CHAPTER 2
... The Nature of Ethics “However selfish man believes himself to be, there is no doubt that there are some elements in his nature which lead him to concern himself about the fortune of others, in such a way that their happiness is necessary for him, although he obtains nothing from it except the pleas ...
... The Nature of Ethics “However selfish man believes himself to be, there is no doubt that there are some elements in his nature which lead him to concern himself about the fortune of others, in such a way that their happiness is necessary for him, although he obtains nothing from it except the pleas ...
Slide 1
... Rational beings have an intrinsic worth and dignity. The end (purpose) of morality is in preserving the well-being and dignity of all rational agents: “Act with reference to every rational being (whether yourself or another) so that it is an end in itself in your maxim…“ (Kant, Foundations of the Me ...
... Rational beings have an intrinsic worth and dignity. The end (purpose) of morality is in preserving the well-being and dignity of all rational agents: “Act with reference to every rational being (whether yourself or another) so that it is an end in itself in your maxim…“ (Kant, Foundations of the Me ...
INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY
... Basic moral principles are imprinted in humans and can be discovered through use of REASON. “The demands of the law are written on their hearts.” (Romans 2) These natural laws are self-evident and are the same for everywhere—independent of what humans may feel, desire, believe. Which “-ism” does thi ...
... Basic moral principles are imprinted in humans and can be discovered through use of REASON. “The demands of the law are written on their hearts.” (Romans 2) These natural laws are self-evident and are the same for everywhere—independent of what humans may feel, desire, believe. Which “-ism” does thi ...
Powerpoint5B. - People Server at UNCW
... • No human essence = selfdetermining • Morality = self-given ‘law’ of existential responsibility ...
... • No human essence = selfdetermining • Morality = self-given ‘law’ of existential responsibility ...
Ethics and Ethical Systems
... Duty as freely imposing obligation on one’s own self Duty is internal We impose duty on ourselves ...
... Duty as freely imposing obligation on one’s own self Duty is internal We impose duty on ourselves ...
Normative Ethical Theory
... Rights Based Theories hold that rights form the basis of obligations because they best express the a key purpose of morality: the securing of liberties or other benefits from rights holders (31). The TRA for RBT focuses on the correlation between rights and obligations. If an agent has a right ...
... Rights Based Theories hold that rights form the basis of obligations because they best express the a key purpose of morality: the securing of liberties or other benefits from rights holders (31). The TRA for RBT focuses on the correlation between rights and obligations. If an agent has a right ...
Ethics Glossary
... Altruism. A selfless concern for other people purely for their own sake. Altruism is usually contrasted with selfishness or egoism in ethics. Areté. The Greek word for "excellence" or "virtue." For the Greeks, this was not limited to human beings. A guitar, for example, has its areté in producing ha ...
... Altruism. A selfless concern for other people purely for their own sake. Altruism is usually contrasted with selfishness or egoism in ethics. Areté. The Greek word for "excellence" or "virtue." For the Greeks, this was not limited to human beings. A guitar, for example, has its areté in producing ha ...
Glosario Etica
... Utilitarianism. A moral theory that says that what is moral right is whatever produces the greatest overall amount of pleasure (hedonistic utilitarianism) or happiness (eudaimonistic utilitarianism). Some utilitarians (act utilitarians) claim that we should weigh the consequences of each individual ...
... Utilitarianism. A moral theory that says that what is moral right is whatever produces the greatest overall amount of pleasure (hedonistic utilitarianism) or happiness (eudaimonistic utilitarianism). Some utilitarians (act utilitarians) claim that we should weigh the consequences of each individual ...
360 Business Ethics
... – “If you want to be a great volleyball player, you must practice volleyball.” – Only those who fit the antecedent condition are bound by this imperative ...
... – “If you want to be a great volleyball player, you must practice volleyball.” – Only those who fit the antecedent condition are bound by this imperative ...
chapter 1: learning
... The only thing good without qualification or exception is a good will (other good things can be used for bad purposes or with bad results, but not a good will) A good will is one that operates entirely in accordance with the dictates of pure reason The categorical imperative is the universal command ...
... The only thing good without qualification or exception is a good will (other good things can be used for bad purposes or with bad results, but not a good will) A good will is one that operates entirely in accordance with the dictates of pure reason The categorical imperative is the universal command ...
Nonconsequentialist Theories
... Nonconsequentialist (NC) theories do not assume that consequences of actions determine the morality of actions; they assume that actions are inherently right/wrong based upon some other standard for morality. To put this approach into perspective, consider that a NC must make decisions without regar ...
... Nonconsequentialist (NC) theories do not assume that consequences of actions determine the morality of actions; they assume that actions are inherently right/wrong based upon some other standard for morality. To put this approach into perspective, consider that a NC must make decisions without regar ...
Phil 206 2007 - UKZN: Philosophy
... Answer one of the following questions: 1. Critically discuss Kant’s view that there could not be an imperative that commands us “to do what will make us happy” (pp. 81-82 of the Groundwork). 2. Kant says that it might not be possible to identify a single unambiguous example of a moral action. a) Exp ...
... Answer one of the following questions: 1. Critically discuss Kant’s view that there could not be an imperative that commands us “to do what will make us happy” (pp. 81-82 of the Groundwork). 2. Kant says that it might not be possible to identify a single unambiguous example of a moral action. a) Exp ...
Character vs. Actions
... (a) the rule(s) would amount to a decision procedure (algorithm) for determining what the right action was in any particular case; (b) the rule(s) would be stated in such terms that any non-virtuous person could understand and apply it (them) correctly. These claims differ sharply from Aristotle’s v ...
