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Transcript
From Benign To Belligerent…Again The United States and Entry into WWII What happened to President Wilson’s goal to “make the world safe for democracy?” 1920s – The League of Nations had met continuously in Switzerland to ensure peace (without U.S. support) 1928 – Kellogg-Briand Pact – U.S. pledges not to use military force for aggressive ends But, by 1933 - Fewer people believe that peace established by Treaty of Versailles would hold up for long. Why? 1. Asia – Japan threatening China 2. Europe – a. Democracies fail b. Rise of Fascism—authoritarian and nationalist central government led by a dictator i. Adolf Hitler’s Nazi Party comes to power in Germany ii. Mussolini’s Fascist Party comes to power in Italy iii. Franco in Spain (causing Civil War in Spain), etc. How and why did U.S. foreign policy under Hoover and FDR change from disengagement to neutrality to total involvement? American Isolationists: a. Want to avoid war at all costs – especially after rise of dictators in Europe and Japan b. Neutrality Acts i. Neutrality Act of 1935: authorized the U.S. president to prohibit all arms shipments and to forbid U.S. citizens to travel on the ships of belligerent nations ii. Neutrality Act of 1936: forbade the extension of loans and credits to belligerents iii. Neutrality Act of 1937: forbade the shipment of arms to the opposing sides in the Spanish Civil War Fascist Dictators Become Aggressive a. Democracies (U.S., France, Great Britain) adopt the policy of APPEASEMENT i. Mussolini invades Ethiopia (1936)– League of Nations and U.S. do nothing ii. Hitler marches into the Rhineland (1936) and Sudetenland (1938) – openly defied Treaty of Versailles (Some argue that it used to be German territory so Hitler has the right) iii. War between China and Japan erupts. (1937) Japan bombs U.S. gunboat. Apology accepted. From Benign To Belligerent…Again The United States and Entry into WWII What happened to __________________’s goal to “make the world ___________________?” 1920s – The ____________________________ had met continuously in _____________ to ensure peace _________________________) 1928 – _______________________________ – U.S. pledges not to use military force for ___________________ ends. But, by 1933 - Fewer people believe that the peace established by __________________ would hold up for long. Why? 1. Asia – _____________________________________ 2. Europe – a. _______________________________ b. ________________________________—_______________ and ___________ central government led by a _________________ i. Adolf Hitler’s Nazi Party comes to power in Germany ii. Mussolini’s Fascist Party comes to power in Italy iii. Franco in Spain (causing Civil War in Spain), etc. How and why did U.S. foreign policy under Hoover and FDR change from _______________ to ________________ to total _________________________? American Isolationists: c. Want to avoid war at all costs – especially after rise of _________________________ in Europe and Japan d. Neutrality Acts iv. Neutrality Act of 1935: authorized the U.S. president to _____________________ shipments and to forbid U.S. citizens to travel on the ships of ______________ _______________ v. Neutrality Act of 1936: forbade the extension of _________________________ to belligerent countries vi. Neutrality Act of 1937: forbade the ___________________ to the opposing sides in the ___________________________ Fascist Dictators Become Aggressive b. Democracies (U.S., France, Great Britain) adopt the policy of _____________________ iv. Mussolini invades ____________ (1936)– League of Nations and U.S. do nothing v. Hitler marches into the _______________ (1936) and _________________ (1938) – openly defied Treaty of Versailles (Some argue that it used to be German territory so Hitler has the right) vi. War between _____________________ erupts. (1937) Japan bombs U.S. gunboat. Apology accepted.