Expression and activity of hexokinase in the early mouse embryo
... medium before being transferred into T6 medium (Whittingham, 1971) containing 5.5 mM glucose, 0.25 mM pyruvate and 2.5 mM lactate, and cultured under pre-equilibrated paraffin oil at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 in air. Extraction of poly (A)* mRNA mRNA was extracted from single preimpl ...
... medium before being transferred into T6 medium (Whittingham, 1971) containing 5.5 mM glucose, 0.25 mM pyruvate and 2.5 mM lactate, and cultured under pre-equilibrated paraffin oil at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 in air. Extraction of poly (A)* mRNA mRNA was extracted from single preimpl ...
Chapter 9
... The Pathway of Electron Transport • Electrons are transferred from NADH or FADH2 to the electron transport chain • Electrons are passed through a number of proteins including cytochromes (each with an iron atom) to O2 • The electron transport chain generates no ATP • The chain’s function is to brea ...
... The Pathway of Electron Transport • Electrons are transferred from NADH or FADH2 to the electron transport chain • Electrons are passed through a number of proteins including cytochromes (each with an iron atom) to O2 • The electron transport chain generates no ATP • The chain’s function is to brea ...
Adult Diabetes
... Prediabetes Practice Guidelines Prediabetes is hyperglycemia not sufficient to meet the diagnostic criteria for diabetes, but too high to be considered normal. Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and/or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) are associated with obesity, hypertension and dyslipidemia with high ...
... Prediabetes Practice Guidelines Prediabetes is hyperglycemia not sufficient to meet the diagnostic criteria for diabetes, but too high to be considered normal. Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and/or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) are associated with obesity, hypertension and dyslipidemia with high ...
Chapter 9 Notes
... • Catabolic pathways yield energy – Due to the transfer of electrons – Is controlled by allosteric enzymes at key points in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... • Catabolic pathways yield energy – Due to the transfer of electrons – Is controlled by allosteric enzymes at key points in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
Upgrading the Hemicellulosic Fraction of Biomass into Biofuel
... capable of fermenting pentose constituents. These efforts were met with varying degrees of success, especially in the case of industrial substrates. In this paper, we describe two other possible ways of using the hemicellulosic fraction, each of which may contribute to the economic viability of biof ...
... capable of fermenting pentose constituents. These efforts were met with varying degrees of success, especially in the case of industrial substrates. In this paper, we describe two other possible ways of using the hemicellulosic fraction, each of which may contribute to the economic viability of biof ...
Pancreatic Hormones and Insulin Receptor Agonists
... The bulk of the pancreas is an exocrine gland secreting pancreatic fluid into the duodenum after a meal. Inside the pancreas are millions of clusters of cells called islets of Langerhans. The islets are endocrine tissue containing four types of cells. In order of abundance, they are: beta cells, wh ...
... The bulk of the pancreas is an exocrine gland secreting pancreatic fluid into the duodenum after a meal. Inside the pancreas are millions of clusters of cells called islets of Langerhans. The islets are endocrine tissue containing four types of cells. In order of abundance, they are: beta cells, wh ...
THE LIVER AS AN ORGAN
... Bile salts are osmotic, and their secretion will draw water and then solutes (e.g., sodium chloride and HCO3 − ) from the cells; this process is called solvent drag and contributes to the buffering capacity of the bile when it enters the duodenum. After micelles are formed and the lipids are droppe ...
... Bile salts are osmotic, and their secretion will draw water and then solutes (e.g., sodium chloride and HCO3 − ) from the cells; this process is called solvent drag and contributes to the buffering capacity of the bile when it enters the duodenum. After micelles are formed and the lipids are droppe ...
Integrative Physiology Cardiac-Specific Deletion of Acetyl CoA
... with a buffer consisting of glucose and pyruvate as the substrates (Figure 4A). When the perfusate was switched to a buffer consisting of glucose, FA, and lactate, both MVO2 and contractile function, assessed by rate-pressure product (RPP), increased slightly in ACC2H⫺/⫺, although this was not stati ...
