Identification of the Human Erythrocyte Glucose Transporter (GLUT1
... facilitative glucose transporters selectively pump ...
... facilitative glucose transporters selectively pump ...
Chapter 5
... cell uses enzymes to destabilize and break down the sugar through a series of conversions into intermediate compounds. The basic process and enzymes involved are as follows. 1. Glucose is phosphorylated by hexokinase to make Glucose-6-Phosphate. The enzyme is so named because it is a kinase (puts a ...
... cell uses enzymes to destabilize and break down the sugar through a series of conversions into intermediate compounds. The basic process and enzymes involved are as follows. 1. Glucose is phosphorylated by hexokinase to make Glucose-6-Phosphate. The enzyme is so named because it is a kinase (puts a ...
BIOENERGETICS AND METABOLISM
... Every oxidation must be accompanied by a reduction, in which an electron acceptor acquires the electrons removed by oxidation. Oxidation reactions generally release energy (think of camp fires: the compounds in wood are oxidized by oxygen molecules in the air). Most living cells obtain the energy ne ...
... Every oxidation must be accompanied by a reduction, in which an electron acceptor acquires the electrons removed by oxidation. Oxidation reactions generally release energy (think of camp fires: the compounds in wood are oxidized by oxygen molecules in the air). Most living cells obtain the energy ne ...
Diabetes
... • Glucose entry into fat cells is insulin-dependent • The fat cell is the storage place for triglycerides • The pathway of taking triglycerides into the fat is promoted by insulin – In people with type 1 diabetes, insulin is not produced, so triglycerides are not taken into the fat cells • This expl ...
... • Glucose entry into fat cells is insulin-dependent • The fat cell is the storage place for triglycerides • The pathway of taking triglycerides into the fat is promoted by insulin – In people with type 1 diabetes, insulin is not produced, so triglycerides are not taken into the fat cells • This expl ...
01 - ALCA
... the person is), oxygen is depleted and is no longer there to accept the carbon. What does Pyruvic acid do if no oxygen is around? It gives up! It becomes a nasty molecule of Lactic Acid! Lactic acid is a ‘dead end’ molecule for muscles. Because no oxygen is available and the citric acid cycle isn’t ...
... the person is), oxygen is depleted and is no longer there to accept the carbon. What does Pyruvic acid do if no oxygen is around? It gives up! It becomes a nasty molecule of Lactic Acid! Lactic acid is a ‘dead end’ molecule for muscles. Because no oxygen is available and the citric acid cycle isn’t ...
Biochemistry - Textbooks Online
... Some important metabolic processes occur in the cytosol are glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, activation of amino acids and biosynthesis of fatty acids. Plant Cells Plant cells have cell wall made up of cellulose and the cytoplasm consists of big vacuoles and chloroplasts (Fig.1.11). ...
... Some important metabolic processes occur in the cytosol are glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, activation of amino acids and biosynthesis of fatty acids. Plant Cells Plant cells have cell wall made up of cellulose and the cytoplasm consists of big vacuoles and chloroplasts (Fig.1.11). ...
5 Molecular basis of type-2 diabetes
... During the fasting state these reservoirs are broken down to provide fuels. Energy reservoirs are built up and broken down in response of hormonal messages. In the fed state, coordination of insulin secretion by the pancreatic beta cells along with the responsiveness to insulin of major glucose meta ...
... During the fasting state these reservoirs are broken down to provide fuels. Energy reservoirs are built up and broken down in response of hormonal messages. In the fed state, coordination of insulin secretion by the pancreatic beta cells along with the responsiveness to insulin of major glucose meta ...
Glucose metabolic flux distribution of Lactobacillus amylophilus
... affects the decomposition of carbon source and the direction of metabolic synthesis. In L. amylophilus, NADPH is needed to provide the reducing power for biosynthesis and promote pyruvate production to synthesize cellular component material (amino acids, nucleotides and lipids among others) using gl ...
... affects the decomposition of carbon source and the direction of metabolic synthesis. In L. amylophilus, NADPH is needed to provide the reducing power for biosynthesis and promote pyruvate production to synthesize cellular component material (amino acids, nucleotides and lipids among others) using gl ...
... loss of hypoxic exposure. The purpose of the present study was to examine further the carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolic responses to acute hypoxia as well as the hormonal adaptations, using both normoxic controls and hypoxic experimental animals in the fasted state to standardize for the mar ...
