Developement of strategies for the isotopic labeling of methyl
... Indeed, proteins as large as 1 MDa could be investigated by NMR. Conversely, this strategy presents an important drawback consisting of the drastically reduced number of protonated probes. The project of this thesis falls within the framework of developing new methodologies to cope with this scarce ...
... Indeed, proteins as large as 1 MDa could be investigated by NMR. Conversely, this strategy presents an important drawback consisting of the drastically reduced number of protonated probes. The project of this thesis falls within the framework of developing new methodologies to cope with this scarce ...
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide homeostasis and
... known as the poly(ADPribose) polymerases PARP) and ARTC1 to 5 [12]. PARP1 (ARTD1 in the new nomenclature) is one major NAD consuming enzyme in the cell that recognizes DNA lesions induced by an excess of ROS. When activated, PARP1 catalyzes the formation of long polymers of ADPR (Parylation) on itse ...
... known as the poly(ADPribose) polymerases PARP) and ARTC1 to 5 [12]. PARP1 (ARTD1 in the new nomenclature) is one major NAD consuming enzyme in the cell that recognizes DNA lesions induced by an excess of ROS. When activated, PARP1 catalyzes the formation of long polymers of ADPR (Parylation) on itse ...
Data mining for important amino acid residues in multiple sequence
... are called homologs if they share the same function. Based on this evolutionary relationship these proteins are similar in sequence and structure and thus can be grouped into protein families. The Pfam protein families database (release 26.0) [117] contains a collection of over 13000 manually curate ...
... are called homologs if they share the same function. Based on this evolutionary relationship these proteins are similar in sequence and structure and thus can be grouped into protein families. The Pfam protein families database (release 26.0) [117] contains a collection of over 13000 manually curate ...
Identification and analysis of new phloem proteins from
... transport mainly mineral-containing water from the roots to the shoots, while the phloem is responsible for the translocation of organic compounds from the sites of synthesis (source organs) to the developing and non-photosynthetic tissues (sink organs). These two transport systems differ not only i ...
... transport mainly mineral-containing water from the roots to the shoots, while the phloem is responsible for the translocation of organic compounds from the sites of synthesis (source organs) to the developing and non-photosynthetic tissues (sink organs). These two transport systems differ not only i ...
Full Text - J
... and the presence of giant melanosomes in skin melanocytes and retinal pigment epithelium (18, 19). Recent findings provide evidence that OA1 is a receptor that mediates depressor and bradycardic responses to DOPA in the NTS (21), thereby indicating that OA1 is a functional receptor for DOPA. In this ...
... and the presence of giant melanosomes in skin melanocytes and retinal pigment epithelium (18, 19). Recent findings provide evidence that OA1 is a receptor that mediates depressor and bradycardic responses to DOPA in the NTS (21), thereby indicating that OA1 is a functional receptor for DOPA. In this ...
Differential Excitability Modulation of Striatal Medium Neuron
... models selectively increases spike generation in striatopallidal MSNs (Mallet et al., 2006). In addition, D2 receptors also negatively couple to voltage dependent Cav1.3 Ca 2⫹ channels in striatopallidal MSNs (Olson et al., 2005), suggesting that the combination of these effects might lead to increa ...
... models selectively increases spike generation in striatopallidal MSNs (Mallet et al., 2006). In addition, D2 receptors also negatively couple to voltage dependent Cav1.3 Ca 2⫹ channels in striatopallidal MSNs (Olson et al., 2005), suggesting that the combination of these effects might lead to increa ...
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... chondrocyte hypertrophy was significantly delayed, as there was no Col10a1 expression at E14.5 when it was already strongly expressed in wild-type and PTHrP–/– mutant embryos (Fig. 2B). The delay of chondrocyte hypertrophy is due to the upregulation of PTHrP expression (Mak et al., 2006). Interestin ...
... chondrocyte hypertrophy was significantly delayed, as there was no Col10a1 expression at E14.5 when it was already strongly expressed in wild-type and PTHrP–/– mutant embryos (Fig. 2B). The delay of chondrocyte hypertrophy is due to the upregulation of PTHrP expression (Mak et al., 2006). Interestin ...
