits into increased species population density or community diversity has only rarely been accomplished. The engineering, chemical, and application technologies of conservation tillage are dynamic; we can expect a significant lag between the developm ...
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in Agroecosystems
... biomes and account for approximately 40% of the Earth's surface (Foley et al., 2005). Second, increases in food and fiber production have often been achieved at the cost of other critical services. The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005) reported that approximately 60% (15 out of 24) of services m ...
... biomes and account for approximately 40% of the Earth's surface (Foley et al., 2005). Second, increases in food and fiber production have often been achieved at the cost of other critical services. The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005) reported that approximately 60% (15 out of 24) of services m ...
Room for Sustainable Agriculture - Council for the Environment and
... Consumers assign increasing importance to the composition, quality and source of food, with ever-greater emphasis placed on the right nutrients. In addition, there is the social concern about declining biodiversity and changing landscapes. The conditions society applies to agricultural products and ...
... Consumers assign increasing importance to the composition, quality and source of food, with ever-greater emphasis placed on the right nutrients. In addition, there is the social concern about declining biodiversity and changing landscapes. The conditions society applies to agricultural products and ...
Agroecology and the Search for a Truly Sustainable Agriculture
... millenary examples of successful forms of community-based local agriculture. These microcosms of traditional agriculture offer promising models for other areas as they promote biodiversity, thrive without agrochemicals, and sustain year-round yields. Such systems have fed much of the world for centu ...
... millenary examples of successful forms of community-based local agriculture. These microcosms of traditional agriculture offer promising models for other areas as they promote biodiversity, thrive without agrochemicals, and sustain year-round yields. Such systems have fed much of the world for centu ...
1.8 Arthropod Pest Management
... parasitic and parasitoid adaptive strategies (see descriptions below) and are “natural enemies”of agricultural pests. These “beneficial insects” may serve to effectively suppress the development of pest populations if habitat for these species is effectively managed. d) Summary: Organic growers and ...
... parasitic and parasitoid adaptive strategies (see descriptions below) and are “natural enemies”of agricultural pests. These “beneficial insects” may serve to effectively suppress the development of pest populations if habitat for these species is effectively managed. d) Summary: Organic growers and ...
Rethinking Swidden Cultivation in Myanmar
... 2 a fact known to cultivators globally for at least 5 centuries ...
... 2 a fact known to cultivators globally for at least 5 centuries ...
i1905e01
... Is another level of interaction placed between the ecosystem and the biosphere. A biome is a major ecological community or complex of communities, extending over a climatically and geographically defined area. There are two broad categories of biomes: aquatic and terrestrial. Biomes are defined by f ...
... Is another level of interaction placed between the ecosystem and the biosphere. A biome is a major ecological community or complex of communities, extending over a climatically and geographically defined area. There are two broad categories of biomes: aquatic and terrestrial. Biomes are defined by f ...
Bioenergy and Wildlife: Threats and Opportunities for Grassland Conservation
... are the primary species of management concern in grasslands at risk of conversion to bioenergy crops, and (b) there are limitations in the primary literature on potential impacts on other species. A continuum of effects on wildlife Bioenergy can be produced using a variety of feedstocks and methods. ...
... are the primary species of management concern in grasslands at risk of conversion to bioenergy crops, and (b) there are limitations in the primary literature on potential impacts on other species. A continuum of effects on wildlife Bioenergy can be produced using a variety of feedstocks and methods. ...
The landscape context of trophic interactions: insect spillover across
... of organisms across system boundaries is known to occur between different natural habitats as well as across the crop–noncrop interface. Several studies show how field boundaries can enhance predator populations invading arable crops and controlling pest populations. However, generalist arthropods ma ...
... of organisms across system boundaries is known to occur between different natural habitats as well as across the crop–noncrop interface. Several studies show how field boundaries can enhance predator populations invading arable crops and controlling pest populations. However, generalist arthropods ma ...
Managing for ecosystem services Lowland Agriculture
... Biodiversity: Strong Evidence:- The benefits to farmland birds of different types of field margin management were investigated in the UK2. While game cover crops and rotational setaside provided the best seed supply, other types of managed strips could also benefit birds, and even low diversity stri ...
... Biodiversity: Strong Evidence:- The benefits to farmland birds of different types of field margin management were investigated in the UK2. While game cover crops and rotational setaside provided the best seed supply, other types of managed strips could also benefit birds, and even low diversity stri ...
Chapter 11: Livestock Production
... lakes or streams, because it cannot be economically transported to replenish crop fields. When this occurs, the nutrients can cause eutrophication (rapid plant growth in water bodies), solids can create sedimentation, and organic material leads to oxygen depletion (BOD) of the water. Manure from mix ...
