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Afferents of dopamine neurons
... may account for some of the changes in Parkinson’s disease Degree of collateralization of individual neurons? Single cell filling studies ...
... may account for some of the changes in Parkinson’s disease Degree of collateralization of individual neurons? Single cell filling studies ...
Selective Loss of Catecholaminergic Wake–Active Neurons in a
... Cleaved caspase-3 immunohistochemistry. In addition to demonstrating functional impairment with changes in wake c-fos responses, we sought to demonstrate neural injury, in part, by measuring activated (cleaved) caspase-3. Caspase-3 is a proteolytic enzyme that, when activated, destroys numerous crit ...
... Cleaved caspase-3 immunohistochemistry. In addition to demonstrating functional impairment with changes in wake c-fos responses, we sought to demonstrate neural injury, in part, by measuring activated (cleaved) caspase-3. Caspase-3 is a proteolytic enzyme that, when activated, destroys numerous crit ...
Vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs): The three musketeers of
... the plasma membrane. The effective transport systems also protect neurons from accumulation of neurotransmitter and the neurotoxic effect of glutamate. A BIT OF HISTORY Although the glutamate has been known a neurotransmitter for almost 25 years, its transport into the synaptic vesicles was long und ...
... the plasma membrane. The effective transport systems also protect neurons from accumulation of neurotransmitter and the neurotoxic effect of glutamate. A BIT OF HISTORY Although the glutamate has been known a neurotransmitter for almost 25 years, its transport into the synaptic vesicles was long und ...
Structural and functional architecture of respiratory networks in the
... rat. Bottom: representative activity patterns of phrenic (PN), hypoglossal (HN) and central vagus (cVN) nerves recorded from the intact preparation (left) and from reduced preparations obtained by transections at the pontine –medullary junction performed to remove the pons (vertical dot-dashed line ...
... rat. Bottom: representative activity patterns of phrenic (PN), hypoglossal (HN) and central vagus (cVN) nerves recorded from the intact preparation (left) and from reduced preparations obtained by transections at the pontine –medullary junction performed to remove the pons (vertical dot-dashed line ...
Operant conditioning and motor cortex - D
... As exhilarating as the early years of my PhD experience were, these latter years have been nearly as trying. Never before have I needed people so much... or at least I’ve never before been so aware of that need. I truly learned the importance of supportive friends. I’m convinced that I wouldn’t have ...
... As exhilarating as the early years of my PhD experience were, these latter years have been nearly as trying. Never before have I needed people so much... or at least I’ve never before been so aware of that need. I truly learned the importance of supportive friends. I’m convinced that I wouldn’t have ...
Stereotyped connectivity and computations in higher
... In the first brain relay of the olfactory system, odors are encoded by combinations of glomeruli, but it is not known how glomerular signals are ultimately integrated. In Drosophila melanogaster, the majority of glomerular projections target the lateral horn. Here we show that lateral horn neurons ( ...
... In the first brain relay of the olfactory system, odors are encoded by combinations of glomeruli, but it is not known how glomerular signals are ultimately integrated. In Drosophila melanogaster, the majority of glomerular projections target the lateral horn. Here we show that lateral horn neurons ( ...
Pierre Berthet Computational Modeling of the Basal Ganglia – Functional Pathways
... motor outputs. The work of this thesis concerns how the brain selects actions given the information about the perceived state of the world and how it learns and adapts these selections to changes in this environment. This learning is believed to depend on the outcome of the performed actions in the ...
... motor outputs. The work of this thesis concerns how the brain selects actions given the information about the perceived state of the world and how it learns and adapts these selections to changes in this environment. This learning is believed to depend on the outcome of the performed actions in the ...
4 Aromatic Amino Acids in the Brain - Wurtman Lab
... hydroxylation of phenylalanine by phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH). The proportions of dietary tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine that enter the systemic circulation are limited by three hepatic enzymes— tryptophan dioxygenase, tyrosine aminotransferase, and phenylalanine hydroxylase—that destro ...
... hydroxylation of phenylalanine by phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH). The proportions of dietary tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine that enter the systemic circulation are limited by three hepatic enzymes— tryptophan dioxygenase, tyrosine aminotransferase, and phenylalanine hydroxylase—that destro ...
Words in the brain`s language
... these neurons will exhibit direct connections to each other. These neurons will become more strongly associated even if they are located far apart. Thus, although the cortex is not a fully connected associative memory in which every processing unit is connected to every other one, it still appears t ...
... these neurons will exhibit direct connections to each other. These neurons will become more strongly associated even if they are located far apart. Thus, although the cortex is not a fully connected associative memory in which every processing unit is connected to every other one, it still appears t ...