The mechanism of Stx2 enrichment in outer membrane vesicles of
... virulence factors produced by non-obligate pathogens have a function for survival in the environment. Since the majority of the time these microbes are living without a mammalian host, it is likely that Stx1 has a function not involved with mammalian pathogenesis. Specific Aim 1: Test the hypothesis ...
... virulence factors produced by non-obligate pathogens have a function for survival in the environment. Since the majority of the time these microbes are living without a mammalian host, it is likely that Stx1 has a function not involved with mammalian pathogenesis. Specific Aim 1: Test the hypothesis ...
Review The cellular functions of clathrin
... hydrophobic amino acid, X is any amino acid and brackets enclose alternatives) such as those present in AP-1, AP-2 and β-arrestin [26]. There is a second interaction site on this domain that can accommodate W-box motifs (PWXXW) such as those found in amphiphysin [27]. Second, X-ray analysis of cryst ...
... hydrophobic amino acid, X is any amino acid and brackets enclose alternatives) such as those present in AP-1, AP-2 and β-arrestin [26]. There is a second interaction site on this domain that can accommodate W-box motifs (PWXXW) such as those found in amphiphysin [27]. Second, X-ray analysis of cryst ...
Binding properties of YjeQ (RsgA), RbfA, RimM and Era to assembly
... mRNA (1,2). The 50S subunit (LSU) contains two rRNA molecules, the 23S and 5S rRNAs and 34 r-proteins and its main function is to catalyze peptide bond formation during protein translation (3–5). Much is now understood about the structure of the ribosome and the dynamic conformational changes that t ...
... mRNA (1,2). The 50S subunit (LSU) contains two rRNA molecules, the 23S and 5S rRNAs and 34 r-proteins and its main function is to catalyze peptide bond formation during protein translation (3–5). Much is now understood about the structure of the ribosome and the dynamic conformational changes that t ...
Nuclear export signal located within the DNAbinding domain of the
... monitor activity of receptor±kinase signals. Keywords: cytokine/export/import/interferon/signal transduction ...
... monitor activity of receptor±kinase signals. Keywords: cytokine/export/import/interferon/signal transduction ...
Title page: Lidocaine effects on acetylcholine-elicited currents from
... Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are pentameric ligand-gated ion channels (LGICs) that mediate fast synaptic transmission in peripheral and central nervous system. An outstanding characteristic of nAChRs is their wide structural heterogeneity, based in both diverse subunit composition and ...
... Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are pentameric ligand-gated ion channels (LGICs) that mediate fast synaptic transmission in peripheral and central nervous system. An outstanding characteristic of nAChRs is their wide structural heterogeneity, based in both diverse subunit composition and ...
CE - University of Pittsburgh
... LDL membrane receptor • Found in clathrin coated pits (endocytosis) • After endocytosis the receptor is recycled whilst the LDL is degraded to releasing lipid cargo. Cholesterol uptake down regulates the cells own production of cholesterol and down regulates LDL receptor synthesis • Mutations in LD ...
... LDL membrane receptor • Found in clathrin coated pits (endocytosis) • After endocytosis the receptor is recycled whilst the LDL is degraded to releasing lipid cargo. Cholesterol uptake down regulates the cells own production of cholesterol and down regulates LDL receptor synthesis • Mutations in LD ...
Presynaptic Inhibition by GABA Is Mediated via Two Distinct GABA
... to both bicuculline and baclofen, both GABA receptors qualify as potential GABA, receptors. However, it is argued on functional grounds that the two GABA receptors coupled to Cl channels and to Ca channels are best regarded as members of the GABA, and GABA, families, respectively. [Key words: GABA r ...
... to both bicuculline and baclofen, both GABA receptors qualify as potential GABA, receptors. However, it is argued on functional grounds that the two GABA receptors coupled to Cl channels and to Ca channels are best regarded as members of the GABA, and GABA, families, respectively. [Key words: GABA r ...