... with a buffer consisting of glucose and pyruvate as the substrates (Figure 4A). When the perfusate was switched to a buffer consisting of glucose, FA, and lactate, both MVO2 and contractile function, assessed by rate-pressure product (RPP), increased slightly in ACC2H⫺/⫺, although this was not stati ...
The b-oxidation pathway as an energy source
... Origin of mitochondria: the endosymbiont hypothesis The endosymbiont hypothesis suggests that mitochondria have evolved from anaerobic bacteria which were phagocytosed by eukaryote cells at the time oxygen appeared on earth, Similarities between mitochondria and bacteria include the presence of: • ...
... Origin of mitochondria: the endosymbiont hypothesis The endosymbiont hypothesis suggests that mitochondria have evolved from anaerobic bacteria which were phagocytosed by eukaryote cells at the time oxygen appeared on earth, Similarities between mitochondria and bacteria include the presence of: • ...
Sugar Metabolism in Yeasts: an Overview of Aerobic and Anaerobic
... Yeasts are ubiquitous unicellular fungi widespread in natural environments colonizing from terrestrial, to aerial to aquatic environments, where the successful colonization is intimately related to their physiological adaptability to a highly variable environment. The metabolic pathways of the centr ...
... Yeasts are ubiquitous unicellular fungi widespread in natural environments colonizing from terrestrial, to aerial to aquatic environments, where the successful colonization is intimately related to their physiological adaptability to a highly variable environment. The metabolic pathways of the centr ...
MethyZobaciZZus: a New Genus of Obligately Methylotrophic Bacteria
... 54.1 mol% guanine plus cytosine. Nitrogen-limited cells accumulate over 5% of their dry weight as a glycogen-like reserve material. This polysaccharide is a homoglucan which is similar to glycogen in its iodine-staining properties and its degree of degradation by phosphorylase a . Some of the glucos ...
... 54.1 mol% guanine plus cytosine. Nitrogen-limited cells accumulate over 5% of their dry weight as a glycogen-like reserve material. This polysaccharide is a homoglucan which is similar to glycogen in its iodine-staining properties and its degree of degradation by phosphorylase a . Some of the glucos ...
Cell Respiration Review 1
... glucose molecule is split into two (6) ________ molecules. Two energy-rich (7) ________ intermediate molecules form, and the net energy yield from one glucose molecule is two ATPs. In one kind of fermentation pathway, (8) ________ itself accepts hydrogen and electrons from NADH. Pyruvate is then con ...
... glucose molecule is split into two (6) ________ molecules. Two energy-rich (7) ________ intermediate molecules form, and the net energy yield from one glucose molecule is two ATPs. In one kind of fermentation pathway, (8) ________ itself accepts hydrogen and electrons from NADH. Pyruvate is then con ...
October 24 AP Biology - John D. O`Bryant School of Math & Science
... Glycolysis 2 ATP Kreb’s cycle 2 ATP Life takes a lot of energy to run, need to extract more energy than 4 ATP! There’s got to be a better way! ...
... Glycolysis 2 ATP Kreb’s cycle 2 ATP Life takes a lot of energy to run, need to extract more energy than 4 ATP! There’s got to be a better way! ...
ppt
... ETC: energy and electrons from NADH and FADH are used to pump H+ against gradient to inner membrane space…potential E. ...
... ETC: energy and electrons from NADH and FADH are used to pump H+ against gradient to inner membrane space…potential E. ...
video slide - Green River Community College
... molecules and O2 and yields ATP • Anaerobic respiration is similar to aerobic respiration but consumes compounds other than O2 Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
... molecules and O2 and yields ATP • Anaerobic respiration is similar to aerobic respiration but consumes compounds other than O2 Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
Part 2
... ETC: energy and electrons from NADH and FADH are used to pump H+ against gradient to inner membrane space…potential E. ...
... ETC: energy and electrons from NADH and FADH are used to pump H+ against gradient to inner membrane space…potential E. ...