From Thought to Action
... modulated via an intervening network of many neurons. Colloquially, the modulation of membrane potentials is referred to as "information processing" when examined within a neuron or network, and "communication" when described as occuring between neurons or networks. These word choices have inspired ...
... modulated via an intervening network of many neurons. Colloquially, the modulation of membrane potentials is referred to as "information processing" when examined within a neuron or network, and "communication" when described as occuring between neurons or networks. These word choices have inspired ...
Medial medullary syndrome
... • Direct branches arising from the vertebral artery and proximal basilar artery: Supply an area between the other two main arteries. • Ischemia to different vascular distributions produce different characteristic neurologic deficits. • Lateral medullary syndrome (Wallenberg syndrome): Acute ischemic ...
... • Direct branches arising from the vertebral artery and proximal basilar artery: Supply an area between the other two main arteries. • Ischemia to different vascular distributions produce different characteristic neurologic deficits. • Lateral medullary syndrome (Wallenberg syndrome): Acute ischemic ...
electrophysiological studies of rat substantia nigra neurons in an in
... H. NAKANISHI,*‡ A. TAMURA,† K. KAWAI† and K. YAMAMOTO* *Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812, Japan †Department of Neurosurgery, Teikyo University, School of Medicine, Tokyo 173, Japan Abstract––We studied sequential changes in electrophysiological profile ...
... H. NAKANISHI,*‡ A. TAMURA,† K. KAWAI† and K. YAMAMOTO* *Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812, Japan †Department of Neurosurgery, Teikyo University, School of Medicine, Tokyo 173, Japan Abstract––We studied sequential changes in electrophysiological profile ...
Down - 서울대 : Biointelligence lab
... It is assumed that the orientation preference of hypercolumn nodes is systematically organized The lateral interactions within the hypercolumn model are organized such that there is more excitation to neighboring nodes and inhibition between nodes that are remote This lateral interaction in th ...
... It is assumed that the orientation preference of hypercolumn nodes is systematically organized The lateral interactions within the hypercolumn model are organized such that there is more excitation to neighboring nodes and inhibition between nodes that are remote This lateral interaction in th ...
A quantitative link between face discrimination deficits and neuronal
... typical performance to chance level performance. Despite this heterogeneity in perceptual abilities, individual face discrimination performance was well predicted by neural selectivity to faces in the FFA, estimated via both a novel analysis of local voxel-wise correlations, and the more commonly us ...
... typical performance to chance level performance. Despite this heterogeneity in perceptual abilities, individual face discrimination performance was well predicted by neural selectivity to faces in the FFA, estimated via both a novel analysis of local voxel-wise correlations, and the more commonly us ...
Pontine respiratory activity involved in inspiratory/expiratory phase
... Control of the timing of the inspiratory/expiratory (IE) phase transition is a hallmark of respiratory pattern formation. In principle, sensory feedback from pulmonary stretch receptors (Breuer– Hering reflex, BHR) is seen as the major controller for the IE phase transition, while pontine-based cont ...
... Control of the timing of the inspiratory/expiratory (IE) phase transition is a hallmark of respiratory pattern formation. In principle, sensory feedback from pulmonary stretch receptors (Breuer– Hering reflex, BHR) is seen as the major controller for the IE phase transition, while pontine-based cont ...
Topographic Organization of Corticospinal Projections from the
... that the precentral motor field contained a complete map of the body. A large part of the body map was located in cytoarchitectonic area 4. However, the representation of axial body musculature was located in the caudal part of area 6. In fact, it was principally the presence of axial representation ...
... that the precentral motor field contained a complete map of the body. A large part of the body map was located in cytoarchitectonic area 4. However, the representation of axial body musculature was located in the caudal part of area 6. In fact, it was principally the presence of axial representation ...
Serotonin Depletion In Vivo Inhibits the
... 1% ascorbate, and 0.05% visual marker) by the use of the procedure described previously by Benton et al. (1997). Control animals were injected only with vehicle solution, whereas normal animals were handled but not injected. Embryos were injected or handled once a week for 3 weeks and then allowed t ...
... 1% ascorbate, and 0.05% visual marker) by the use of the procedure described previously by Benton et al. (1997). Control animals were injected only with vehicle solution, whereas normal animals were handled but not injected. Embryos were injected or handled once a week for 3 weeks and then allowed t ...
Evidence that GABA augmentation of norepinephrine release is mediated by interneurons
... 1-way analysis of variance ŽANOVA. for independent samples. Each brain region was analyzed separately. For experiments using synaptoneurosome preparations, differences between groups were determined using a 2-way ANOVA, with GABA as one between-groups variable, and KCl concentration as the second. G ...
... 1-way analysis of variance ŽANOVA. for independent samples. Each brain region was analyzed separately. For experiments using synaptoneurosome preparations, differences between groups were determined using a 2-way ANOVA, with GABA as one between-groups variable, and KCl concentration as the second. G ...