... (a) the rule(s) would amount to a decision procedure (algorithm) for determining what the right action was in any particular case; (b) the rule(s) would be stated in such terms that any non-virtuous person could understand and apply it (them) correctly. These claims differ sharply from Aristotle’s v ...
Aristotle The only true justification of a kingdom is to create the ideal
... -every human has views and expectations of the world, life, and what is right and wrong -when what “should be” contrasts from “what is” you have the ethical experience of the intolerable and unfair -EX you are not really a preaching catholic until you get put into a situation where your faith is bei ...
... -every human has views and expectations of the world, life, and what is right and wrong -when what “should be” contrasts from “what is” you have the ethical experience of the intolerable and unfair -EX you are not really a preaching catholic until you get put into a situation where your faith is bei ...
TC chapter 9– TCing about moral issues
... old and young alike, not to take thought for your persons or your properties, but first and chiefly to care about the greatest improvement of your soul. I tell you that virtue is not given by money, but that from virtue comes money and every other good of man, public as well as private. This is my ...
... old and young alike, not to take thought for your persons or your properties, but first and chiefly to care about the greatest improvement of your soul. I tell you that virtue is not given by money, but that from virtue comes money and every other good of man, public as well as private. This is my ...
Utililitarianism
... able to do what we want We have nothing left to learn We can see all of the short term and long term effects of our actions on ourselves and society. ...
... able to do what we want We have nothing left to learn We can see all of the short term and long term effects of our actions on ourselves and society. ...
ARISTOTLE Why be ethical
... actions Principles tell us how we ought to act if reason were fully in charge of his or her actions. ...
... actions Principles tell us how we ought to act if reason were fully in charge of his or her actions. ...
Moral Reasoning
... for business manager. On many occasion managers also choose between two wrongs ...
... for business manager. On many occasion managers also choose between two wrongs ...
Nonconsequentialist Theories of Morality
... Possible to set up valid absolute moral rules on Logical, universal truths Universalizability the important part The Categorical Imperative Act is immoral if the rule that would authorize it cannot be made into a rule for all humans Practical Imperative No human should be thought of or use ...
... Possible to set up valid absolute moral rules on Logical, universal truths Universalizability the important part The Categorical Imperative Act is immoral if the rule that would authorize it cannot be made into a rule for all humans Practical Imperative No human should be thought of or use ...
Deontology
... What does Kant say? • In order to act in a morally correct way, people must act from duty. • The consequences of an action don’t make it right or wrong. Rather, it is the motive of the person doing the action, and the action itself that determines whether it is morally right. ...
... What does Kant say? • In order to act in a morally correct way, people must act from duty. • The consequences of an action don’t make it right or wrong. Rather, it is the motive of the person doing the action, and the action itself that determines whether it is morally right. ...
Montesquieu, Kant, Hegel Charles Montesquieu (1689
... and steadily we reflect upon them: The starry heavens above me and the moral law within me.” (From Critique of Practical Reason) - “All interest of my reason combines in the following three questions: 1. What can I know? (Critique of pure Reason) 2. What shall I do? (Legal and Political Philosophy) ...
... and steadily we reflect upon them: The starry heavens above me and the moral law within me.” (From Critique of Practical Reason) - “All interest of my reason combines in the following three questions: 1. What can I know? (Critique of pure Reason) 2. What shall I do? (Legal and Political Philosophy) ...
PHI 246: Theory Exam #1
... 1. Compare and contrast the notion of “duty” in Kant and in the Hindu tradition. Is there a shared moral principle (see Brannigan, ch.1) there? Justify your answer. 2. Is it better to be of good character or to always “do the right thing” (i.e., live according to duty)? In defending your answer disc ...
... 1. Compare and contrast the notion of “duty” in Kant and in the Hindu tradition. Is there a shared moral principle (see Brannigan, ch.1) there? Justify your answer. 2. Is it better to be of good character or to always “do the right thing” (i.e., live according to duty)? In defending your answer disc ...
Revision - PushMe Press
... Absolutism • Some things are right / wrong irrespective of situation, results, time or place • Something is wrong because it breaks a moral rule • Moral rules can be derived a priori using reason alone, as in Kantian ethics, or a posteriori, as in natural law, by observing the ends rational people ...
... Absolutism • Some things are right / wrong irrespective of situation, results, time or place • Something is wrong because it breaks a moral rule • Moral rules can be derived a priori using reason alone, as in Kantian ethics, or a posteriori, as in natural law, by observing the ends rational people ...
Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals
Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals (German: Grundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sitten; 1785; also known as the Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals, Grounding of the Metaphysics of Morals and the Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals) is the first of Immanuel Kant's mature works on moral philosophy and remains one of the most influential in the field. Kant conceives his investigation as a work of foundational ethics—one that clears the ground for future research by explaining the core concepts and principles of moral theory and showing that they are normative for rational agents. Kant aspires to nothing less than this: to lay bare the fundamental principle of morality and show that it applies to us. In the text, Kant provides a groundbreaking argument that the rightness of an action is determined by the character of the principle that a person chooses to act upon. Kant thus stands in stark contrast to the moral sense theories and teleological moral theories that dominated moral philosophy at the time he was writing.The Groundwork is broken into a preface, followed by three sections. Kant's argument works from common reason up to the supreme unconditional law, in order to identify its existence. He then works backwards from there to prove the relevance and weight of the moral law. The third and final section of the book is famously obscure, and it is partly because of this that Kant later, in 1788, decided to publish the Critique of Practical Reason.