... lakes or streams, because it cannot be economically transported to replenish crop fields. When this occurs, the nutrients can cause eutrophication (rapid plant growth in water bodies), solids can create sedimentation, and organic material leads to oxygen depletion (BOD) of the water. Manure from mix ...
Macroinvertebrate Community Structure in Streams Affected By
... Cranberry farming is the most important form of agriculture in Cape Cod Ma. (Cape Cod Cranberry Growers Association). This study aims to assess the affect of conventional and organic cranberry farming practices on macroinvertebrate community structure in the waterways flowing through two active and ...
... Cranberry farming is the most important form of agriculture in Cape Cod Ma. (Cape Cod Cranberry Growers Association). This study aims to assess the affect of conventional and organic cranberry farming practices on macroinvertebrate community structure in the waterways flowing through two active and ...
Global Pollinator Decline: A Literature Review - GRID
... of Reading) says: "The economic value of pollination worldwide is thought to be between £30 and 70 billion each year" [i.e. 45 - 100 billions €]. Any loss in biodiversity is a matter of public concern, but losses of pollinating insects may be particularly troublesome because of the potential effects ...
... of Reading) says: "The economic value of pollination worldwide is thought to be between £30 and 70 billion each year" [i.e. 45 - 100 billions €]. Any loss in biodiversity is a matter of public concern, but losses of pollinating insects may be particularly troublesome because of the potential effects ...
Organic Farming and Marketing in the Region Brandenburg/Berlin
... • successor to the initiatives for sustainable developement in Zempow • main objective: Conservate natural resources by fostering organic agriculture contribute to the ecological evolution of the municipality • projects up to date: workshop together with German institute for urban affairs in ...
... • successor to the initiatives for sustainable developement in Zempow • main objective: Conservate natural resources by fostering organic agriculture contribute to the ecological evolution of the municipality • projects up to date: workshop together with German institute for urban affairs in ...
A comparison between conventional and organic farming practices 1
... grass had a significantly higher level of SOM compared to arable (p<0.05); and soil textural class where the clayey and silty soils had an improved level of SOM in relation to coarse and medium soils (p<0.05). This is due to the protective nature of the clayey soils which reduces the amount of decom ...
... grass had a significantly higher level of SOM compared to arable (p<0.05); and soil textural class where the clayey and silty soils had an improved level of SOM in relation to coarse and medium soils (p<0.05). This is due to the protective nature of the clayey soils which reduces the amount of decom ...
Chapter 10 Biological Productivity in the Ocean
... • Most fish production is equally divided between areas of upwelling and coastal waters. • Calculations suggest that the annual fish production is about 240 million tons/yr. ...
... • Most fish production is equally divided between areas of upwelling and coastal waters. • Calculations suggest that the annual fish production is about 240 million tons/yr. ...
Principles and Concepts of Pest Management, In
... Basic principles of Integrated Pest Management : 1.Consideration of Ecosystem : Control of insect pest population is a function of the ecosystem itself by means of natural enemies and other factors. Knowledge of the role of the principle elements of the units is essential to an understanding of pop ...
... Basic principles of Integrated Pest Management : 1.Consideration of Ecosystem : Control of insect pest population is a function of the ecosystem itself by means of natural enemies and other factors. Knowledge of the role of the principle elements of the units is essential to an understanding of pop ...
The effect of agricultural diversity and crop choice on
... 1. Given that approximately one-quarter of grasslands worldwide have been converted to agriculture, understanding the consequences of agricultural conversion for ecosystem functioning can provide insight into potential changes in the world’s most intensively managed biomes. The Great Plains of the U ...
... 1. Given that approximately one-quarter of grasslands worldwide have been converted to agriculture, understanding the consequences of agricultural conversion for ecosystem functioning can provide insight into potential changes in the world’s most intensively managed biomes. The Great Plains of the U ...
IMPACT OF PESTICIDES USED FOR CROP PRODUCTION ON
... * Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Lam, Guntur – 522 034 *Corresponding Author: Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Manufacturing and consumption of pesticides worldwide have been increasing dramatically in crop production. In this process pesticide ...
... * Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Lam, Guntur – 522 034 *Corresponding Author: Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Manufacturing and consumption of pesticides worldwide have been increasing dramatically in crop production. In this process pesticide ...
An Ecological Assessment of Insect Diversity at Organic Central
... Worldwide agricultural intensification is a serious global issue, causing severe degradation to ecosystems and driving biodiversity loss worldwide. With a growing world population and a global food supply projected to double by the year 2050, the need for sustainable agriculture as an antidote to th ...