On the mechanism of action of the antifungal agent propionate
... and was grown on this medium for 22 h. The presence of residual glucose in the medium (> 20 mM) was determined enzymatically. On 100 mM acetate and 100 mM acetate + 100 mM propionate all strains, with the exception of strain SMB/acuA, were grown for 36 and 41 h, respectively. To determine enzyme act ...
... and was grown on this medium for 22 h. The presence of residual glucose in the medium (> 20 mM) was determined enzymatically. On 100 mM acetate and 100 mM acetate + 100 mM propionate all strains, with the exception of strain SMB/acuA, were grown for 36 and 41 h, respectively. To determine enzyme act ...
Ketone Body Metabolism
... zKetone bodies are used for energy. zKetone bodies are transported from the liver to other tissues, where acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate can be reconverted to acetyl-CoA to produce energy. zThe heart gets much of its energy from ketone bodies, although it also uses a lot of fatty acids ...
... zKetone bodies are used for energy. zKetone bodies are transported from the liver to other tissues, where acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate can be reconverted to acetyl-CoA to produce energy. zThe heart gets much of its energy from ketone bodies, although it also uses a lot of fatty acids ...
Bypassing the glucose/fatty acid cycle: AMP
... response to stimuli that do not cause a detectable change in the AMP/ATP ratio. Several studies have shown that metformin, ...
... response to stimuli that do not cause a detectable change in the AMP/ATP ratio. Several studies have shown that metformin, ...
Plasma Total Amino Acids, Plasma Glutamate
... transamination reactions. The key amino acid -keto acid pairs involved in transamination reactions are glutamate – α ketoglutarate, aspartate – oxaloacetate and pyruvate - alanine. A study was undertaken to assess the plasma levels of total amino acids, glutamate and alanine in type 2 diabetic subje ...
... transamination reactions. The key amino acid -keto acid pairs involved in transamination reactions are glutamate – α ketoglutarate, aspartate – oxaloacetate and pyruvate - alanine. A study was undertaken to assess the plasma levels of total amino acids, glutamate and alanine in type 2 diabetic subje ...
The Process of Cellular Respiration
... can enter either glycolysis or the Krebs cycle. Carbohydrates are generally broken into simple sugars and then converted into glucose. Lipids are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol. These compounds enter the mitochondria where special enzymes cut them up, two carbon atoms at a time, to produc ...
... can enter either glycolysis or the Krebs cycle. Carbohydrates are generally broken into simple sugars and then converted into glucose. Lipids are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol. These compounds enter the mitochondria where special enzymes cut them up, two carbon atoms at a time, to produc ...
LABORATORY MANUAL ON BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
... depends from the ionization of the functional groups of side chains of amino acids. Thus, the solubility of proteins is due to their amino acid composition, the unique structural organization of the protein molecule and the properties of the solvent. Neutral salts increase solubility of proteins bec ...
... depends from the ionization of the functional groups of side chains of amino acids. Thus, the solubility of proteins is due to their amino acid composition, the unique structural organization of the protein molecule and the properties of the solvent. Neutral salts increase solubility of proteins bec ...
Glucose
Glucose is a sugar with the molecular formula C6H12O6. The name ""glucose"" (/ˈɡluːkoʊs/) comes from the Greek word γλευκος, meaning ""sweet wine, must"". The suffix ""-ose"" is a chemical classifier, denoting a carbohydrate. It is also known as dextrose or grape sugar. With 6 carbon atoms, it is classed as a hexose, a sub-category of monosaccharides. α-D-glucose is one of the 16 aldose stereoisomers. The D-isomer (D-glucose) occurs widely in nature, but the L-isomer (L-glucose) does not. Glucose is made during photosynthesis from water and carbon dioxide, using energy from sunlight. The reverse of the photosynthesis reaction, which releases this energy, is a very important source of power for cellular respiration. Glucose is stored as a polymer, in plants as starch and in animals as glycogen.