Theoretical Approaches to the Evolutionary Optimization of Glycolysis
... where E, and k , are kinetic parameters of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction, S,-, and S5are the concentrations of the substrate and the product, respectively, and q, is the equilibrium constant of the reaction. If many molecules of ATP are produced, it implies a good exploitation of the fuel, but very ...
... where E, and k , are kinetic parameters of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction, S,-, and S5are the concentrations of the substrate and the product, respectively, and q, is the equilibrium constant of the reaction. If many molecules of ATP are produced, it implies a good exploitation of the fuel, but very ...
20 Insulin Secretion and Action
... diabetes syndromes and diabetes in some animal models. Defective expression of β-cell mitochondrial protein frataxin, a gene that is deficient in Friedreich ataxia, results in decreased β-cell proliferation and increased apoptosis in experimental mice, suggesting that the diabetes associated with Fr ...
... diabetes syndromes and diabetes in some animal models. Defective expression of β-cell mitochondrial protein frataxin, a gene that is deficient in Friedreich ataxia, results in decreased β-cell proliferation and increased apoptosis in experimental mice, suggesting that the diabetes associated with Fr ...
Pyruvic Acid and Formic Acid Metabolism in Sarcina
... total volume 2.8 ml.; 0.2 ml. 3 N-H,SO, in the second side arm; atmosphere air; temperature 30". For hydrogen production (H)Warburg flasks contained: 2 ml. 0.2 M-Na,HPO,/o-I M-citric acid buffer at the required pH; 40pmoles pyruvate (side arm); 1-9mg. bacterial protein; total volume 2.4 ml. ; 0.15 m ...
... total volume 2.8 ml.; 0.2 ml. 3 N-H,SO, in the second side arm; atmosphere air; temperature 30". For hydrogen production (H)Warburg flasks contained: 2 ml. 0.2 M-Na,HPO,/o-I M-citric acid buffer at the required pH; 40pmoles pyruvate (side arm); 1-9mg. bacterial protein; total volume 2.4 ml. ; 0.15 m ...
and Schizosaccharomyces pombe
... studies have shown that L-malate can be utilised by Candida utilis (CaÂssio and LeaÄo 1993), Candida sphaerica (CoÃrte-Real et al. 1989), Hansenula anomala (CoÃrteReal and LeaÄo 1990) and Kluyveromyces marxianus (Queiros et al. 1998) as their only source of carbon and energy. In these species, the d ...
... studies have shown that L-malate can be utilised by Candida utilis (CaÂssio and LeaÄo 1993), Candida sphaerica (CoÃrte-Real et al. 1989), Hansenula anomala (CoÃrteReal and LeaÄo 1990) and Kluyveromyces marxianus (Queiros et al. 1998) as their only source of carbon and energy. In these species, the d ...
Characterization of the mineral phosphate solubilizing activity of
... et al. 2006). Furthermore, the current developments in sustainability require a strong reduction in agrochemical inputs and their replacement by more ecological, eYcient and cheap natural products (Macias et al. 2003). For instance, insoluble inorganic phosphates including RP can be transformed into ...
... et al. 2006). Furthermore, the current developments in sustainability require a strong reduction in agrochemical inputs and their replacement by more ecological, eYcient and cheap natural products (Macias et al. 2003). For instance, insoluble inorganic phosphates including RP can be transformed into ...
Unit 20C Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
... Solar energy is the ultimate source of energy for most living things. As you saw in Chapter 2, organisms do not use this energy directly. Instead, photosynthetic organisms at the first trophic level in a food web (producers) capture solar energy and then store it as chemical energy in the bonds of g ...
... Solar energy is the ultimate source of energy for most living things. As you saw in Chapter 2, organisms do not use this energy directly. Instead, photosynthetic organisms at the first trophic level in a food web (producers) capture solar energy and then store it as chemical energy in the bonds of g ...
Nutrition Nutrient – a substance that promotes normal growth
... Complex carbohydrates (starches) are all derived from plants except for lactose (milk) and glycogen (small amounts from meat) ...
... Complex carbohydrates (starches) are all derived from plants except for lactose (milk) and glycogen (small amounts from meat) ...
Living organisms obtain energy by breaking down organic
... Some prokaryotes undergo aerobic respiration. ...
