The Neural Basis of Human Error Processing: Reinforcement
... learning signals to the basal ganglia and frontal cortex, where they are used to facilitate the development of adaptive motor programs. Although the reinforcement learning function attributed to the mesencephalic dopamine system and the error-processing function associated with the ERN appear to be ...
... learning signals to the basal ganglia and frontal cortex, where they are used to facilitate the development of adaptive motor programs. Although the reinforcement learning function attributed to the mesencephalic dopamine system and the error-processing function associated with the ERN appear to be ...
the organization of behavioral repertoire in motor cortex
... 2002). These findings have led to some uncertainty about the role of primary motor cortex and its relationship to premotor cortex. An alternative way to understand the relationship among the cortical motor areas was recently suggested by a set of electrical stimulation experiments. We stimulated site ...
... 2002). These findings have led to some uncertainty about the role of primary motor cortex and its relationship to premotor cortex. An alternative way to understand the relationship among the cortical motor areas was recently suggested by a set of electrical stimulation experiments. We stimulated site ...
Functional Organization in the Motor Cortex
... direction. Moreover, the correlation between two spatial patterns decreases as the distance between the directions increases. (3) I showed that for consecutive trials in the same direction there is suppression in activation level during repeated trials. This effect did not decrease gradually with di ...
... direction. Moreover, the correlation between two spatial patterns decreases as the distance between the directions increases. (3) I showed that for consecutive trials in the same direction there is suppression in activation level during repeated trials. This effect did not decrease gradually with di ...
Effective connectivity of the subthalamic nucleus
... abnormal oscillations in the Parkinsonian STN–GP network in a series of computational models that were successively more complex in terms of either structural and/or physiological architecture (see below). Each computational model was tightly constrained by data from our in vivo electrophysiological ...
... abnormal oscillations in the Parkinsonian STN–GP network in a series of computational models that were successively more complex in terms of either structural and/or physiological architecture (see below). Each computational model was tightly constrained by data from our in vivo electrophysiological ...
Glia Engulf Degenerating Axons during Developmental Axon Pruning
... with Axon Pruning MVBs and MLBs are typically thought to be associated with the endosomal-lysosomal pathway, which plays an important role in degradation of engulfed proteins and cellular debris (reviewed in [22, 23]). Specifically, studies of the endosomal-lysosomal pathway in Drosophila have impli ...
... with Axon Pruning MVBs and MLBs are typically thought to be associated with the endosomal-lysosomal pathway, which plays an important role in degradation of engulfed proteins and cellular debris (reviewed in [22, 23]). Specifically, studies of the endosomal-lysosomal pathway in Drosophila have impli ...
ANS: c, p. 46, F, LO=2.1, (1) - test bank and solution manual for your
... Correct. This is the state where the electrical charge is reversed. d) permeable reaction ANS: c, p. 49, C, LO=2.1, (1) % correct 75 a= 14 b= 10 c= 75 d= 1 r = .31 APA: LO 1.2 31. The term “fire” when referring to neural transmission indicates that a neuron: a) has become less positive in charge. b) ...
... Correct. This is the state where the electrical charge is reversed. d) permeable reaction ANS: c, p. 49, C, LO=2.1, (1) % correct 75 a= 14 b= 10 c= 75 d= 1 r = .31 APA: LO 1.2 31. The term “fire” when referring to neural transmission indicates that a neuron: a) has become less positive in charge. b) ...
associations
... “ When an axon of cell A is near enough to excite a cell B and repeatedly or persistently takes part in firing it, some growth process or metabolic changes take place in one or both cells such as A’s efficiency as one of the cells firing B, is increased” ...
... “ When an axon of cell A is near enough to excite a cell B and repeatedly or persistently takes part in firing it, some growth process or metabolic changes take place in one or both cells such as A’s efficiency as one of the cells firing B, is increased” ...
CHAPTER TWO - Test Bank 1
... Correct. This is the state where the electrical charge is reversed. d) permeable reaction ANS: c, p. 49, C, LO=2.1, (1) % correct 75 a= 14 b= 10 c= 75 d= 1 r = .31 APA: LO 1.2 31. The term “fire” when referring to neural transmission indicates that a neuron: a) has become less positive in charge. b) ...
