Download Exam 3 Study Guide

Exam 3 Study Guide
Chapter 9 – Articulations
For each of the following joints, understand the bones involved, name the articulating surfaces, and
describe the type of joint. Identify each joint on a model or diagram.
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Temporomandibular joint
Intervertebral articulations
Sternoclavicular joint
Acromioclavicular joint
Glenohumeral joint
Elbow joint
Radiocarpal joint
Hip joint
Knee joint
Ankle (talocrural) joint
Intertarsal joints
Tarsometatarsal joints
Metatarsophalangeal joints
Interphalangeal joints
Identify the ligaments in the elbow, hip, knee, and ankle joints.
Explain the effects of aging and disease on the joints. Describe the following conditions: arthritis, gouty
arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis
Chapter 10 Muscle Tissue and Organization
Describe the function of skeletal muscles.
Understand and describe the structure of skeletal muscles. Be able to find the following
structures/tissues on models or on diagrams:
Muscle
Myofilaments
Epimysium
Sarcolemma
Transverse (t) tubules
Fascicle
Tendons
Perimysium
Satellite cell
Synaptic knob
Myofibril
Deep fascia
Endomysium
Striations
Muscle fibers
Superficial fascia
Sarcoplasm
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Understand that muscles contract when myofilaments “walk” past each other.
Explain how motor units control muscle fibers. Understand the all-or-none principle.
Define isometric and isotonic contractions and give examples of each.
Explain the difference between slow “twitch” (slow oxidative) and fast “twitch” (fast oxidative and fast
glycolytic) muscle fiber types. Understand that the ratio of types of muscle fibers does not change.
Define muscle origin and insertion.
Define the following muscle shapes: circular, parallel, convergent, unipennate, bipennate, multipennate.
Understand that muscles are levers.
Explain the terms agonist, antagonist, and synergist and use them to describe groups of muscles.
Understand what terms used in muscle naming mean.
Recognize the differences between cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle tissue.
Chapter 11—Axial muscles
Define and identify the following muscles, including their actions. Be able to find them on a diagram,
photo, or a model.
Facial Expression Muscles
 Occipitofrontalis
 Procerus
 Corrugator supercilii
 Levator palpabrae superioris
 Orbicularis oculi
 Nasalis
 Levator labii superioris
 Levator anguli oris
 Zygomaticus major
 Zygomaticus minor
 Masseter
 Buccinators
 Risorius
 Orbicularis oris
 Depressor anguli oris
 Depressor labii inferioris
 Mentalis
 Platysma
Extrinsic Eye Muscles
 Superior rectus
 Superior oblique
 Inferior oblique
 Inferior rectus
 Lateral rectus
 Medial rectus
Muscles of Mastication
 Buccinator
 Masseter
 Orbicularis oris
 Temporalis
Muscles that Move the Tongue
 Styloglossus
 Palatoglossus
 Hyoglossus
 Genioglossus
Muscles of the Neck
 Pharyngeal constrictor muscles
 Suprahyoid muscles
 Sylohyoid muscle
 Geniohyoid muscle
 Digastric (anterior and posterior belly)
 Mylohyoid
 Omohyoid
 Sternohyoid
 Thyrohyoid
 Sternothyroid
Muscles that Move the Head and Neck
 Sternocleidomastoid
 Scalene muscles
 Trapezius
 Splenius capitis
 Splenius cervicis
 Semispinallis capitis
 Longissimus capitis
 Obliquus capitis superior
 Obliquus capitis inferior
 Rectus capitis posterior major
 Rectus capitis posterior minor
Muscles of the Vertebral Column
 Erector spinae group
o Iliocostalis group
o Longissimus group
o Spinalis group
 Transversospinalis group
o Semispinalis capitis
o Semispinalis cervicis
o Semispinalis thoracis
o Multifidus
o Rotatores thoracis
 Intertransversarius
 Interspinalis
 Quadratus lumborum
Muscles of Respiration
 Diaphragm
 External intercostals
 Internal intercostals
 Transversus thoracis
 Scalene muscles
 Serratus posterior superior
 Serratus posterior inferior
Muscles of the Abdominal Wall
 Rectus abdominis (including tendinous
intersections, rectus sheath, and linea
alba)
 External obliques
 Internal obliques
 Transversus abdominis
Muscles of the Pelvic Floor
 Pelvic diaphragm
Chapter 12 – Appendicular Muscles
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Understand which muscles are elevators,
depressors, retractors, protractors, abductors,
adductors, etc.
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
 Pectoralis major
 Pectoralis minor
 Sternocleidomastoid
 Subclavius
 Subscapularis
 Serratus anterior
Posterior Thoracic Muscles
 Trapezius
 Rhomboid major
 Rhomboid minor
 Latissimus dorsi
 Levator scapulae
 Teres major
 Teres minor
 Supraspinatus
 Infraspinatus
Arm Muscles
 Deltoid
 Biceps brachii
 Brachioradialis
 Brachialis
 Triceps brachii
 Coracobrachialis
 Supinator
 Pronator teres
 Pronator quadratus
 Flexor muscles (Identify them as a
group, not individually. However,
understand the function of each
muscle.)
o Flexor carpi ulnaris
o Flexor carpi radialis
o Flexor digitorum superficialis
o Flexor digitorum profundis
o Flexor pollicis longus
o Flexor pollicis brevis
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Extensor muscles (Identify them as a
group, not individually. However,
understand the function of each
muscle.)
o Abductor pollicis longus
o Adductor pollicis
o Extensor pollicis longus
o Extensor pollicis brevis
o Extensor carpi ulnaris
o Extensor carpi radialis longus
o Extensor carpi radialis brevis
o Extensor digiti minimi
o Extensor digitorum
Palmaris longus (in picture only)
Flexor retinaculum (ligament)
Dorsal interossei
Lumbricals
Muscles of the Upper Leg
 Psoas major, Iliacus, and Iliopsoas
 Pectineus
 Adductor brevis
 Adductor longus
 Adductor magnus
 Gracilis
 Gluteus maximus
 Gluteus medius
 Gluteus minimus
 Vastus lateralis
 Vastus intermedialis
 Vastus medialis
 Rectus femoris (including patellar
ligament)
 Tensor fasciae latae (with iliotibial tract)
 Sartorius
 Biceps femoris
 Semimembranosus
 Semitendinosus
Muscles of the Lower Leg
 Fibularis longus
 Fibularis brevis
 Gastrocnemius
 Soleus
 Tibialis anterior
 Tibialis posterior
 Popliteus
 Extensor muscles (Identify them as a
group, not individually. However,
understand the function of each
muscle.)
o Extensor digitorum longus
o Extensor digitorum brevis
o Extensor hallucis longus
o Extensor retinaculum (tendon)
o Extensor hallucis brevis
o Extensor hallucis longus
 Flexor muscles (Identify them as a
group, not individually. However,
understand the function of each
muscle.)
o Flexor hallucis longus
o Flexor hallucis brevis
o Flexor retinaculum (tendon)
o Flexor digitorum longus
o Flexor digitorum brevis
o Adductor hallucis
o Flexor digiti minimi longus
o Flexor digiti minimi brevis
o Abductor digiti minimi
 Plantar interossei
 Dorsal interossei