Hormone sensitive lipase: structure, function and
... acids (FFA). In addition, it has hydrolyzing activity against cholesterol esters. In this sight it is not remarkable that HSL is not only found in adipose tissue, but also in tissues that store cholesterol esters. In these tissues HSL plays a key role in the cholesterol metabolism. HSL is regulated ...
... acids (FFA). In addition, it has hydrolyzing activity against cholesterol esters. In this sight it is not remarkable that HSL is not only found in adipose tissue, but also in tissues that store cholesterol esters. In these tissues HSL plays a key role in the cholesterol metabolism. HSL is regulated ...
Biochemical characterization of the initial steps of the Kennedy
... the agent of African sleeping sickness, GPCho accounts for approximately half of all phospholipids in both life-cycle stages, whereas GPEtn forms between 16 and 21 % [2]. These phospholipids contribute an important structural role to the membrane and, in addition, determine membrane fluidity and cel ...
... the agent of African sleeping sickness, GPCho accounts for approximately half of all phospholipids in both life-cycle stages, whereas GPEtn forms between 16 and 21 % [2]. These phospholipids contribute an important structural role to the membrane and, in addition, determine membrane fluidity and cel ...
Localization and nucleotide specificity of Blastocystis succinyl‐CoA
... E + succinyl-COA + Pi ↔ E − succinyl-PO3 + CoA ...
... E + succinyl-COA + Pi ↔ E − succinyl-PO3 + CoA ...
Identification of a C-terminal Poly(A)-binding Protein (PABP)
... found in almost all PABP mRNAs (25, 29, 30). In the human mRNA, the 61-nt-long tract contains sets of 5– 8 A residues interspersed by 3– 6 pyrimidine residues and is located 73 nucleotides from the cap (23). Repression by PABP may be relieved when there is an increase in the intracellular poly(A)⫹ m ...
... found in almost all PABP mRNAs (25, 29, 30). In the human mRNA, the 61-nt-long tract contains sets of 5– 8 A residues interspersed by 3– 6 pyrimidine residues and is located 73 nucleotides from the cap (23). Repression by PABP may be relieved when there is an increase in the intracellular poly(A)⫹ m ...
Advanced Stochastic Protein Sequence Analysis
... initially found evidence for approximately 30 000 transcripts and recently only 20 000 to 25 000 genes were supposed [IHG04]. Surprisingly, the sets of genes found by both groups interleave only to a percentage of approximately 21% [Hog01]. It is believed that only about 60 percent of the proteins e ...
... initially found evidence for approximately 30 000 transcripts and recently only 20 000 to 25 000 genes were supposed [IHG04]. Surprisingly, the sets of genes found by both groups interleave only to a percentage of approximately 21% [Hog01]. It is believed that only about 60 percent of the proteins e ...
Retinoblastoma Protein Contains a C-terminal - Bio
... For example, the retinoblastoma protein, pRB, is phosphorylated by cyclin D-cdk4 and cyclin E-cdk2 complexes as cells exit G1 and enter S phase (66). Cyclin A-cdk2 complexes probably contribute to the maintenance of pRB phosphorylation during S phase (82, 90). Phosphorylation of pRB results in the r ...
... For example, the retinoblastoma protein, pRB, is phosphorylated by cyclin D-cdk4 and cyclin E-cdk2 complexes as cells exit G1 and enter S phase (66). Cyclin A-cdk2 complexes probably contribute to the maintenance of pRB phosphorylation during S phase (82, 90). Phosphorylation of pRB results in the r ...
A storage form of ribosomes in mouse oocytes
... ( +) indicates structures are preserved; ( - ) indicates ducted on spread material, these enzyme they are destroyed. a Controls were exposed to buffer solutions without digestions were more easily performed on enzyme. intact whole oocytes which were then used for making whole mount preparations or f ...
... ( +) indicates structures are preserved; ( - ) indicates ducted on spread material, these enzyme they are destroyed. a Controls were exposed to buffer solutions without digestions were more easily performed on enzyme. intact whole oocytes which were then used for making whole mount preparations or f ...