... Correct. This is the state where the electrical charge is reversed. d) permeable reaction ANS: c, p. 49, C, LO=2.1, (1) % correct 75 a= 14 b= 10 c= 75 d= 1 r = .31 APA: LO 1.2 31. The term “fire” when referring to neural transmission indicates that a neuron: a) has become less positive in charge. b) ...
Update on models of basal ganglia function and dysfunction
... of movement, by allowing movements to occur via activation of the direct pathway, and by terminating them through subsequent activation of the indirect pathway. Evidence for a role of the basal ganglia in such movement scaling was demonstrated in studies of the activity of pallidal neurons in monkey ...
... of movement, by allowing movements to occur via activation of the direct pathway, and by terminating them through subsequent activation of the indirect pathway. Evidence for a role of the basal ganglia in such movement scaling was demonstrated in studies of the activity of pallidal neurons in monkey ...
The Organization of Behavioral Repertoire in Motor Cortex
... 2002). These findings have led to some uncertainty about the role of primary motor cortex and its relationship to premotor cortex. An alternative way to understand the relationship among the cortical motor areas was recently suggested by a set of electrical stimulation experiments. We stimulated site ...
... 2002). These findings have led to some uncertainty about the role of primary motor cortex and its relationship to premotor cortex. An alternative way to understand the relationship among the cortical motor areas was recently suggested by a set of electrical stimulation experiments. We stimulated site ...
Dopamine in Schizophrenia
... Lieberman 1996). The latter was consistent with findings that relatively to the typical APD haloperidol, clozapine produced a much weaker striatal D2 blockade (Farde et al. 1989, 1992; Kerwin 1994; Meltzer et al. 1994; Arnt and Skarsfeldt 1998). Subsequently, a wide separation between the doses used ...
... Lieberman 1996). The latter was consistent with findings that relatively to the typical APD haloperidol, clozapine produced a much weaker striatal D2 blockade (Farde et al. 1989, 1992; Kerwin 1994; Meltzer et al. 1994; Arnt and Skarsfeldt 1998). Subsequently, a wide separation between the doses used ...
PDF
... synapse formation remain unknown. To identify genes that regulate or mediate the function of SAD-1, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen and identified the sole C. elegans homolog of Neurabin (NAB-1) that physically interacts with SAD-1 both in vivo and in vitro. Mammalian Neurabin (NeurabinI) and ...
... synapse formation remain unknown. To identify genes that regulate or mediate the function of SAD-1, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen and identified the sole C. elegans homolog of Neurabin (NAB-1) that physically interacts with SAD-1 both in vivo and in vitro. Mammalian Neurabin (NeurabinI) and ...
Review Spectrin and calpain
... acids at the P1 site are less determined. Thus, sites susceptible to calpain activity should be found in many proteins, but only a small subset of intracellular proteins have been reported to undergo proteolysis, and most of them remain resistant. Furthermore, calpain cleaves its substrates into lim ...
... acids at the P1 site are less determined. Thus, sites susceptible to calpain activity should be found in many proteins, but only a small subset of intracellular proteins have been reported to undergo proteolysis, and most of them remain resistant. Furthermore, calpain cleaves its substrates into lim ...
Spatiotemporal Properties of Eye Position Signals
... 1506 Eye Position Signals in the Central Thalamus ...
... 1506 Eye Position Signals in the Central Thalamus ...
The time of course of BDNF levels in brain and plasma after cerebral
... neuronal death severity by varying the amount of injected microspheres (Demougeot et al., 2001). Thus, using this specific model of ischemia, if neurons are the predominant cellular source of BDNF, BDNF content of the lesioned hemisphere, which include both infarcted and surrounding non infarcted ar ...
... neuronal death severity by varying the amount of injected microspheres (Demougeot et al., 2001). Thus, using this specific model of ischemia, if neurons are the predominant cellular source of BDNF, BDNF content of the lesioned hemisphere, which include both infarcted and surrounding non infarcted ar ...
Affective percept and voluntary action: A hypothesis
... rats. Also using self-stimulation techniques, Gallistel and Beagley (1971) found that rats choose stimulation at one hypothalamic site when hungry and at a different site when thirsty. Using functional imaging techniques Francis et al. (1999) found three different areas for pleasure of touch, taste ...
... rats. Also using self-stimulation techniques, Gallistel and Beagley (1971) found that rats choose stimulation at one hypothalamic site when hungry and at a different site when thirsty. Using functional imaging techniques Francis et al. (1999) found three different areas for pleasure of touch, taste ...