Efficient Event-Driven Simulation of Large Networks of Spiking
... is 1/νcN; but in order not to miss dynamical effects possibly related to single spikes, the probability of having more than one spike received by a neuron in 1t should be negligible. This implies the bound 1t ¿ 1/νcN. Therefore, the number of synaptic updates per second per neuron is À νc2 N2 , whic ...
... is 1/νcN; but in order not to miss dynamical effects possibly related to single spikes, the probability of having more than one spike received by a neuron in 1t should be negligible. This implies the bound 1t ¿ 1/νcN. Therefore, the number of synaptic updates per second per neuron is À νc2 N2 , whic ...
Serotonergic Integration of Circadian Clock and Ultradian Sleep
... on an oscilloscope, and the numbers of spikes per 50 s were counted by a pulse counter (MET1100; Nihon Kohden) and stored for further processing. This duration of sampling time was sufficient to evaluate the diurnal rhythmicity and sleep–wake state dependence. Occasionally, we used 1 s sampling to m ...
... on an oscilloscope, and the numbers of spikes per 50 s were counted by a pulse counter (MET1100; Nihon Kohden) and stored for further processing. This duration of sampling time was sufficient to evaluate the diurnal rhythmicity and sleep–wake state dependence. Occasionally, we used 1 s sampling to m ...
Hybrid Scheme for Modeling Local Field Potentials from Point
... the large number of neurons contributing to the recorded signal. In neocortex, for example, the measured LFP is typically generated by thousands or even millions of neurons near the recording electrode (Kajikawa and Schroeder 2011; Lindén et al. 2011; Łȩski et al. 2013). Moreover, the LFP reflects a ...
... the large number of neurons contributing to the recorded signal. In neocortex, for example, the measured LFP is typically generated by thousands or even millions of neurons near the recording electrode (Kajikawa and Schroeder 2011; Lindén et al. 2011; Łȩski et al. 2013). Moreover, the LFP reflects a ...
Dipole Localization - Home
... concerned with the integration and control of all bodily functions. The nervous system is generally considered the most complex bodily system. It is divided into several major divisions distinguished by anatomy (structure and location) and physiology (function), including the following: 1. Central n ...
... concerned with the integration and control of all bodily functions. The nervous system is generally considered the most complex bodily system. It is divided into several major divisions distinguished by anatomy (structure and location) and physiology (function), including the following: 1. Central n ...
Changes in Resting-State Functional Connectivity Following Delay
... American Psychological Association for a dissertation research award that helped fund portions of this project. ...
... American Psychological Association for a dissertation research award that helped fund portions of this project. ...
Dopamine Deficiency in a Genetic Mouse Model of Lesch
... of male mice of differing ages were measured by HPLC with electrochemical detection. Because of the difficulty in generating large numbers of mice simultaneously for a longitudinal study, animals were culled at random from different litters. Each symbol represents the monoamine concentration in the ...
... of male mice of differing ages were measured by HPLC with electrochemical detection. Because of the difficulty in generating large numbers of mice simultaneously for a longitudinal study, animals were culled at random from different litters. Each symbol represents the monoamine concentration in the ...
(2000). Cerebral hemisphere regulation of motivated behavior.
... unknown neural connections — this time including neurotransmitters and their receptors — and a natural preoccupation with subjecting individual circuit elements to detailed analysis. Fortunately, these methods have clarified for the first time the basic connections of certain long obscure regions of ...
... unknown neural connections — this time including neurotransmitters and their receptors — and a natural preoccupation with subjecting individual circuit elements to detailed analysis. Fortunately, these methods have clarified for the first time the basic connections of certain long obscure regions of ...
Connectome
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/White_Matter_Connections_Obtained_with_MRI_Tractography.png?width=300)
A connectome is a comprehensive map of neural connections in the brain, and may be thought of as its ""wiring diagram"". More broadly, a connectome would include the mapping of all neural connections within an organism's nervous system.The production and study of connectomes, known as connectomics, may range in scale from a detailed map of the full set of neurons and synapses within part or all of the nervous system of an organism to a macro scale description of the functional and structural connectivity between all cortical areas and subcortical structures. The term ""connectome"" is used primarily in scientific efforts to capture, map, and understand the organization of neural interactions within the brain.Research has successfully constructed the full connectome of one animal: the roundworm C. elegans (White et al., 1986, Varshney et al., 2011). Partial connectomes of a mouse retina and mouse primary visual cortex have also been successfully constructed. Bock et al.'s complete 12TB data set is publicly available at Open Connectome Project.The ultimate goal of connectomics is to map the human brain. This effort is pursued by the Human Connectome Project, sponsored by the National Institutes of Health, whose focus is to build a network map of the human brain in healthy, living adults.