Sensitive Interaction between Raptor a
... raptor name. Raptor is a large 149 kDa protein and contains an N-terminal RNC (raptor N-terminal conserved) domain found in all its eukaryotic homologs, followed by three HEAT repeats and seven WD-40 repeats in the C-terminal third of the protein (Kim et al., 2002). The mTOR binding site on raptor i ...
... raptor name. Raptor is a large 149 kDa protein and contains an N-terminal RNC (raptor N-terminal conserved) domain found in all its eukaryotic homologs, followed by three HEAT repeats and seven WD-40 repeats in the C-terminal third of the protein (Kim et al., 2002). The mTOR binding site on raptor i ...
The G-protein regulator LGN modulates the activity of the NO
... [7,8]. The effects of cellular factors on sGC properties extend to sGC deactivation as well. In vitro studies demonstrated that, in the presence of the NO scavenger oxyhaemoglobin and the GTP substrate, the sGC–NO complex decomposes with a half-life of the order of several seconds [9]; this decompos ...
... [7,8]. The effects of cellular factors on sGC properties extend to sGC deactivation as well. In vitro studies demonstrated that, in the presence of the NO scavenger oxyhaemoglobin and the GTP substrate, the sGC–NO complex decomposes with a half-life of the order of several seconds [9]; this decompos ...
Gene Section LRP5 (low density lipoprotein receptor related protein 5)
... the LRP5 gene in 10 families or isolated patients with various conditions of an increased bone density, including endosteal hyperostosis. Direct sequencing of the LRP5 gene revealed 19 sequence variants. Six novel missense mutations (D111Y, G171R, A214T, A214V, A242T, and T253I) are located in the a ...
... the LRP5 gene in 10 families or isolated patients with various conditions of an increased bone density, including endosteal hyperostosis. Direct sequencing of the LRP5 gene revealed 19 sequence variants. Six novel missense mutations (D111Y, G171R, A214T, A214V, A242T, and T253I) are located in the a ...
Lipid interaction of the C terminus and association of the
... network formation in Xenopus egg extracts (9). Finally, proteoliposomes containing purified Drosophila ATL undergo GTPdependent fusion in vitro (10, 13). ATL-mediated homotypic fusion of ER membranes appears to be physiologically important, because mutations in human ATL1, the major isoform in neuron ...
... network formation in Xenopus egg extracts (9). Finally, proteoliposomes containing purified Drosophila ATL undergo GTPdependent fusion in vitro (10, 13). ATL-mediated homotypic fusion of ER membranes appears to be physiologically important, because mutations in human ATL1, the major isoform in neuron ...
G protein–coupled receptor
G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptor, and G protein–linked receptors (GPLR), constitute a large protein family of receptors that sense molecules outside the cell and activate inside signal transduction pathways and, ultimately, cellular responses. Coupling with G proteins, they are called seven-transmembrane receptors because they pass through the cell membrane seven times.G protein–coupled receptors are found only in eukaryotes, including yeast, choanoflagellates, and animals. The ligands that bind and activate these receptors include light-sensitive compounds, odors, pheromones, hormones, and neurotransmitters, and vary in size from small molecules to peptides to large proteins. G protein–coupled receptors are involved in many diseases, and are also the target of approximately 40% of all modern medicinal drugs. Two of the United States's top five selling drugs (Hydrocodone and Lisinopril) act by targeting a G protein–coupled receptor. The 2012 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Brian Kobilka and Robert Lefkowitz for their work that was ""crucial for understanding how G protein–coupled receptors function."". There have been at least seven other Nobel Prizes awarded for some aspect of G protein–mediated signaling.There are two principal signal transduction pathways involving the G protein–coupled receptors: the cAMP signal pathway and the phosphatidylinositol signal pathway. When a ligand binds to the GPCR it causes a conformational change in the GPCR, which allows it to act as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). The GPCR can then activate an associated G protein by exchanging its bound GDP for a GTP. The G protein's α subunit, together with the bound GTP, can then dissociate from the β and γ subunits to further affect intracellular signaling proteins or target functional proteins directly depending on the α subunit type (Gαs, Gαi/o, Gαq/11, Gα12/13).