Chapter 1
... coordinate visual-auditory information, but prefer to experience what they see together with what they hear. ©2005 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ...
... coordinate visual-auditory information, but prefer to experience what they see together with what they hear. ©2005 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ...
Physiological origins and functional correlates of EEG rhythmic
... Signals from sensory pathways are conveyed to the cerebral cortex through relay nuclei in the thalamus, the VB being the relay nucleus for the somatosensory pathway. When relay cells in these thalamic nuclei become hyperpolarized, they show atypical behavior. Rather than remaining in a stable inhibi ...
... Signals from sensory pathways are conveyed to the cerebral cortex through relay nuclei in the thalamus, the VB being the relay nucleus for the somatosensory pathway. When relay cells in these thalamic nuclei become hyperpolarized, they show atypical behavior. Rather than remaining in a stable inhibi ...
Diversity of laminar connections linking periarcuate and
... probes to visualize the distribution of CB or PV in lateral intraparietal areas along with fluorescent tracers (FE). Matched series of sections were incubated in primary antibody for either CB or PV (as described above). The tissue was then placed overnight in goat antimouse IgG conjugated with the fl ...
... probes to visualize the distribution of CB or PV in lateral intraparietal areas along with fluorescent tracers (FE). Matched series of sections were incubated in primary antibody for either CB or PV (as described above). The tissue was then placed overnight in goat antimouse IgG conjugated with the fl ...
Biophysical Properties and Responses to Neurotransmitters of
... Downloaded from http://jn.physiology.org/ by 10.220.32.246 on April 28, 2017 ...
... Downloaded from http://jn.physiology.org/ by 10.220.32.246 on April 28, 2017 ...
DEPARTAMENT DE FARMACOLOGIA, DE TERAPÈUTICA I DE TOXICOLOGIA
... BACKGROUND ................................................................................15 ...
... BACKGROUND ................................................................................15 ...
Comparative Study of c-Fos Expression in Rat Dorsal Vagal
... DMV, NTS and AP have complicated neuronal contact and close correlation in function, so that they constitute the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) (4). Thus, DVC and NA are the primary nerve centres that regulate gastric functions. Nevertheless, whether the neurons of DMV, NTS, AP and NA are excited, and c ...
... DMV, NTS and AP have complicated neuronal contact and close correlation in function, so that they constitute the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) (4). Thus, DVC and NA are the primary nerve centres that regulate gastric functions. Nevertheless, whether the neurons of DMV, NTS, AP and NA are excited, and c ...
Article 5 - Graduate Program in Neuroscience | UBC
... the behavioral reaction to be performed following the trigger (execution or withholding of movement) and predicting the type of reinforcer (liquid or sound). Each trial contained two delay periods, namely the instruction–trigger delay, during which the animal remembered the type of instruction and p ...
... the behavioral reaction to be performed following the trigger (execution or withholding of movement) and predicting the type of reinforcer (liquid or sound). Each trial contained two delay periods, namely the instruction–trigger delay, during which the animal remembered the type of instruction and p ...
Differential GABAB Receptor Modulation of Ethanol Effects on
... GABAA IPSCs) but much smaller increases by distally evoked GABAA IPSCs (distal GABAA IPSCs; Fig. 1, B and C), exhibiting time and ethanol concentration dependence (Fig. 1, D and E, respectively). A partial dose-response relationship for ethanol indicates that both proximal and distal GABAA IPSCs wer ...
... GABAA IPSCs) but much smaller increases by distally evoked GABAA IPSCs (distal GABAA IPSCs; Fig. 1, B and C), exhibiting time and ethanol concentration dependence (Fig. 1, D and E, respectively). A partial dose-response relationship for ethanol indicates that both proximal and distal GABAA IPSCs wer ...
The importance of Wnt signalling for neurodegeneration in
... from AD patients display increased levels of GSK3β and phosphorylated β-catenin, as well as elevated levels of Dkk1 (Dickkopf-1), a secreted protein that inhibits the canonical pathway by binding LRP6 [6,30]. The potential role of Dkk1 is supported by observations that Dkk1-neutralizing antibodies a ...
... from AD patients display increased levels of GSK3β and phosphorylated β-catenin, as well as elevated levels of Dkk1 (Dickkopf-1), a secreted protein that inhibits the canonical pathway by binding LRP6 [6,30]. The potential role of Dkk1 is supported by observations that Dkk1-neutralizing antibodies a ...