... Some prokaryotes undergo aerobic respiration. ...
Biochemistry - Text of NPTEL IIT Video Lectures
... Now this is the major reaction, what we have here is we have pyruvate. Pyruvate is CH3 CO COO minus that is pyruvate. We have here coenzymeA that is we will look at the structure in a moment, NAD plus this goes to NADH and we form acetyl CoA with the release of carbondioxide. The enzyme for this is ...
... Now this is the major reaction, what we have here is we have pyruvate. Pyruvate is CH3 CO COO minus that is pyruvate. We have here coenzymeA that is we will look at the structure in a moment, NAD plus this goes to NADH and we form acetyl CoA with the release of carbondioxide. The enzyme for this is ...
Metabolism
... • The disaccharides maltose, lactose, and sucrose are hydrolyzed to monosaccharides. • The monosaccharides enter the bloodstream for transport to the cells. Metabolism | # 2 ...
... • The disaccharides maltose, lactose, and sucrose are hydrolyzed to monosaccharides. • The monosaccharides enter the bloodstream for transport to the cells. Metabolism | # 2 ...
Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
... atoms. Compounds that can participate in exergonic reactions can act as fuels. With the help of enzymes, a cell systematically degrades complex organic molecules that are rich in potential energy to simpler waste products that have less energy. Some of the energy taken out of chemical storage can be ...
... atoms. Compounds that can participate in exergonic reactions can act as fuels. With the help of enzymes, a cell systematically degrades complex organic molecules that are rich in potential energy to simpler waste products that have less energy. Some of the energy taken out of chemical storage can be ...
Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
... atoms. Compounds that can participate in exergonic reactions can act as fuels. With the help of enzymes, a cell systematically degrades complex organic molecules that are rich in potential energy to simpler waste products that have less energy. Some of the energy taken out of chemical storage can be ...
... atoms. Compounds that can participate in exergonic reactions can act as fuels. With the help of enzymes, a cell systematically degrades complex organic molecules that are rich in potential energy to simpler waste products that have less energy. Some of the energy taken out of chemical storage can be ...
NAD - wwphs
... Enzymes (Cytochromes) and ATP synthase on membrane to shuttle electrons and protons NADH, FADH2 gives up the H H+ + e Electrons are passed through the membrane proteins and the energy released is used to transport the H to the outer membrane The gradient established is the force needed to allow the ...
... Enzymes (Cytochromes) and ATP synthase on membrane to shuttle electrons and protons NADH, FADH2 gives up the H H+ + e Electrons are passed through the membrane proteins and the energy released is used to transport the H to the outer membrane The gradient established is the force needed to allow the ...
(ATP). - WordPress.com
... Metabolic reactions take place at body temperature and physiological pH, which requires enzymes and often coenzymes. ...
... Metabolic reactions take place at body temperature and physiological pH, which requires enzymes and often coenzymes. ...
Excess portal venous long-chain fatty acids induce syndrome X via
... ments. Blood samples were withdrawn at time (t) ⫽ ⫺15, ⫺1, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min relative to the start of the infusion at t ⫽ 0. The infusion was terminated after sampling at t ⫽ 120 min. Blood pressure and HR were registered for 30 min before the start of the infusion, during infusion, ...
... ments. Blood samples were withdrawn at time (t) ⫽ ⫺15, ⫺1, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min relative to the start of the infusion at t ⫽ 0. The infusion was terminated after sampling at t ⫽ 120 min. Blood pressure and HR were registered for 30 min before the start of the infusion, during infusion, ...
Glucose
Glucose is a sugar with the molecular formula C6H12O6. The name ""glucose"" (/ˈɡluːkoʊs/) comes from the Greek word γλευκος, meaning ""sweet wine, must"". The suffix ""-ose"" is a chemical classifier, denoting a carbohydrate. It is also known as dextrose or grape sugar. With 6 carbon atoms, it is classed as a hexose, a sub-category of monosaccharides. α-D-glucose is one of the 16 aldose stereoisomers. The D-isomer (D-glucose) occurs widely in nature, but the L-isomer (L-glucose) does not. Glucose is made during photosynthesis from water and carbon dioxide, using energy from sunlight. The reverse of the photosynthesis reaction, which releases this energy, is a very important source of power for cellular respiration. Glucose is stored as a polymer, in plants as starch and in animals as glycogen.