... Worldwide agricultural intensification is a serious global issue, causing severe degradation to ecosystems and driving biodiversity loss worldwide. With a growing world population and a global food supply projected to double by the year 2050, the need for sustainable agriculture as an antidote to th ...
this PDF file - Journal of Pollination Ecology
... mistletoe, two seasonal cultural crops that are almost wholly dependent upon insect pollinators for the production of ornamental berries. Analyses of a time series of auction records spanning 11 years indicates that wholesale prices paid for holly with berries are twice those paid for the crop witho ...
... mistletoe, two seasonal cultural crops that are almost wholly dependent upon insect pollinators for the production of ornamental berries. Analyses of a time series of auction records spanning 11 years indicates that wholesale prices paid for holly with berries are twice those paid for the crop witho ...
Rewilding Abandoned Landscapes in Europe | SpringerLink
... their life quality and income prospects are higher there (EC 2008a; Keenleyside and Tucker 2010) resulting in the non-replacement of the aging population of European farmers. Following the decrease in the rural population, agricultural area in Europe is also expected to keep contracting (Figure 3), ...
... their life quality and income prospects are higher there (EC 2008a; Keenleyside and Tucker 2010) resulting in the non-replacement of the aging population of European farmers. Following the decrease in the rural population, agricultural area in Europe is also expected to keep contracting (Figure 3), ...
Access to land, livestock production and ecosystem
... sustainable grazing ecosystem use. The carrying capacity is the concept that has been used attempting to define the stocking rate in which the grazing pressure is supposed to be sustainable (Dikman, 1998). The basic principle is that each ecosystem has a potential to produce a certain amount of fora ...
... sustainable grazing ecosystem use. The carrying capacity is the concept that has been used attempting to define the stocking rate in which the grazing pressure is supposed to be sustainable (Dikman, 1998). The basic principle is that each ecosystem has a potential to produce a certain amount of fora ...
S1500087_en.pdf
... Observatory (2000), noted that consumers who buy agrifood products through short food supply chains value the freshness of the products, and knowing that the produce is picked on nearby farms shortly before being sold; moreover, they often are familiar with the land where the products are grown, and ...
... Observatory (2000), noted that consumers who buy agrifood products through short food supply chains value the freshness of the products, and knowing that the produce is picked on nearby farms shortly before being sold; moreover, they often are familiar with the land where the products are grown, and ...
Agriculture
Agriculture is the cultivation of animals, plants, fungi, and other life forms for food, fiber, biofuel, medicinal and other products used to sustain and enhance human life. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that nurtured the development of civilization. The study of agriculture is known as agricultural science. The history of agriculture dates back thousands of years, and its development has been driven and defined by greatly different climates, cultures, and technologies. However, all farming generally relies on techniques to expand and maintain the lands that are suitable for raising domesticated species. For plants, this usually requires some form of irrigation, although there are methods of dryland farming. Livestock are raised in a combination of grassland-based and landless systems, in an industry that covers almost one-third of the world's ice- and water-free area. In the developed world, industrial agriculture based on large-scale monoculture has become the dominant system of modern farming, although there is growing support for sustainable agriculture, including permaculture and organic agriculture.Until the Industrial Revolution, the vast majority of the human population labored in agriculture. Pre-industrial agriculture was typically subsistence agriculture/self-sufficiency in which farmers raised most of their crops for their own consumption instead of cash crops for trade. A remarkable shift in agricultural practices has occurred over the past century in response to new technologies and the development of world markets. This also has led to technological improvements in agricultural techniques such as the Haber-Bosch method for synthesizing ammonium nitrate which made the traditional practice of recycling nutrients with crop rotation and animal manure less important.Modern agronomy, plant breeding, agrochemicals such as pesticides and fertilizers, and technological improvements have sharply increased yields from cultivation, but at the same time have caused widespread ecological damage and negative human health effects. Selective breeding and modern practices in animal husbandry have similarly increased the output of meat, but have raised concerns about animal welfare and the health effects of the antibiotics, growth hormones, and other chemicals commonly used in industrial meat production. Genetically modified organisms are an increasing component of agriculture, although they are banned in several countries. Agricultural food production and water management are increasingly becoming global issues that are fostering debate on a number of fronts. Significant degradation of land and water resources, including the depletion of aquifers, has been observed in recent decades, and the effects of global warming on agriculture and of agriculture on global warming are still not fully understood.The major agricultural products can be broadly grouped into foods, fibers, fuels, and raw materials. Specific foods include cereals (grains), vegetables, fruits, oils, meats and spices. Fibers include cotton, wool, hemp, silk and flax. Raw materials include lumber and bamboo. Other useful materials are produced by plants, such as resins, dyes, drugs, perfumes, biofuels and ornamental products such as cut flowers and nursery plants. Over one third of the world's workers are employed in agriculture, second only to the services' sector, although the percentages of agricultural workers in developed countries has decreased significantly over the past several centuries.